List of defunct automobile manufacturers of the United States

This is a list of defunct automobile manufacturers of the United States. They were discontinued for various reasons, such as bankruptcy of the parent company, mergers, or being phased out.

A

A Automobile Company (1910–1913)
'Blue & Gold, Red John, model
Abbott-Detroit (1909–1918)
Moved to Cleveland and renamed to 'Abbott' in 1917.
Abeln-Zehr (1911–1912)
Renamed to 'Zehr' after departure of S. Abeln in 1912.
AC Propulsion (1997–2003)
tZero model
Acme Motor Car Company (1903–1911)
Adams Company (1905–1912)
'Adams-Farwell' model
Anger Engineering Company (1913–1915) (also known as A.E.C., but not the same company as the British A.E.C.)
Aerocar Company (1905–1908)
Aerocar International (1946–1987)
Aircraft Products (1947)
Airscoot model
Airway (1949–1950)
Ajax Motors Co. (1914–1915)
Based in Seattle
Ajax Motor Vehicle Company (1901–1903)
Based in New York City
Aland Motor Car Company (1916–1917)
Albany Automobile Company (1907–1908)
Alden Sampson Company (1904)
Sampson model
Albaugh-Dover Co. (1910–1911)
Also known as Aldo
All-Steel Motor Car Co. (1915–1916)
Allen Motor Company (1913–1922)
Based in Ohio
Allen Iron & Steel Company (1913–1914)
Based in Philadelphia
Alpena Motor Car Company (1910–1914)
Alter Motor Car Company (1914–1917)
Altham (1896–1899)
Alcoa (1920–1922)
'Aluminum' model
Amalgamated Machinery Corp (1917–1919)
Ambassador (1921–1925)
American Automobile Manufacturing Company (1911–1912)
Jonz and American models. Based in Indiana.
American Automobile and Power Company (1904–1905)
Populaire model
American Automobile Co. (1899–1901)
Based in New York
American Cyclecar Co. (1914)
American Austin (1929–1935)
American Bantam (1935–1956)
American Beauty (1918–1920)
American Electric (1913–1914)
Based in Michigan
American Electric Vehicle Co. (1896–1902)
Based in Chicago
American Locomotive Automobile Company (1908–1913)
Also known as Alco
American Metal Wheel and Auto Co (1907)
Juvenile model
American Mors (1906–1909)
American Motor Car Company (1906–1914)
American Motor Company (1895–1902)
American Motor Carriage Co. (1902–1904)
American Motor Vehicle Co. (1916–1920)
Junior model
American Motors (1954–1987)
Also known as AMC
American Motors Co. (1906–1924)
Balanced Six model. Based in New Jersey
American Motors Incorporated (1917–1922)
Amco model. Based in New York
American Power Carriage (1899–1900)
American Simplex (1906–1913)
Renamed to Amplex in 1910
American Steam Automobile Co. (1924–1931)
Based in Massachusetts
American Steam Truck Co. (1922–1924)
Based in Illinois
American Voiturette (1913–1914)
Car-Nation models
American Waltham (1898–1899)
American Wheelock^[when?]
Ames, F.A. Co. (1910–1922)
Renamed to 'Ames Body Corporation' in 1915
Ams-Sterling (1917)
Anchor Buggy & Carriage Co. (1910–1911)
Anderson Automobile Co. (1916–1925)
Anderson Carriage Manufacturing Co. (1907–1910)
Anderson Machine Co. (1906)
Anger Engineering Company (1912–1915)
Also known as A.E.C.
Angus (1907–1910)
Fuller model
Anheuser-Busch (1905)
Built in St. Louis by the beer company
Anhut (1909–1910)
Ansted (1926–1927)
Ansted-Lexington (1922)
Anthony (1899–1900)
Apex Motor Car Company (1920–1922)
Ace model
Apperson (1902–1926)
Apple Automobile Company (1917–1918)
Arabian (1915–1917)
ArBenz (1911–1918)
Ardsley Motor Car Co. (1905–1906)
Argo Electric Vehicle Co. (1912–1916)
Based in Saginaw, Michigan.
Argo Motor Co. (1914–1916)
Based in Jackson, Michigan.
Ariel Company (1905–1907)
Aristos^[when?]
Armstrong Electric (1885–1902)
Arnolt, S.H. Inc. (1953–1954)
Artzberger (1904)
Atlas Automobile Co. (1906–1907)
Based in Pittsburgh
Atlas Motor Car Co. (1907–1913)
Based in Massachusetts. Renamed to 'Atlas-Knight' in 1912.
Auburn Automobile Co. (1900–1936)
Based in Indiana
Auburn Motor Chassis (1912–1915)
Aultman (1901)
Aurora Automobile Co. (1905–1906)
Formerly 'Aurora Carriage Top Company'
Aurora Automatic Machinery Co. (1907–1909)
Austen^[when?]
Austin Automobile Company (1901–1921)
Auto-Bug (1909–1910)
Auto Cub (1956)
Auto Cycle (1906–1907)
Auto Dynamic (1900–1902)
Autoette Electric Car Co. (1948–1970)
Automatic Transportation Co. (1921)
Automobile Fore Carriage (1900)
Automobile Voiturette^[when?]
Automotor (1901–1904)
Autoparts Manufacturing Co. (1910)
King-Remick model
Auto Tricar (1914)
Auto Vehicle^[when?]
Avanti Motor Co. (1963–2007)
Avery Company (1891–1928) Tractor, truck and car manufacturer

B

Babcock, H.H. Company (1909–1913) H.H. Babcock Company [de]
Babcock Electric Carriage Co. (1906–1912)
Baby Moose (1914)
Bachelle Electric (1900–1903)
Bacon (1901, 1919–1920) Bacon (Automobilhersteller) [de]
Badger (1910–1911)
Based in Wisconsin
Bailey (1907–1910) Bailey Automobile Company [de]
Baker Electric (1899–1916)
Based in Cleveland
Balboa (1924–1925)
Baldner (1900–1903)
Baldwin (1899–1901)
Ball Steam (1868, 1902)
Balzer (1894–1900)
Banker (1905)
Bantam (1914)
Distinct from American Bantam
Barbarino (1923–1925)
Barley Motor Car Co. (1916–1929)
Barrows Electric (1895–1899)
Bates Automobile Company (1904–1905)
Bauer (1914–1916)^[where?]
Bay State (1907–1908)
Bean-Chamberlain Manufacturing Co. (1901–1902)
Hudson model
Beardsley (1914–1917)
Beechcraft (1946)
Beggs (1919–1923)
Belden (1907–1911)
Bell Motor Car Company (1916–1922)
Based in Pennsylvania
Belmont Electric Auto Co. (1909–1910)
Belmont (1916)^[where?]
Bendix (1908–1909)
Benham Manufacturing Co. (1914)
Ben Hur (1917–1918)
Based in Cleveland
Benner (1909)
Berg (1903–1905)
Based in Cleveland
Bergdoll (1910–1913)
Berwick Auto Car Co. (1904)
Berkshire (1905–1912)
Berliet (1906–1913)
Bertolet (1908–1910)
Bethlehem (1917–1926) cars from (1919–1920)
Beverly (1904)
Bi-Autogo (1908–1912)
Biddle (1915–1922)
Beisel Motorette Company (1914)
Bimel (1916–1917)
Binghamton Electric (1920)
Binney & Burnham (1901–1902)
Birch Motor Cars (1916–1923)
Birmingham Motors (1921–1923)
Black (1893, 1896–1900)^[where?]
Black Motor Company (1908–1910) Renamed to 'Black-Crow' in 1909
Blackhawk (1903)
Blackhawk (1929–1930)
Bliss (1906)
B.L.M. (1906–1907)
Blomstrom (C.H.) Motor Co. (1902–1903)^[where?]
Blomstrom Manufacturing Co. (1907–1908)
Gyroscope model, based in Michigan.
Blood Brothers Auto and Machine Company (1902–1906)
BMC (1952)
Distinct from the British brand
Boardman (1946)
Bobbi-Kar (1945–1947)
Boisselot (1901)
Borbein Electric (1900, 1904–1909)
Borland Electric (1910–1916)
Boss Steam Car (1897–1909)
Boston-Amesbury (1902–1903)
Boston High Wheel (1907)
Bour-Davis Co. (1915–1922)
Bournonville^[when?]
Bowman Motor Car Company (1921–1922)
Bramwell (1904–1905)^[where?]
Bramwell-Robinson (1899–1902)^[where?]
Brasie (1914–1916)
Brazier (1902–1903)
Brecht (1901–1903)
Brennan (1902–1908)
Brew-Hatcher (1904–1905)
Brewster & Co. (1915–1925, 1934–1937)
Briggs and Stratton (1919–1923)
Smith Flyer model
Briggs-Detroiter Motor Car Co. (1912–1917)
Briggs Manufacturing Company (1909–1953)
Brightwood
Briscoe Motor Co. (1913–1923)
Bristol (1903–1904)
Broc Electric (1909–1916)
Based in Cleveland
Brogan (1946–1950)
Brook (1920–1921)
Brooks Steamer (1927)
Brown (1914)
Brownie (1916)
Browniekar (1908–1911)
Brush Motor Car Company (1907–1912)
Bryan Steam Car (1918–1923)
Buckeye (1895)
Based in Indiana
Buckmobile (1903–1905)
Buffalo Automobile and Auto-Bi Company (1900–1902)
Buffalo Electric (1912–1915)
Buffum (1901–1907)
Buggy Car Company (1908–1909)
Bugmobile (1907–1909)
Based in Chicago
Burdick (1909)
Burg (1910–1913)
Burns (1908–1912)
Burrows (1914–1915)
Burtt Manufacturing Co. (1902–1906)
Cannon model
Bush (1916–1924)
B-Z-T Car Company [de] (1924–1915)

C

C-A-C (1914–1915)
Cady Automobile Company (1899)
California (1900–1902, 1910)
Caloric (1903–1904)
Camelot Motors (1981)
Cameron (1903–1920)
Campbell (1918–1919)
Canda (1900–1902)
Cannon (1902–1906)
Canoo (2017–2025)
Cantono Electric (1904–1907)
Car de Luxe (1906–1910)
Carbon Motors Corporation (2003–2013)
Cardway (1923–1924)
Carhart (1871)
Carhartt Automobile Company (1910–1912)
Carlson (1904)
Carrol^[when?]
Carroll (1908)
Distinct from Carrol
Carroll Six (1921–1922)
Carter Twin-Engine (1907–1908)
Cartercar (1905–1916)
Carthage (1914–1915)
Case (1911–1927)
Based in Wisconsin
Casler (1901)
C.B (1917–1918)
Ceco (1914–1915)
Based in Chicago
Centaur (1902–1903)
Central (1905–1906)
Century (1900–1903)
'Tourist' model
Century Motor Company (1911–1915)
Renamed to 'Century Electric Car Company' in 1915
Century Steamer (1906)
Chadwick Engineering Works (1904–1916, 1960)
Chalfant (1905–1912)
Chalmers-Detroit (1908–1914)
Renamed to Chalmers in 1911
Champion (1916)
Chandler (1913–1929)
Chapman Electric (1899–1901)
Charles Abresch Company (1899–circa 1965)
Chase (1907–1912)
Checker Motors Corporation (1922–2010)
Chelsea (1914)
Chicago (1902)
Chicago Electric (1899–1901)
Chicago Motor Buggy (1908)
Chicago Recording Scale Co (1906–1907)
Apollo model
Chicago Steam Car (1905–1907)
Chief (1908)
Christie (1904–1910)
Christman (1901–1905, 1907)
Church-Field (1912–1913)
Church Manufacturing Co (1903–1904)
Lenawee model
Cincinnati Steamer (1903–1904)
CinO (1910–1913)
Citicar (1974–1976)
Clark (1901)
Clark Electric (1903–1905)
Clark & Company (1903–1904)
Clarkmobile model
Classic (1916–1917, 1920)
Cleburne^[when?]
Clénet Coachworks (1975–1980)
Clermont^[when?]
Cleveland (1902–1904)
Built in Cleveland
Cleveland (1905–1909)
Cleveland (1914)
Cleveland (1919–1926)
Climber (1919–1924)
Clinton E. Woods Electric (1897–1901)
Clipper (1956)
Clough Steamer (1869)
Cloughley (1896–1903)
Club Car (1910–1911)
Clyde Special^[when?]
Clymer (1908)
Based in Missouri
Coates-Goshen (1908–1910)
Coats Steam Car (1921–1923)
Coda (2009–2013)
Coey-Mitchell Automobile Company (1901–1902) + (1913–1917)
Coggswell (1910–1911)
Colburn (1906–1911)
Based in Denver
ColbyDenver (1911–1914)
Cole Motor Car Company (1909–1925)
Based in Indianapolis
Colonial Motors Corporation (1921–1922)
Colonial Electric Car Company (1912)
Colt (1907)
Based in New York
Columbia (1897–1913)
Columbian Electric^[when?]
Columbia Motors (1916–1924)
Columbian Electric (1914–1917)
Distinct from 'Columbia Electric'
Columbus Buggy Company (1907–1908)
Columbus Electric (1903–1915)
Based in Ohio
Comet (1917–1922)
Based in Illinois
Comet (1946–1951)
Commerce (1907–1908)
Commercial Motor Truck Company^[when?]
Based in Ohio
Commodore Motors Corporation (1921–1922)
Commonwealth (1917–1922)
Commuter Cars (1998)
Comuta-Car (1979–1982) (See its predecessor, the Citicar)
Conrad (1900–1903)
Continental (1907–1908)
Continental (1914)
Based in Minneapolis and Chicago
Continental (1933–1934)
Continental (1956–1957)
Corbin (1904–1912)
Corbin (1999–2003)
Corbitt (1907–1914)
Cord (1929–1932,1936–1937)
Corinthian (1922–1923)
Cornelian (1914–1915)
Cornish-Friedberg^[when?]
Cornish-Friedberg Motor Car Co (1907–1909)
Correja (1909–1914)
Corwin (1905–1906)
Gas-au-lec model
Cosmopolitan (1907–1910)
Distinct from the Nash Cosmopolitan
Cotta Steam (1901–1903)
Country Club (1903–1904)
Courier (1904–1905)
Courier (1909–1911)
Courier Car Co (1912)
'Clermont' model
Covert (1902–1907)
Coyote Special (1909–1910)
C.R. Patterson and Sons (1915–1939), maker of the Patterson-Greenfield automobile and later buses and trucks.
Craig-Toledo (1907)
Crane (1912–1920)
Renamed to Crane-Simplex in 1915
Crane & Breed (1912–1917)
Crawford (1904–1923)
Crescent (1913–1914)
Crestmobile (1901–1905)
Cricket Cyclecar Company (1913–1914)
Criterion^[when?]
Crompton (1902–1905)
Crosley (1939–1952)
Crouch (1894–1900)
Crow-Elkhart (1911–1923)
Crowdus Electric (1899–1902)
Crown (1905–1907)
Crowther (1915–1917)
Renamed to 'Crowther-Duryea' in 1917
Croxton-Keeton (1909–1914)
Renamed to 'Croxton' in 1911
Cruiser (1917–1919)
Culver (1905)
Cunningham (1907–1936)
Cunningham Sports Cars (1951–1955)
Clark-Carter Automobile Co (1909–1913)
Renamed to Cutting Motor Car Company in 1911; defunct c. 1912; last model year 1913.
C.V.I. Motor Car Co (1907–1908)

D

Detroit Air-Cooled Car Company (1922–1923)
Dagmar (1922–1927)
Dale (1974)
Daniels (1916–1924)
Dan Patch (1910–1911)
Darby Motor Car Company (1909–1910)
Darling (1901–1902)
Darrin (1946, 1955–1958)
Davenport (1902)
Davis (1908–1929)
Davis Cyclecar Company (1914)
Davis (1947–1949)
Davis Steam Car (1921)
Davis Totem (1921–1922)
Dawson (1904)
Dawson Auto-Mobile (1899–1901)
Day Automobile Company (1911–1914)
Dayton (1914)
Dayton Cyclecar (1914) Dayton Cyclecar [de]
Dayton Electric (1911–1915)
Deal (1905–1911)
Decatur (1910–1911)
Decatur (1914–1915)
Decker (1902–1903)
Deere-Clark (1906; Deere 1907)
Deering Magnetic (1918–1919)
Defiance Motor Truck (1915–1920)/>
De La Vergne (1895–1896)
Delling (1924–1927)
Delmore (1921–1923)
DeLorean Motor Company (1975–1982)
De Luxe Motor Car Company (1906–1908)
De Mars Electric (1905–1906; Blakeslee Electric 1906; Williams Electric 1906–1907; Byrider Electric 1907–1910)
DeMot or DeMotCar (1910–1911)
De Motte (1904)
Denneed (1916)
Derain (1908–1911)
Desberon (1901–1904)
De Schaum (1908–1909)
Des Moines (1902)
De Soto Motor Car Company (1913–1914)
DeSoto (1928–1961)
De Tamble (1908–1913)
Detroit Automobile Company (1899–1901)
Detroit Automobile Manufacturing Company (1905)
Detroit Auto Vehicle Company (1904–1908)
Detroit Cyclecar Company (1913–1914)
Detroit-Dearborn Motor Car Company (1910–1911)
Detroit Electric (1907–1939)
Detroiter (1912–1917)
Detroit-Oxford Motor Car Company (1905–1906)
Detroit Steam Motors Corporation (1922)
De Vaux-Hall Motors Company (1931–1932; Continental-De Vaux 1932)
De Vaux Continental (1932–1934)
DeWitt (1909–1910)
Dewabout (1900–1901)
Dey Electric (1917–1919)
Dey Griswold (1895–1898)
Diamond (1914–1915)
Diamond T (1905–1967)
Diana (1925–1928)
Dile (1914–1917)
Dingfelder Motor Company (1903)
Dino (1965)
Disbrow (1917–1918)
Dispatch (1910)
Dixie (1908–1910)
Dixie (1916)
Dixie Flyer (1916–1923)
Doble steam car (1914–1918, 1922–1931)
Dodge (A.M.) Company (1914–1915)
Dodgeson Motors (1926)
DODO (1912)
Dolson (J.L.) & Sons (1904–1907)
Dorris Motors Corporation (1906–1926)
Dort Motor Car Company (1915–1924)
Douglas (1918–1919)
Downing Motor Company (1913–1915)
Dragon Automobile Company (1906–1908)
Drake (1921–1922)
Drexel (1916–1917)
Driggs-Seabury (1915; Driggs 1921–1923)
Drummond (1916–1917)
Dual-Ghia (1956–1958)
Duck (Jackson model)
Dudly Tool Company (1913–1915)
Dudgeon Steam (1857, 1866)
Duer (1907–1910)
Duesenberg (1920–1937)
Dumont^[when?]
Dunn (1916–1918)
Duplex (1908–1909)
Du Pont (1919–1931)
Duquesne (1904–1906)
Durant Motors (1921–1931)
Durocar (1906–1911)
Duryea (1893–1917) First American automobile manufacturer
Dyke (or St Louis) (1899–1901; Dyke-Britton 1904)
Dymaxion (1933)

E

Eagle (1905–1909)
Eagle (1988–1998)
Eagle Cycle Car (1914–1918)
Eagle Electric (1915–1916)
Eagle Rotary (1914–1915; Eagle-Macomber 1916–1918)
Earl Motors Incorporated (1907–1908)
Earl (1921–1923)
Eastman (1898–1900)
Eastman (1901–1902)
Eaton Electric (1898–1900)
Eck^[when?]
Eclipse Steam (1900–1903)
Economy (1916–1919; Economy-Vogue 1920; Vogue 1921–1922)
Eddy Electric (1900–1901)
Edsel (1958–1960)
Edwards-Knight (1912–1913)
Edwards (1954–1955)
E.H.V. (see Compound)
Eichstaedt (1898–1902)
Eisenhuth (1904–1908)
'Compound' model
Elberg
Elberon (Columbia model)
Elbert (1914–1915)
Elcar (1915–1931)
Elco (1915–1917)
Eldredge (1903–1906)
Electra (1914–1915)
Electric Vehicle (1897–1907)
Electronomic
Elgin (1916–1924)
Elite^[when?]
Elite (1901–1902)
Elkhart (see Crow-Elkhart or Komet)
Elliott (1897–1899)
Ellis
Ellsworth (1907)
Elmore (1893–1912)
El Morocco (1956–1957)
Emancipator (1909)
Emerson (1917)
E-M-F (1909–1912)
'Wayne' model
Empire (1901–1902)
Empire (1910–1919)
Empire Steam Car (1925–1927)
Empire Steamer (1899–1902)
Empire Steamer (1904)
Endurance Steam Car (1922–1924)
Enger (1909–1917)
Engler (W.B.) Cyclecar Company (1914–1915)
Entz (1914)
Erie (1899–1902)
Erskine (1927–1930)
Eshelman (1953–1961)
Essex (1906)
Essex Motor Company (1919–1932)
Etnyre (1910–1911)
Euclid (1908)
Eureka (1900)
Eureka (1907–1909)
Evansville
Everitt (1909–1912)
Everybody's (1907–1909)
Ewing (1908–1910)
Excalibur (1965–1997)
Excel (1914)

F

Fageol (1900, 1917)
Fal-Car (1909–1914)
Also known as F.A.L.
Falcon Engineering Company (1907–1909)
Falcon-Knight (1927–1929)
Famous (1908–1909)
Fanning (1901–1903)
Farmack (1915–1916)
Farner (1922–1923)
Faulkner-Blanchard (1910)
Federal (1907–1909)
Federal Steam (1901–1902)
Fenton (1913–1914)
Unrelated to Fenton Headers
Ferris (1920–1922)
Fey Touring (1897–1906)
Fiberfab (1964–1983)
Fidelia (1913–1914)
Field (1886, 1905)
Fina-Sport (1953–1954)
Firestone-Columbus (1909–1915)
Fischer-Detroit (1914)
Fisher (1901–1905)
Fisher Body 1908–1984
Fisker Automotive (2007–2014)
Fisker Inc. (2016–2024)
Flagler (1914)
Based in Michigan
Flanders 20 (1910–1912)
Flanders Manufacturing Company (1912–1914)
Flanders (1913)
'Flanders Six' model
Fleetwood Metal Body 1909–1931
Flexbi (1904)
Flint (1923–1927)
Flyer Motor Car Company (1913–1914)
Forest (1905–1906) Organized in Boston.
Forest City (1905)
Manufactured as the Jewell beginning in 1906. Organized in Cleveland, Ohio, & named for the city nickname.
Forsyth (circa 1896) Franklin, Minnesota; only a prototype built.
Forth (1905)
New York company, one of two of the same name, organized by Clarence Forth. No cars built.
Forth (1910–1911)
Mansfield, Ohio, company, one of two of the same name, organized by Clarence Forth. Only one prototype car assembled; went bankrupt late 1911.
Fort Pitt (1908–1910, 1911)
Organized in New Kensington, Pennsylvania; moved to Pittsburgh 1911. Always known as the Pittsburgh Six
Foster (1889,1901–1904)
Fostoria (1906–1907)
Fournier-Searchmont
Fox (1921–1923)
Franklin (1902–1934)
Frayer-Miller (1904–1910)
Frazer (1946–1951)
Frederickson (1914)
Fredonia (1902–1904)
Fremont (1920–1922)
Friedman Automobile Company (1900–1903)
Friend Motors Corporation (1920–1921)
Fritchle Electric (1905–1920)
Frontenac (1906–1913)
Frontenac Motor Corporation (1921–1925)
Frontmobile (1917–1918)
F.R.P. (1914–1916)
F.S. (1911–1912)
Fuller (1908–1910)
F.W.D. (1910–1912)
Based in Wisconsin

G

Gabriel (1910–1920) Gabriel Auto Company [de]
Gadabout (1914–1916)
Gadabout (1946)
Gaeth (1902–1911)
Gage (1914–1915) Union Car Company [de]
Gale (1905–1907)
Galloway (1906–1920) William Galloway Company [de]
Gardner (1920–1931)
Garford (1908, 1911–1913) Superior Coach Company
Gary (1909) Gary Taxicab Company [de]
Gary Automobile Manufacturing Company (1914) Gary Automobile Manufacturing Company [de]
Gas-au-lec (1905–1906) Corwin Manufacturing Company
Gaslight (1960–circa 1961)
Gasmobile (1899–1902)
Gatsby Coachworks (1979–1998) Gatsby Coachworks [de]
Gatts (1905) Gatts [de]
Gaylord Motor Car Company (1911–1913)
Gaylord Gladiator (1955–1956)
Gearhart (1911–1912) Southern Motor Sales Company [de]
Gearless (1906–1909) Gearless Motor Car Company [de]
Gearless Steamer (1919–1923) Gearless Motor Corporation [de]
Gem Motor Car Company (1917–1919)
GEM (1992–2022)
General (1902–1904)
General Electric (1891–1898, 1902–1903)
General Electric (1898–1900)
General Motors Corporation (1908–2009)
Geneva (1901–1904)
German-American (1902–1903)
Geo (1989–1997)
Geronimo (1917–1920)
Ghent (1916–1918)
Gillette (1916)
Gillig (1890)
G.J.G. (1909–1914)
Glasspar (1949–1953)
Gleason (1909–1913)
Glide (1903–1920)
Globe Four (1921–1922)
Glover (1920–1921)
Golden Eagle (1906)
Graham-Paige (1928–1930; Graham 1930–1941)
Gramm (1902)
Granite Falls^[when?]
Grant (1913–1922)
Graves & Condon (1908–1910))
Gray Motor Corporation (1922–1926)
Gray Light Car (1920)
Great Eagle (1910–1915)
Great Southern (1910–1914)
Great Western (1910–1916)
Greenleaf Cycle Company (1902)
GreenTech Automotive (2009–2018)
Gregory (1920–1922)
Greyhound (1914–1916)
Grinnell Electric Car Company (1910–1915)
Griswold Motor Car Company (1907)
Grout (1900–1912)
Gurley (1899–1901)
G.V (1907)
Gyroscope (1908–1909)

H

Haase (1902–1904)
Hackett Motor Car Company (1916–1919)
H.A.L. (1916–1918)
Hall (1903–1904) Hall Motor Vehicle Company [de]
Hall (1914–1915)
Halladay (1905–1922)
Hamilton (1917)
Hamlin-Holmes (1919–1929; Hamlin 1930)
Hammer-Sommer (1902–1906)
Renamed to Hammer Motor Company for 1905–1906
Handley Motors Incorporated (1921–1923; Handley 1923)
Hanger (1916)
Hanover (1921–1927)
Hanson (1918–1925)
Harding (1916–1917)
Hardy^[when?]
Harper (1907–1908)
Harrie (1925)
Harris (1910)
Harrison Wagon Company (1905–1907; Harrison Motor Car Company 1907)
Harroun Motor Sales Corporation (1917–1922)
Harry S. Houpt Manufacturing Company: (See Houpt (1909); The "New Departure Manufacturing Company" (Bristol, Connecticut) forming of Houpt-Rockwell in 1910) Covered in the German Wikipedia
Hartley (1895–1899)
Hartman (1914–1918)
Harvard (1915–1921)
Harwood-Barley (1911–1915)
Hasbrouck (1900–1902) Hasbrouck Motor Works [de]
Hatfield (1907–1908)
Hatfield (1916–1924)
Havers Motor Car Company (1908–1914)
Hawk Cyclecar Company (1914)
Hawkins Cyclecar (1914)
Xenia model
Hawley (1906–1908)
Hay-Berg (1907–1908)
Haydock^[when?]
Haynes-Apperson (1896–1905; Haynes 1904–1925)
Hayward (1913)
H.C.S. (1920–1925)
Healey (circa 1905–circa 1916)
Heine-Velox (1903–1908, 1921–1923)
Hendel (1903–1904)
Henderson (1912–1914)
Henney (1921–1931)
Henney (1960–1964)
Henry Motor Car Company (1910–1912)
Hercules (1914–1915)
Herff-Brooks (1915–1916)
Herreshoff Motor Company (1909–1914)
Hertel (1895–1900)
Hertz (1924–1927)
Heseltine (1916–1917)
Hewitt (1906–1907)
Hewitt (1905–1914)
Hewitt-Lindstrom (1900–1901)
Heymann (1898–1907)
Hidley Steam Car (1901)
Highlander (1919–1922)
Hill (1904–1908)
Hines (1908–1910)
Hitchcock Motor Car Company (1909)
Hobbie Accessible (1908–1909)
Hoffman (1901–1904)
Hoffman (1931)
Holden (1915)
Holland (1902–1903)
Holley (1900–1904)
Hollier (1915–1921)
Holly Six (1913–1915)
Holmes (1906–1907)
Holsman (1901–1911)
Hol-Tan (1908)
Holyoke (1899–1903)
Homer Laughlin (1916)
Hoosier Scout (1914)
Hoover (1913–1914)
Hoskins (1920)
Houpt (1909; Houpt-Rockwell 1910)
House Steamer (1867)
Howard (1895–1903)
Howey (1907–1908)
Hudson Motor Car Company (1909–1957)
Huffman (1919–1925)
Hupp Motor Car Company (1909–1940)
Hupp-Yeats Electric Car Company (1911–1919)
Huron River Manufacturing Company (1911–1912)
Hydromotor Car Manufacturing Company (1914–1917)

I

Ideal Electric Co. (1909-c1911)
Illinois Electric (1897–1901)
Imp (1913–1914)
Imperial Motor Car Company (1907–1908)
Imperial Automobile Company (1908–1916)
Imperial (1955–1975, 1981–1983)
Imperial Electric (1903–1904)
Independent Harvester (1910–1911)
Indiana (1901)
Indianapolis (see Black)
International (1899) (see Strathmore)
International (1899)
International (1900)
International Cyclecar Company (1914)
'Economy' model
International Motor Cars (Apollo; 1962–1964)
International Power Company (1900)
International (1901–1903)
International Cyclecar Company (1914)
International Harvester (1907–1980)
Inter-State (1909–1919)
Iroquois (1903–1907)

J

Jackson Automobile Company (1903–1923)
Jacquet Motor Corporation (1921)
Jaeger Motor Car Company (1932–1933)
James (1909–1911)
Janney Motor Company (1906)
Jarvis-Huntington (1912)
Jaxon Steam (1903)
Jeffery (1915–1917)
Jenkins (1907–1912)
Jersey City Machine Co. (1919–1920)
Argonne model
Jewell (1906–1907; Jewel 1908–1909)
Jewel Carriage Company (1909)
Jewett (1922–1927)
Johnson (1905–1912)
Jones (1914–1920)
Jones-Corbin (1903–1907)
Jonz (1909–1912)
Jordan (1916–1931)
J.P.L. Cyclecar Company (1913)
Julian (1918, 1925)
Junior R (1924)

K

Kaiser-Frazer Corporation (1945–1955; Kaiser Motors 1951–1955)
Kalamazoo (1908–1914)
Michigan model
Kane-Pennington^[when?]
Kansas City (1906–1908; Kansas City Wonder 1909)
Kato (1907–1913)
Kauffman (1909–1912)
K-D (1912–1913)
Kearns (1909–1916)
Keene Steamobile (1900–1901)
Keeton Motor Company (1912–1914)
Keller (1948–1950)
Kelsey (1897–1902, 1920–1924)
Kenmore (1910–1912)
Kensington (1899–1904)
Kent (1916–1917)
Kent's Pacemaker (1900)
Kenworthy (1920–1921)
Kermath Motor Car Company (1907–1908)
Kessler Motor Company (1920–1921; Kess-Line 8 1922)
Keystone (1899–1900)
Keystone (1900)
Keystone (1914–1915)
Kiblinger (1907–1909)
Kidder (1899–1903)
Kimball Electric (1910–1912)
King (1896, 1911–1923)
King Midget (1947–1970)
King-Remick (1910)
Kinner^[when?]
Kirk (1901–1905)
Yale model
Kissel (1906–1930)
Kleiber (1924–1929)
Kline Kar (1910–1923)
Klink (1907–1910)
Klock (1900–1901)
Knickerbocker (1901–1903)
Knox (1900–1914)
Koehler (1910–1912)
Komet (1911)
Konigslow^[when?]
Koppin Motor Company (1914)
Krastin Automobile Company (1901–1904), based in Cleveland Produced Krastin Gasoline Automobile (1901)
K-R-I-T Motor Car Company (1909–1915)
Krueger (1905–1906)
Kunz (1902–1905)
Kurtis (1949–1950, 1954–1955)
Kurtz-Automatic (1920–1925)

L

Laconia (1914)
Lad's Car (1912–1914)
LaFayette (1919–1924)
La Marne (1919–1921)
Lambert (1906–1917)
Lancamobile (1900–1901)
Lane (1900–1911)
Lanpher (1906–1916)
Lansden Electric (1901–1903, 1906–1910)
La Petite (1905)^[when?]
LaSalle (1927–1940)
La Salle-Niagara (1905–1906)
Laurel (1916–1920)
Lauth (1905; Lauth-Juergens 1908–1909)
L. C. Erbes (1915–1916)
L & E (1924–1934)
Leach (1899–1901)
Leach (1920–1923; Leach-Biltwell))
Leader (1905–1912)
LeBaron Incorporated (1924–1953)
Lende (1902–1909)
Lenox (1911–1917)
Lenox Electric^[when?]
Leon Rubay (1923)
Lescina (1916)
Lewis (1914–1916)
Lewis Motocycle (1895)
Lexington (1909–1927)
Liberty Motor Car Company (1916–1924)
Light Steamer (1901–1902)
Light Motor Car Company (1914)
Lincoln (1912–1913) (see also Sears Roebuck)
Lincoln Motor Car Company (1914)
Lindsley (1908–1909)
Lion Motor Car Company (1909–1912)
Liquid Air (1899–1902)
Little Motor Car Company (1911–1913)
Little Detroit Speedster (1913–1914)
Littlemac (1930–1932)
Local Motors (2007–2022)
Locke^[when?]
Locomobile (1899–1929)
Logan (1904–1908)
Logan (1903–1908)
Logan (cyclecars; 1914)
Lone Star (1919–1922)
Longest (1906)
Loomis (1900–1904)
Lordstown Motors (2018–2023)
Lorraine (1920–1922)
Los Angeles (1914)
Lowell-American (1908–1909)
Lozier Motor Company (1900–1918)
L.P.C.
LuLu (1914–1915)
Luverne (1904–1917)
Lyman (1904)
Lyman & Burnham (1903–1905)
Lyons-Knight (1913–1915)

M

Mackle-Thompson (1903)
Macomber (1913)
Macon (1915–1917)
Madison (1915–1919)
Magic^[when?]
Mahoning (1904–1905)
Maibohm (1916–1922)
Malcolm (1900)
Malcolm Jones (or Malcolm) (1914–1915)
Malden Steam (1898, 1902)
Manexall (1920)
'Cyclomobile' model
Manistee Motor Car Company (1910–1913)
Autoette model
Manta (1974–1986)
Marathon (1906–1914)
Marble-Swift (1903–1905)
Marion (1901)
Marion (1904–1915; Marion-Handley 1916–1918)
Marion Flyer (1910)
Marmon (1902–1933)
Marlboro (1900–1903)
Marquette (1912)
Marquette (1930)
Marr (1903–1904)
Marsh (1920–1923)
Martin (1898–1900)
Martin Wasp^[when?]
Marvel Motor Car Company (1907)
Maryland (1907–1910)
Maryland Steamer (1900–1901)
Mason (1898–1899)
Mason (1906–1914)
Massillon (1909)
Master (1907)
Matheson Motor Car Company (1903–1912)
Maxim Motor Tricycle (1895; Maxim-Goodridge Electric 1908)
Maxwell-Briscoe (1904–1913; Maxwell Motor Company 1913–1925)
Mayer (1899–1901)
Mayfair (1925)
Maytag-Mason (1910–1911)
McCue (1909–1911)
McCurdy (1922)
McFarlan (1909–1928)
McGill (1917)
McIntyre (1909–1915)
McKay Steamer (1899–1902)
Mecca (1915–1916)
Med-Bow^[when?]
Media (1899–1900)
Mel Special (1918–1924)
Menominee Electric Manufacturing Company (1915)
Mercer (1909–1919)
Mercury Cyclecar Company (1913–1914)
Mercury (1939–2011)
Merit Motor Company (1921–1922)
Merkel (1905–1907)
Merkur (1985–1989)
Merz (1914)
Meteor (1904–1905)
Metropol (1913–1914)
Metropolitan (1922–1923)
Metz (1909–1921)
Metzger (see Everitt)
Michigan Automobile Company (1901)
'Carter Steam' model
Michigan Automobile Company (1902)
Later renamed Clipper Automobile Company
Michigan Automobile Company (1903–1908)
Michigan Buggy Company (1908–1914)
Michigan Steamer (1901)
Michigan Yacht and Power Co. (1904- ?)
Middleby (1909–1913)
Midland (1908–1913)
Midwest^[when?]
Mier (1908–1909)
Milac (1916)
Milburn Electric (1915–1923)
Miller Car Company (1911–1914)
Mills (1876)
Milwaukee Steamer (1900–1902)
Minneapolis^[when?]
Mino (1914)
Mitchell (1903–1923)
Mitchell-Lewis (see Mitchell)
Mobile (1900–1903)
Model (1903–1907)
Modoc (1912–1914)
Mohawk (1903–1905)
Moline
Moline (1904–1913; Moline-Knight 1914–1919)
Moller (1920–1922)
Monarch Motor Car Company (1914–1917)
Mondex-Magic (1914–1915)
Monitor (1915–1922)
Monroe Motor Company (1914–1923)
Moon (1905–1930)
Mora Motor Car Company (1906–1911)
Morgan (1900–1902)
Morris & Salom (1895–1897)
Morriss-London (1919–1923)
Morse (1902)
Mosler Automotive (1985–2013)
Motor Bob (1914)
Motor Buggy (1908–1911)
Motorcar Company (1905–1907; Cartercar 1905–1915)
Motorette (1911–1914)
Moyea (1903–1904)
Moyer (1911–1915)
Mount Pleasant Motor Company (MPM) (1914–1915)
Mutual Motors Company (1916–1919)
Mueller (1896–1899; also Mueller-Benz) (see Mueller Co., which was founded by the same person)
Mueller Manufacturing Company (1893–1952)
Multiplex (1912–1913)
Muncie^[when?]
'Warner' model
Muntz (1950–1954)
Murdaugh (1901–1903)
Murray Motor Car Company (1916–1921; Murray-Mac 1921–1929)

N

Nance (1910–1912) Nance Motor Car Company [de]
Napier Motor Car Company of America (1904–1912)
Napoleon (1916–1919)
Nash Motors (1917–1957)
Nash-Healey (1951–1954)
National (1900–1924)
Nelson (E.A.) Motor Car Company (1917–1921)
Neustadt-Perry (1901–1908, 1915)
Also known as Neustadt.
New England Steamer (1898–1899)
New Era (1901–1902)
New Era (1916)
New Era (1933–1934)
New Home (1899–1901)
New York Car & Truck Company (1907–1910)
Allen Kingston model
Niagara (1903–1905)
Niagara Motor Vehicle Company (1902)
Nichols Shepard (1910–1911)
Nielson Motor Car Company (1906–1907)
Noble (1902)
Noma (1919–1923)
Northern Manufacturing Company (1902–1908)
Northway (1921–1922)
Northwestern
'Haase' and Logan models
Norton (1901–1902)
Norwalk Underslung (1910–1922)
Nu-Klea Automobile Corporation (1959–1960)
Nyberg (1911–1913)

O

Oakland Motor Car Company (1907–1931)
Oakman-Hertel (1899–1900)
Ogren (1915–1917, 1919–1923)
Ohio (1900–1902) (see Packard)
Ohio (1909–1912)
Ohio Electric Car Company (1910–1918)
Ohio Falls^[when?]
Okey (1896–1907)
Oldsmobile (1897–2004)
Olympian Motors Company (1917–1921)
Omaha (1899)
Omar (see Browniekar)
Only (1909–1913)
Orient (1899–1908)
Orlo (1904)
Ormond Steamer (1904–1905)
Orr (1915)
Orson (1910–1912)
Otto (1910–1911; Ottomobile 1912)
Otto-Kar (1902–1904)
Also known as Ottokar
Otto-mobile (1899)
Overholt^[when?]
Overland (1903–1926, 1939)
O-We-Go (1914)
Owen (1899–1901)
Owen Motor Car Company (1910–1911)
Owen Magnetic (1915–1922)
Owen Schoeneck^[when?]
Owen Thomas (1908–1910)
Oxford (1900)

P

Paccar (1905)
Pacific Motor Vehicle Company (1900–1904)
Packard (1895–1898)
Packard Motor Car Company (1899–1958)
Paige-Detroit (1908–1911; Paige 1911–1928; Graham-Paige 1928–1930)
Palmer (1905–1906)
Palmer-Singer (1908–1914)
Pan (1919–1921)
Panam (1902–1903)
Pan-American (1917–1922)
Paragon (1906)
Parenti (1920–1922)
Parry (1910; New Parry 1911–1912)
Parsons Electric (1905–1906)
Partin (1913; Partin-Palmer 1913–1917)
Paterson (W. A.) Company (1909–1923)
Pathfinder (1912–1917)
Pawtucket (1901–1902)
Payne-Modern (1907–1908)
Peerless (1900–1933)
Peerless Steam (1901)
Pence Automobile Company (circa 1905)
Penn (1901)
Penn (1908)
Penn (1910–1913)
Pennant (1924–1925)
Pennington (1894–1900)
Pennsy (1916–1918)
Pennsylvania (1907–1911)
People's (1900–1902)
Perfection (1907–1908)
Perfex (1912–1913)
Peter Pan (1914–1915)
Petrel (1909–1912) Petrel Motor Car Company [de]
Phelps (1903–1905)
Phianna (1917–1922)
Philadelphia Motor Vehicle Company (1900–1901)
Phillips (1980–198?)
Phipps-Grinnell (1911; Phipps Electric 1912)
Pickard (1909–1912)
Piedmont (1917–1922)
Pierce-Arrow (1900–1938)
Pierce-Racine (1904–1911)
Piggins (1908–1910)
Pilgrim (1911)
Pilgrim Motor Car Company (1915–1918)
Pilliod (1915–1916)
Pilot (1909–1924)
Pioneer (1907–1912)
Planche^[when?]
Plass (1897)
Playboy (1947–1951)
Plymouth (1910)
Plymouth (1928–2001)
Pneumobile (1914–1915)
Pomeroy (1920–1924)
Ponder (1923)
Renamed from Bour-Davis
Pontiac Spring and Wagon Works (1907–1908) became Cartercar
Pontiac (1926–2010)
Pope-Hartford (1904–1914)
Pope-Robinson (1903–1904)
Pope-Toledo (1903–1909)
Pope-Tribune (1904–1908)
Pope-Waverley (1903–1908)
Port Huron^[when?]
Havers model
Porter (1900–1901)
Porter (1919–1922)
Portland (1914)
Postal (1906–1908)
Powell (1930s–1960s)
Powell (1955–1956)
Powercar (1909–1911)
Pratt-Elkhart (1909–1911; Pratt 1911–1915)
Premier (1902–1926)
Premocar (1920–1923)
Prescott (1901–1905)
Primo (1910–1912)
Princess Motor Car Company (1914–1918)
Princess Cyclecar Company (1913–1914)
Prospect (1902, 1907–1908)
Pullman (1905–1917)
Pungs Finch (1904–1910)
Puritan (1902–1905)

Q

Queen (1904–1907)
Quick (1899–1900)
Quinby (1899)

R

Racine Motor Vehicle Company (1895–1896) Racine Motor Vehicle Company [de]
Railsbach (1914)
Rainier (1905–1911)
Raleigh (1921–1922)
Rambler (1900–1914)
Rambler (1958–1969)
Randall (1902–1903)
Ranger (1907–1910)
Rapid Motor Vehicle Company (1902–1909)
Rauch & Lang (1905–1932)
Also known as Raulang.
Rayfield (1911–1915)
R.C.H (1912–1915)
Read Motor Company (1913–1914)
Reading (1910–1913)
Reading Steamer (1901–1903)
Real Cyclecar (1914; Real Light Car 1914–1915)
Reber (1902–1903)
Red Bug (1924–1930)
Red Jacket (1904–1905)
Rees (1921)
Reeves (1896–1898, 1905–1912)
Regal Motor Car Company (1908–1918)
Regas (1903–1905)
Reliable Dayton (1906–1909)
Reliance Automobile Manufacturing Co (1904–1906)
Remington (1895, 1900–1904)
REO Motor Car Company (1905–1975)
Renaissance Cars Inc (1994–1997)
Also known as Zebra Motors Inc.
Republic (1910–1916)
ReVere (1918–1926)
Rex Motor Co (1914)
RiChard (1914–1919)
Richelieu (1922–1923)
Richmond (1902–1903)
Richmond (1904–1917)
Rickenbacker Motor Company (1922–1927)
Ricketts Automobile Co (1909–1911)
Riddle (1916–1926)
Rider-Lewis (1908–1911)
Riker Electric (1897–1902)
Ritz (1914–1915)
Riviera (1907)
R-O^[when?]
Roader (1911–1912)
Roamer (1916–1929)
Robe (1914–1915)
Robie Motor Car Co (1914)
Robinson (1900–1902)
Robson (1909)
Rochester (1901)
Rock Falls (1919–1925)
Rockne (1932–1933)
Rockway (1910–1911)
Rockwell (1910–1911)
Rodgers (1921)
Roebling-Planche (1909)
Rogers (1899–1900)
Steamobile model
Rogers Motor Car Co (1911–1912)
Rogers & Hanford (1899–1902)
Rollin (1924–1927)
Rolls-Royce (1921–1935)
Roosevelt (1929–1930)
Roper (1860–1896)
Ross Steamer (1905–1909)
Ross (1915–1918)
Rotary (1921–1923)
Royal Motor Company (1904–1911)
'Tourist' model
Rubay^[when?]
Rugby (1920s)
Rushmobile^[when?]
Russell (1903–1904)
Rutenber (1902)
Ruxton (1929–1930)
R&V Knight (1920–1924)

S

Saginaw (1914)
Saginaw Eight (1916)
Salisbury (1895)
Salter (1909–1915)
Salvador (1914; S-J-R 1915–1916)
Sampson (1904, 1911)
Sandusky (1902–1904)
Santos Dumont (1902–1904)
Saturn (1991–2010)
Saxon Motor Car Company (1913–1923)
Sayers (1917–1924)
Schacht (1904–1913)
Schaum (1901–1905)
Schoening (1895)
'Kerosine Carriage' model
Scott (1900–1901, 1903)
Scott-Newcomb (1920–1921)
Standard Steam Car model
Scripps-Booth Corporation (1913–1923)
Searchmont (1900–1903)
Sears (1905–1915)
Sebring (1910–1912)
Sekine (1923)
Selden (1907–1914)
Sellers (1909–1912)
Senator (1912)
Seneca (1917–1924)
Serpentina (1915)
Serrifile (1921–1922)
Seven Little Buffaloes (1909)
Severin (1920–1921)
S.G.V. (1911–1915)
Shad-Wyck (1917–1923)
Shain^[when?]
Sharon (1915)
Sharp (1908–1910)
'Arrow' model
Shawmobile (1908–1930)
Shawmut (1906–1908)
Shay (1979–1982)
Shelby (1903)
Sheridan (1920–1921)
Shoemaker (1906–1908)
Sibley (1910–1911)
Signet (1913–1914) 'Fenton' model
Silent-Knight (1905–1907)
Silent Sioux^[when?]
'Fawick Flyer' model
Silver-Knight^[when?]
'Silver' model
Simplex (1907–1919)
Simplicity (1907–1911)
Simplo (1908–1909)
Sinclair-Scott (1904–circa 1907)
Singer (1914–1920)
Single Center (1906–1908)
Sintz (1899–1904)
Skelton (1920–1922)
Skene (1900–1901)
Skorpion (1952–1954)
S & M Motor Company [de] (1913)
Small Motor Car Company (1910)
Smith Automobile Company (1902–1917)
Renamed to Great Smith for 1907–1911
Smith & Mabley^[when?]
Also known as S&M Simplex
Smith Flyer (1915–1919)
Snyder (1908–1909)
Sommer (1904–1905)
Soules Motor Car Company (1905–1908)
Southern (1908–1909)
Southern Motor Car Co (1908–1910)
'Dixie Junior' and 'Dixie Tourist' models.
Sovereign (1906–1907)
Spacke (1919)
Spaulding (1902–1903)
Spaulding (1910–1916)
Speedway (1904–1905)
Speedwell (1907–1914)
Spencer (1921–1922)
Spencer Steamer (1862, 1901–1902)
Sphinx (1914–1916)
Spoerer (1908–1914)
Springer (1903–1905)
Springfield (1900–1901)
Steam cars
Springfield (1903–1905)
Sprite (1914)
Squier (1899)
Stafford (1908–1915)
Stammobile (1900–1901)
Standard (1904–1908)
Standard (1912–1923)
Standard Six (1909–1910)
Standard Steel Car Company (1912–1923)
Standard Electrique (1911–1915)
Also known as Standard Electric
Standard Steam Car (1920–1921)
Stanley (1907–1910)
Stanley Steamer (1897–1927)
Stanley Whitney (1899)
Stanton (1900–1901)
Stanwood (1920–1922)
Star (1908–1909)
Star (1922–1928)
Starin (1903–1904)
States (1916–1918)
Staver (1907–1914)
Steamobile (1900–1902)
Stearns (1898–1911)
Became Stearns-Knight for 1912–1929.
Stearns Electric (1899–1903)
Renamed to Stearns Steamer for 1901–1903
Steco (1914)
Steel Swallow (1907–1908)
Stephens (1917–1924)
Sterling Steamer (1901–1902)
Sterling (1909–1911)
Sterling (1915–1916)
Sterling-Knight (1920–1926)
Stevens-Duryea (1901–1915,1919–1927)
Stewart-Coats (1922)
Stickney Motorette (1914)
Stilson (1907–1909)
St. Joe (1908)
St. Louis (1899–1907)
Stoddard-Dayton (1904–1913)
Storck Steamer (1901–1902)
Storms Electric (1915)
Stout Motor Car Company (1932–1946)
Strathmore (1899–1901)
Stratton (1909)
Streator (1905–1911)
Originally called Erie Motor Carriage Co.
Halladay model.
Stringer (1899–1902)
Strobel & Martin^[when?]
Strong & Rogers Electric (1900–1901)
Strouse^[when?]
Also known as S.R.K.
Studebaker (1902–1963)
Studebaker-Garford (1903–1911)
Studebaker-Packard Corporation (1954–1962)
Studillac (1953–1955)
Sturges Electric^[when?]
Sturtevant (1905–1907)
Stutz Motor Car Company (1911–1935)
Stutz Motor Car of America (1968–1987)
Stuyvesant (1911–1912)
Suburban (1911–1912)
Success (1906–1909)
Sultan (1908–1912)
Summit (1907–1909)
Sun (1916–1917, 1921–1922)
Sunset (1900–1913)
Synnestvedt Electric (1904–1905)
Syracuse (1899–1903)

T

Tarkington (1922–1923)
Taunton (1901–1903)
Steam cars
Templar (1917–1924)
Templeton-Dubrie (1910)
Terraplane (1932–1939)
Terwilliger (1904)
Empire Steamer model
Texan (1920–1922)
Thomas (1902–1919)
Thomas-Detroit (1906–1908)
Thompson (1901–1907)
Steam cars
Thresher Electric (1900)
Tiffany Electric (1913–1914)
Tiger (1914–1915)
Tincher (1903–1909)
Tinker & Piper Steam (1899)
Tinkham (1898–1899)
Toledo (1901–1903)
Tonawanda^[when?]
Torbensen (1902–1906)
Touraine (1912–1916)
Tourist (1902–1910)
Tractobile (1900–1902)
Trask-Detroit (1922–1923)
Traveler (1907–1908)
Trebert (1907–1908)
Trimoto (1900–1901)
Also known as Tri-Motor
Trinity Steamer^[when?]
Triumph (1907–1912)
Trumbull (1914–1915)
Tucker (1946–1949)
Tulsa (1918–1922)
Twentieth Century Motor Car Corporation (1974–1978)
Twin City (1914)
Twombly (1913–1915)
Twyford (1899–1902, 1904–1907)

U

US Automobile (1899–1901)
Union (1902–1905)
Union Sales Company [de] (1911–1912)
United (1919–1920)
United States (1899–1903)
Electric cars
United States Long Distance^[when?]
United States Motor Company (1910–1913)
Unito (1908–1910)
Universal (1914)
Upton Machine Company (1902–1903)
Upton Motor Company (1905–1907)

V

Van (1911–1912)
Van Wagoner (1899–1903)
Vaughn (1909)
V.E. (1901–1906)
Also known as V.E.C. Electric
Vector (1971–1999, 2006–2010)
Velie (1908–1929)
Vernon (Able 8; 1918–1921)
Victor (1905–1911)
Victor Page Motors Corp (1921–1924)
Victor Steamer (1899–1903)
Previously Overman Steam (1895–1898)
Victormobile (1900–1901)
'Steamer' model
Victory (1920–1921)
Viking (1907–1908)
Viking (1929–1931)
Virginian (1911–1912)
Vixen (1914–1916)
Vulcan (1913–1915)

W

Waco (1915–1917)
Wagenhals (1910–1915)
Wahl (1913–1914)
Waldron (1908–1911)
Walker Motor Car Company (1905–1906)
Wall (1900–1903)
Walter (1902–1909)(1905–1909)
Waltham Steam (1898–1902)
Waltham Manufacturing Co (1899–1910)
'Orient' model
Walworth (1904–1905)
Ward (1913–1914)
Ward Electric (1914–1916)
Ware Steam Wagon (1861–1867)
Warren (1910–1913)
Warwick (1901–1905)
Washington (1921–1924)
Wasp (1919–1924)
Waterloo (1903–1905)
Watrous (1905)
Watt (1910)
Waukesha (1906–1910)
Waverley Electric (1898–1903, 1909–1916)
Webb Jay (1908)
Weidely Motor Company (1915–1917)
Welch Motor Car Company (1901–1911)
Westcott (1909–1925)
Westfield (1901–1903)
W.F.S. (1911–1912)
Whaley-Henriette (1898–1900)
Wharton (1922–1923)
Wheeler Manufacturing Company (1904)
Whippet (1927–1931)
White Motor Company (1900–1918)
White Star (1909–1911)
Whiting Motor Car Co (1910–1912)
Whitmore, M.C. Co (1914)
Arrow Cyclecar model
Whitney (1896–1900)
Wilcox (1909–1910)
Wildman (1902)
Wills (C. H.) and Company (1921–1927)
Willys (1916–1918, 1930–1942, 1953–1963)
Willys-Knight (1914–1933)
Willys-Overland (1912–1953)
Wilson (1903–1905)
Windsor (1929–1930)
Wing (1922)
Winther (1921–1923)
Winton (1896–1924)
Wolfe (1907–1909)
Wolverine (1904–1906)
Wolverine (1927–1928)
Woodill (1952–1956)
Woodruff (1902–1904)
Woods Electric (1899–1916)
Renamed to Woods Dual Power for 1917–1918
Woods Mobilette (1913–1916)
Worth (J.M.) Gas Engine Manufacturing Co (1902)
Worth (1906–1910)

X

Xander (1901–1902)

Y

Yale (1916–1918)
Yellow Cab Manufacturing Company (1920–1925)
Yellow Coach Manufacturing Company (1923–1943)

Z

Zehr (1912–1915)
Zent (1900–1902, 1904–1906)
Zentmobile (1903)
Zimmer Motorcars (1978–1988)
Zimmerman (1908–1915)
Zip (1913–1914)

Notes

↑ Kimes and Clark, p. 11
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Clymer, Floyd. Treasury of Early American Automobiles, 1877–1925 (New York: Bonanza Books, 1950), p. 190.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 Clymer, p. 210.
↑ Clymer, p. 205; Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 18
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Flory, J. "Kelly", Jr. American Cars 1946–1959 (Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Coy, 2008), p. 1016.
↑ "Allen Touring Car 37 Fiche Info 1916". www.plandegraissage.org. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
↑ "The Allen Automobile & The Allen Iron & Steel Company". american-automobiles.com. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
↑ "Flyer". www.bessermuseum.org. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
↑ Kimes, p. 29
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 Clymer, p. 205.
↑ "Another Flash In The Pan….The Shaw". www.theoldmotor.com. July 20, 2011. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Clymer, p. 170.
↑ "American Motor Company". Horseless vehicles, automobiles, motor cycles operated by steam, hydro-carbon, electric and pneumatic motors : a practical treatise for ... everyone interested in the development, use and care of the automobile, including a special chapter on how to build an electric cab, with detail drawings / by Gardner D. Hiscox. January 1, 1900. Retrieved March 15, 2025.
↑ "The American Automobile & The American Motors Corporation". www.american-automobiles.com. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
↑ Clymer, p. 31.
↑ "F.A. Ames Co., Ames Body Corp., Ames Speedster, Ames Buggy Co., Carriage Woodstock Co., Ford Model T, Ames Motor Car Co". www.coachbuilt.com. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
1 2 Kimes, p. 47
↑ "Anderson Carriage Manufacturing Co". Michigan manufacturer & financial record v.2 no.33 1910. January 1, 1910. Retrieved December 21, 2025.
↑ "Anderson Carriage Manufacturing Co". Michigan manufacturer & financial record v.2 no.33 1910. January 1, 1910. Retrieved December 21, 2025.
↑ "Anderson Carriage Manufacturing Co". Michigan manufacturer & financial record v.2 no.33 1910. January 1, 1910. Retrieved December 21, 2025.
↑ Clymer, p. 205; Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 19
1 2 3 4 5 Clymer, pp. 170-171.
↑ Kimes, p. 50
↑ Kimes, p. 57
↑ Clymer, pp. 23, 205.
1 2 3 Kimes, p. 74
↑ Clymer, pp. 178, 205.
↑ Clymer, pp. 153, 205.
1 2 3 Clymer, pp. 190, 205.
↑ Clymer, pp. 38, 205.
↑ "Beggs Model 7-R". Cycle and automobile trade journal v. 25 (Apr.-June 1921). June 1, 1921. Retrieved December 6, 2025.
↑ Clymer, p. 193.
↑ Clymer, p. 115.
↑ Clymer, pp. 5, 61, 205.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 Clymer, p. 23.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 Clymer, p. 206.
↑ Clymer, pp. 5, 190.
1 2 3 Clymer, p. 178.
1 2 Suman-Hreblay, Marián (2000). Automobile Manufacturers Worldwide Registry. McFarland. p. 56. ISBN 9781476611402. Retrieved February 4, 2018.
↑ Clymer, pp. 16, 170, 206.
↑ Clymer, pp. 23, 206. One of three companies by this name.
↑ "Canoo Files for Bankruptcy, Ending Its Dream of Funky EV Vans". Retrieved February 26, 2025.
1 2 Clymer, p. 153.
↑ Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 252
↑ Clymer, pp. 22, 178.
↑ Clymer, pp. 25, 206.
↑ Clymer, p. 178. Built in Little Rock, Arkansas.
1 2 3 Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 331
↑ Clipper Division, Studebaker-Packard Corp.; Packard, A History of the Motor Car and the Company (General edition), Beverly Rae Kimes, editor (1978), "Automobile Quarterly", ISBN 0-915038-11-0
↑ Triumph and Tragedy: The Last Real Packards by Richard M. Langworth, in Collectible Automobile, September 1984 issue; pp. 6-25; (ISSN 0742-812X)
↑ Clymer, p. 87.
↑ Clymer, p. 104.
1 2 Clymer, p. 63.
↑ Clymer, p. 145.
↑ Clymer, p. 67.
↑ "Electric car for the average Joe not far away". Wheels.ca. September 14, 2012. Retrieved August 9, 2014.
↑ Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 357
↑ Clymer, p. 158.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 Clymer, p. 209.
↑ Clymer, pp. 170, 206.
↑ Clymer, pp. 190, 206.
↑ Clymer, pp. 158, 206. One of two companies by this name.
↑ Clymer, p. 178. Named for the horse, built in Minneapolis.
↑ Clymer, p. 93. Built in St. Louis, Missouri.
1 2 Clymer, pp. 5, 206.
↑ Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 403
↑ Kimes & Clark 1985, pp. 403–404
↑ Kimes & Clark 1985, pp. 404–405
↑ Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 405
↑ Kimes & Clark 1985, pp. 405–406
↑ Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 406
↑ Clymer, p. 206. Distinct from the tractor.
↑ Clymer, pp. 190, 206. Built in Cleveland.
↑ Clymer, p. 178. Built in Indiana. Distinct from DeSoto.
↑ Clymer, p. 178. Distinct from DeSoto Motor Car Company.
↑ Clymer, pp. 38, 205. Offered an electric phaeton before 1916.
↑ Clymer, p. 206. Distinct from Diamond T.
↑ Clymer, p. 206. Tourist was a model.
1 2 Clymer, p. 5.
↑ Clymer, p. 206. By Alberto Santos-Dumont
↑ Clymer, p. 206. Founder was later the author of Dyke's Automobile and Gasoline Engine Encyclopedia.
↑ Conceived by Buckminster Fuller.
↑ "Eagle-Macomber". Gas review v.8(1915). March 1, 1915. Retrieved April 2, 2026.
↑ "Eagle-Macomber". Gas review v.8(1915). March 1, 1915. Retrieved April 2, 2026.
↑ "Eagle-Macomber". Gas review v.8(1915). March 1, 1915. Retrieved April 2, 2026.
↑ Clymer, p. 153. Built in Wisconsin, distinct from the Michigan company.
↑ Clymer, p. 190. Steam and electric cars, built in Cleveland.
↑ Clymer, p. 206. No connection to Eaton's.
↑ Clymer, p. 38.
↑ Clymer, p. 206. No connection to Electric Launch Company.
↑ Clymer, pp. 23, 207. Johnson model. Distinct from the Elite steam automobile company.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 Clymer, p. 207.
1 2 Clymer, pp. 170–171, 207.
↑ Clymer, p. 104. Built in Cincinnati, Ohio.
↑ Clymer, p. 207. Later Halladay or Streator, eventually Barley.
↑ Clymer, p. 190. Car and truck maker, based in Cleveland.
↑ Clymer, p. 104. Built in Chicago.
↑ "Early American Automobiles 1904 Models". Retrieved October 5, 2014.
↑ Scriven, Hayes (March 19, 2008). "Northfield, a town with a past" (PDF). p. 11. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 4, 2012.
↑ "Fisker's final drive: bankruptcy judge clears liquidation path, but SEC investigation looms large". Retrieved February 26, 2025.
↑ Clymer, p. 166.
↑ Clymer, p. 40.
1 2 3 4 Kimes and Clark, Standard Catalog, p. 574.
↑ Kimes and Clark, Standard Catalog, p. 574. Not counting the Blair-Forth, of 1908.
↑ Kimes and Clark, Standard Catalog, pp. 574-575. Not counting the Blair-Forth, of 1908.
↑ Kimes and Clark, Standard Catalog, p. 575.
1 2 Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 1289
↑ Clymer, p. 16.
↑ Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 593
1 2 Clymer, p. 190. Cars and trucks, built in Cleveland.
↑ Clymer, p. 51.
↑ Kimes and Clark (1996), p. 625.
↑ Clymer, p. 207. Distinct from the Gearless steamer.
↑ Made by the multinational as experimental models.
↑ Clymer, p. 207. Distinct from the multinational.
↑ Clymer, pp. 23, 190. Gasoline and steam.
↑ Flory, p. 1016, credits them only for 1950.
↑ Clymer, p. 207. Supposedly from Atlanta, Georgia.
↑ Clymer, p. 190. Cars and trucks, built in Cleveland 1916–1922.
↑ Clymer, pp. 14, 22.
1 2 Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 1447
↑ Clymer, p. 207. One of two companies by this name.
1 2 Clymer, p. 190. Truck maker, based in Cleveland.
↑ Clymer, pp. 170, 190.
↑ Schwarzkopf, E.E. (1910). Automobile Topics. Vol. 19. p. 1456. Retrieved December 5, 2019. (Google books)
↑ Sherron, Chas. B. (1907). American Vehicle: Devoted to the Interests of the Vehicle and Accessory Trades. Vol. 20. p. 26. Retrieved December 5, 2019. Google books: (Automobile Notes)
↑ Clymer, p. 170. No relation to the school.
↑ "Indiana Truck History Report". Archived from the original on July 25, 2015. Retrieved October 5, 2014.
↑ Kimes & Clark 1985, pp. 652, 761
↑ Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 682 Distinct from Hatfield Motor Vehicle Company and the Hatfield Company truck manufacturer.
1 2 Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 1524
↑ Clymer, p. 23. An air-cooled, built in Wisconsin, sold for US$2000.
↑ Clymer, p. 112.
↑ Clymer, p. 207. Distinct from Hewitt-Lindstrom.
↑ "Hewitt". Hand book of automobiles (1906). January 15, 1906. Retrieved March 10, 2025.
↑ Clymer, pp. 23, 190. Steam and gasoline, based in Cleveland.
↑ Distinct from the Australian company.
↑ Clymer, p. 207. Distinct from Holley.
1 2 Clymer, pp. 23, 207.
1 2 Clymer, pp. 5, 23.
↑ Clymer, pp. 170, 207.
↑ Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 742
↑ Kimes & Clark 1985, pp. 769, 1407 In Boston.
1 2 Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 769 In New York City.
↑ Clymer, p. 207; Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 769
↑ Clymer, p. 23; Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 769. In Toledo, Ohio.
↑ Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 769 In Buffalo, New York.
1 2 Clymer, pp. 18, 23.
↑ Clymer, pp. 23, 153. Built in Wisconsin.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 Clymer, p. 208.
↑ "Jones-Corbin". Cycle and automobile trade journal v. 7 (Jan.-Mar. 1903). January 1, 1903. Retrieved December 8, 2025.
↑ Clymer, p. 208. Not to be confused with Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
↑ Clymer, p. 53. Also sold commercial vans of 1, 2, 3, & 6 tons.
↑ Clymer, p. 131.
↑ Clymer, p. 208. One of three companies by this name.
↑ Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 769
↑ Flory, pp. 1011–12.
↑ Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 774
↑ Clymer, p. 158. Based in Toledo, Ohio.
↑ Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 782
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Clymer, p. 190. Based in Cleveland.
1 2 3 Clymer, p. 153. Built in Wisconsin.
↑ Clymer, p. 208. Electrette was a model.
↑ Clymer, p. 208. Distinct from LaSalle.
↑ Clymer, p. 208. Distinct from Lewis Motocycle.
1 2 3 Horseless Age 1895.
↑ Clymer, p. 8. A four-wheeler, despite the name.
↑ Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 828
↑ Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 635
↑ Clymer, p. 90. Before 1912, the cars were called Sears.
↑ Kimes & Clark 1985, pp. 859–860
1 2 Kimes & Clark 1975, p. 1004
↑ began with steam autos
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Clymer, p. 22.
↑ Standard Catalogue of American Cars, p. 890
↑ Clymer, pp. 190, 208. Based in Cleveland.
↑ Clymer, p. 208. Distinct from the Mason steamer.
↑ Clymer, p. 93. Built in Waterloo, Iowa.
↑ Clymer, p. 84.
↑ Clymer, p. 153. Built in Wisconsin by Joe Merkel, who later built the Merkel Motorcycle.
↑ Clymer, p. 23. Distinct from the Meteor steamer and the Ford division.
↑ Clymer, p. 208. Distinct from the Nash
↑ Clymer, p. 145. Built in Waltham, Massachusetts.
1 2 Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 929
↑ "Michigan Yacht and Power Co". The Motor world v.7 1903/04. January 28, 1904. Retrieved October 27, 2025.
↑ Clymer, p. 93. Built in Moline, Illinois.
↑ Clymer, pp. 36, 153. Built in Racine, Wisconsin.
↑ Clymer, p. 57.
↑ Clymer, p. 208. One of two companies by this name, distinct from Moline-Knight.
↑ "Mora Motor Car Company". Motor age v.17 1910 Jan-Jun. January 1, 1910. Retrieved January 8, 2026.
↑ Clymer, p. 208. Not to be confused with Moggie.
↑ Clymer, pp. 22. 208.
↑ Lewis, Mary Beth. "Ten Best First Facts", in Car and Driver, 1/88, p. 92.
↑ "Mueller Manufacturing Company". Horseless vehicles, automobiles, motor cycles operated by steam, hydro-carbon, electric and pneumatic motors : a practical treatise for ... everyone interested in the development, use and care of the automobile, including a special chapter on how to build an electric cab, with detail drawings / by Gardner D. Hiscox. January 1, 1900. Retrieved March 15, 2025.
↑ Flory, p. 1016, dates it to 1950.
↑ "Nance Touraine". Cycle and automobile trade journal v. 16 (Jan.-Mar. 1912). January 15, 1912. Retrieved March 7, 2026 – via hathitrust.
↑ Clymer, pp. 170, 178. Built in Traverse City, Michigan.
↑ Not to be confused with the producers of the Ruxton.
↑ Clymer, pp. 170–171, 208.
↑ Clymer, p. 208. Often misspelled as Neilson.
1 2 3 Kimes & Clark 1975, p. 1003
↑ Clymer, p. 208. Not to be confused with the motorcycle.
↑ Kimes & Clark 1975, p. 1005
↑ Clymer, p. 153. Built in Milwaukee.
↑ Catalog of American Cars 1805–1945 (1985), p. 1013
↑ Clymer, pp. 170, 209.
1 2 3 Clymer, pp. 190, 209. Based in Cleveland.
↑ Clymer, pp. 190, 209. Based in Cleveland. Distinct from Owen Magnetic.
↑ Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 1063 Built in Salem, Mass.; 1 gasoline & 2 electric cars
↑ Clymer, p. 102. Built in Indianapolis, Indiana.
↑ Clymer, p. 151. Built in Chicago.
↑ Standard Catalogue of American Cars, p. 1125
↑ Clymer, p. 42.
1 2 3 Standard Catalogue of American Cars, p. 1126
↑ Clymer, pp. 6, 153.
↑ Clymer, pp. 5, 178, 190. Cars and trucks, built in Cleveland.
↑ Clymer, p. 153. Friction-drive, built in Wisconsin.
↑ "Petrel". Cycle and automobile trade journal v. 16 (Jan.-Mar. 1912). January 15, 1912. Retrieved March 6, 2026.
↑ "Philadelphia Motor Vehicle Company". The Motor way v.4-5 1901. January 1, 1901. Retrieved October 12, 2026.
↑ Freund, Klaus, ed. (August 1981). Auto Katalog 1982 (in German). Vol. 25. Stuttgart: Vereinigte Motor-Verlage GmbH & Co. KG. p. 165.
↑ Clymer, p. 209. Distinct from the GM division.
↑ Clymer, pp. 13, 23.
↑ Clymer, p. 209. Distinct from Porter Motor Company.
↑ Flory, p. 1016. Distinct from Powell Manufacturing Company?
↑ Clymer, p. 209. Distinct from the pickup.
↑ Clymer, p. 190. Cars & trucks, based in Cleveland.
↑ "R.C.H." Cycle and automobile trade journal v. 16 (Jan.-Mar. 1912). January 15, 1912. Retrieved March 3, 2026.
↑ Clymer, p. 149.
↑ Clymer, p. 209. Distinct from Reading Steamer.
↑ Clymer, p. 209. Said to be the cheapest car ever built.
↑ Clymer, pp. 122-124. Producer of four-axle Octoauto and twin rear axle Sextoauto in Columbus, Indiana.
↑ Clymer, p. 209. 1895 car produced by Remington Arms Company.
↑ "Renaissance Cars Inc. / Zebra Motors Inc". Retrieved September 3, 2014.
↑ Clymer, pp. 22, 209.
↑ Clymer, pp. 23, 209.
↑ Clymer, p. 209. Distinct from Rogers Steamobile. One of three companies by this name.
↑ Rolls-Royce
↑ Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 1273
↑ Clymer, p. 8. A tricycle.
↑ Clymer, p. 209. Also known as Dumont.
↑ Clymer, p. 8.
↑ Clymer, pp. 90, 209.
↑ Clymer, p. 209. Distinct from Chrysler Sebring.
↑ Clymer, p. 5. Built in Buffalo, New York.
↑ Clymer, p. 88. Built by William H. Sharp.
↑ "Shay Model A Roadster". shayhistory.com. Archived from the original on March 23, 2010. Retrieved February 4, 2018.
↑ Dixie Junior and Dixie Tourist (1908-1910- Retrieved October 28, 2018
↑ The Horseless Age: The Automobile Trade Magazine, Volume 22- Retrieved October 28, 2018
↑ Clymer, p. 210. Unrelated to the steam car company.
↑ Clymer, pp. 23, 210.
↑ "Spoerer". Cycle and automobile trade journal v. 16 (Jan.-Mar. 1912). January 15, 1912. Retrieved March 7, 2026 – via hathitrust.
↑ Clymer, p. 210. One of two companies with this name.
↑ Clymer, p. 210. Distinct from Stanley Motor Carriage Company.
↑ Clymer, p. 210. Distinct from Stearns (automobile).
↑ Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 512
↑ Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 1351
↑ Clymer, p. 210. One of three companies by this name.
↑ Clymer, pp. 23, 210. Steam cars. One of three companies by this name.
↑ Production was continued in Canada until 1966.
↑ Flory, p. 1016. Fitting Cadillac V8s into Studebakers was common in the 1950s, under the nickname Studillac, as well as into Fords as Fordillacs; it appears Flory has mistaken it.
↑ Clymer, pp. 38, 210.
↑ Clymer, p. 210. Not to be confused with models from Dodge, Plymouth, Studebaker, Nash Motors, Chevrolet, or GMC.
↑ Clymer, p. 52.
↑ Clymer, p. 210. Unrelated to Summit Racing Equipment.
↑ Clymer, p. 190, locates them in Cleveland.
↑ Clymer, pp. 170, 210.
↑ Kimes & Clark 1985, pp. 1417–1419
↑ Kimes & Clark 1985, pp. 1423–1424
↑ Kimes & Clark 1985, pp. 1463, 45
↑ Clymer, p. 22; Kimes & Clark 1985, pp. 769, 1472
↑ Clymer, p. 210. Unrelated to Triumph Motor Company sportscars or Triumph Engineering Co Ltd motorcycles.
↑ "Union Sales Company". Cycle and automobile trade journal v. 16 (Jan.-Mar. 1912). January 15, 1912. Retrieved March 3, 2026.
↑ Clymer, p. 210. Distinct from the Victor steam cars.
↑ "Victor". Gas review v. 2 (1909). January 1, 1909. Retrieved March 25, 2026.
↑ "The Victor Page Automobile & The Victor W. Page Corp". www.american-automobiles.com. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
↑ Kimes, Beverly R. (editor), and Clark, Henry A. The Standard Catalog of American Cars 1805–1945. Krause Publications, 1985, p. 1455. ISBN 0-87341-045-9.
↑ Clymer, p. 135. Built in Painesville, Ohio.
↑ "Wagenhals". They built a city; 150 years of industrial Cincinnati / compiled and written by the Cincinnati Federal Writers' Project of the Works Progress Administration in Ohio; James Garfield Stewart, mayor of Cincinnati, cooperating sponsor. January 1, 1938. Retrieved July 7, 2026.
↑ Detroit-based builder of "generic" cars without badges so dealers could badge them as desired. Clymer, p.146.
↑ "Walter Automobile Company". Hand book of automobiles (1906). January 15, 1906. Retrieved March 13, 2025.
↑ Clymer, p. 210. Distinct from Ward (electric automobile company).
↑ Clymer, p. 210. Distinct from Ward (automobile company).
↑ Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 1491
↑ Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 1519
1 2 Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 1521

Sources

Automobile Quarterly (eds.). The American Car Since 1775. Kutztown, PA: Automobile Quarterly, Inc., 1971. ISBN 0-525-05300-X
Bird, Anthony and Douglas-Scott Montagu of Beaulieu, Edward: Steam Cars, 1770–1970, Littlehampton Book Services Ltd., 1971. ISBN 0-304-93707-X: ISBN 978-0-304-93707-3
Clymer, Floyd. Treasury of Early American Automobiles, 1877–1925. New York: Bonanza Books, 1950.
Clymer, Floyd and Gahagan, Harry W.: Floyd Clymer's Steam Car Scrapbook, Literary Licensing, LLC, 2012. ISBN 1-258-42699-4; ISBN 978-1-258-42699-6
Georgano, Nick (Ed.). The Beaulieu Encyclopedia of the Automobile. Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn, 2000. ISBN 1-57958-293-1
Evans, Richard J.: Steam Cars (Shire Album), Shire Publications Ltd (booklet) 1985. ISBN 0-85263-774-8; ISBN 978-0-85263-774-6
Headfield, John: American Steam-Car Pioneers: A Scrapbook (1st edition). Newcomen Society in North, 1984. ISBN 9994065904; ISBN 978-9994065905
Kimes, Beverly R.; Clark, Henry A. (1975). The Standard Catalog of American Cars 1805–1945. Krause Publications. ISBN 0-87341-111-0.
Kimes, Beverly R.; Clark, Henry A. (1985). The Standard Catalog of American Cars 1805–1945. Krause Publications. ISBN 0-87341-045-9.
Kimes, Beverly R.; Clark, Henry A. (1996). The Standard Catalog of American Cars 1805–1942 (3rd ed.). Iola, Wisconsin: Krause. ISBN 0-87341-428-4.
Kirsch, David A.: The Electric Vehicle and the Burden of History. Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick NJ and London, 2000. ISBN 0-8135-2809-7

[1] Kimes and Clark, p. 11

[:2-2] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Clymer, Floyd. Treasury of Early American Automobiles, 1877–1925 (New York: Bonanza Books, 1950), p. 190.

[clymer210-3] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 Clymer, p. 210.

[4] Clymer, p. 205; Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 18

[Flory,_p.1016-5] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Flory, J. "Kelly", Jr. American Cars 1946–1959 (Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Coy, 2008), p. 1016.

[6] "Allen Touring Car 37 Fiche Info 1916". www.plandegraissage.org. Retrieved May 10, 2019.

[7] "The Allen Automobile & The Allen Iron & Steel Company". american-automobiles.com. Retrieved May 10, 2019.

[8] "Flyer". www.bessermuseum.org. Retrieved May 10, 2019.

[9] Kimes, p. 29

[clymer205-10] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 Clymer, p. 205.

[11] "Another Flash In The Pan….The Shaw". www.theoldmotor.com. July 20, 2011. Retrieved May 10, 2019.

[Clymer,_p.170-12] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Clymer, p. 170.

[13] "American Motor Company". Horseless vehicles, automobiles, motor cycles operated by steam, hydro-carbon, electric and pneumatic motors : a practical treatise for ... everyone interested in the development, use and care of the automobile, including a special chapter on how to build an electric cab, with detail drawings / by Gardner D. Hiscox. January 1, 1900. Retrieved March 15, 2025.

[14] "The American Automobile & The American Motors Corporation". www.american-automobiles.com. Retrieved May 10, 2019.

[15] Clymer, p. 31.

[16] "F.A. Ames Co., Ames Body Corp., Ames Speedster, Ames Buggy Co., Carriage Woodstock Co., Ford Model T, Ames Motor Car Co". www.coachbuilt.com. Retrieved May 10, 2019.

[Kimes,_p.47-17] 1 2 Kimes, p. 47

[18] "Anderson Carriage Manufacturing Co". Michigan manufacturer & financial record v.2 no.33 1910. January 1, 1910. Retrieved December 21, 2025.

[19] "Anderson Carriage Manufacturing Co". Michigan manufacturer & financial record v.2 no.33 1910. January 1, 1910. Retrieved December 21, 2025.

[20] "Anderson Carriage Manufacturing Co". Michigan manufacturer & financial record v.2 no.33 1910. January 1, 1910. Retrieved December 21, 2025.

[21] Clymer, p. 205; Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 19

[Clymer,_p.170-1-22] 1 2 3 4 5 Clymer, pp. 170-171.

[23] Kimes, p. 50

[24] Kimes, p. 57

[25] Clymer, pp. 23, 205.

[:1-26] 1 2 3 Kimes, p. 74

[27] Clymer, pp. 178, 205.

[28] Clymer, pp. 153, 205.

[:5-29] 1 2 3 Clymer, pp. 190, 205.

[30] Clymer, pp. 38, 205.

[31] "Beggs Model 7-R". Cycle and automobile trade journal v. 25 (Apr.-June 1921). June 1, 1921. Retrieved December 6, 2025.

[32] Clymer, p. 193.

[33] Clymer, p. 115.

[34] Clymer, pp. 5, 61, 205.

[clymer23-35] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 Clymer, p. 23.

[clymer206-36] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 Clymer, p. 206.

[37] Clymer, pp. 5, 190.

[Clymer,_p.178-38] 1 2 3 Clymer, p. 178.

[Suman-39] 1 2 Suman-Hreblay, Marián (2000). Automobile Manufacturers Worldwide Registry. McFarland. p. 56. ISBN 9781476611402. Retrieved February 4, 2018.

[40] Clymer, pp. 16, 170, 206.

[Clymer_pp.23_&_206-41] Clymer, pp. 23, 206. One of three companies by this name.

[42] "Canoo Files for Bankruptcy, Ending Its Dream of Funky EV Vans". Retrieved February 26, 2025.

[:3-43] 1 2 Clymer, p. 153.

[44] Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 252

[45] Clymer, pp. 22, 178.

[46] Clymer, pp. 25, 206.

[47] Clymer, p. 178. Built in Little Rock, Arkansas.

[Kimes1985p331-48] 1 2 3 Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 331

[49] Clipper Division, Studebaker-Packard Corp.; Packard, A History of the Motor Car and the Company (General edition), Beverly Rae Kimes, editor (1978), "Automobile Quarterly", ISBN 0-915038-11-0

[50] Triumph and Tragedy: The Last Real Packards by Richard M. Langworth, in Collectible Automobile, September 1984 issue; pp. 6-25; (ISSN 0742-812X)

[51] Clymer, p. 87.

[52] Clymer, p. 104.

[:4-53] 1 2 Clymer, p. 63.

[54] Clymer, p. 145.

[55] Clymer, p. 67.

[CitiCarProd-56] "Electric car for the average Joe not far away". Wheels.ca. September 14, 2012. Retrieved August 9, 2014.

[57] Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 357

[58] Clymer, p. 158.

[clymer209-59] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 Clymer, p. 209.

[60] Clymer, pp. 170, 206.

[61] Clymer, pp. 190, 206.

[62] Clymer, pp. 158, 206. One of two companies by this name.

[63] Clymer, p. 178. Named for the horse, built in Minneapolis.

[64] Clymer, p. 93. Built in St. Louis, Missouri.

[Clymer,_pp.5_&_206-65] 1 2 Clymer, pp. 5, 206.

[66] Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 403

[67] Kimes & Clark 1985, pp. 403–404

[68] Kimes & Clark 1985, pp. 404–405

[69] Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 405

[70] Kimes & Clark 1985, pp. 405–406

[71] Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 406

[72] Clymer, p. 206. Distinct from the tractor.

[73] Clymer, pp. 190, 206. Built in Cleveland.

[74] Clymer, p. 178. Built in Indiana. Distinct from DeSoto.

[75] Clymer, p. 178. Distinct from DeSoto Motor Car Company.

[76] Clymer, pp. 38, 205. Offered an electric phaeton before 1916.

[77] Clymer, p. 206. Distinct from Diamond T.

[78] Clymer, p. 206. Tourist was a model.

[Clymer,_p.5-79] 1 2 Clymer, p. 5.

[80] Clymer, p. 206. By Alberto Santos-Dumont

[81] Clymer, p. 206. Founder was later the author of Dyke's Automobile and Gasoline Engine Encyclopedia.

[82] Conceived by Buckminster Fuller.

[83] "Eagle-Macomber". Gas review v.8(1915). March 1, 1915. Retrieved April 2, 2026.

[84] "Eagle-Macomber". Gas review v.8(1915). March 1, 1915. Retrieved April 2, 2026.

[85] "Eagle-Macomber". Gas review v.8(1915). March 1, 1915. Retrieved April 2, 2026.

[86] Clymer, p. 153. Built in Wisconsin, distinct from the Michigan company.

[87] Clymer, p. 190. Steam and electric cars, built in Cleveland.

[88] Clymer, p. 206. No connection to Eaton's.

[89] Clymer, p. 38.

[90] Clymer, p. 206. No connection to Electric Launch Company.

[91] Clymer, pp. 23, 207. Johnson model. Distinct from the Elite steam automobile company.

[clymer207-92] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 Clymer, p. 207.

[:7-93] 1 2 Clymer, pp. 170–171, 207.

[94] Clymer, p. 104. Built in Cincinnati, Ohio.

[95] Clymer, p. 207. Later Halladay or Streator, eventually Barley.

[96] Clymer, p. 190. Car and truck maker, based in Cleveland.

[97] Clymer, p. 104. Built in Chicago.

[98] "Early American Automobiles 1904 Models". Retrieved October 5, 2014.

[99] Scriven, Hayes (March 19, 2008). "Northfield, a town with a past" (PDF). p. 11. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 4, 2012.

[100] "Fisker's final drive: bankruptcy judge clears liquidation path, but SEC investigation looms large". Retrieved February 26, 2025.

[101] Clymer, p. 166.

[102] Clymer, p. 40.

[:0-103] 1 2 3 4 Kimes and Clark, Standard Catalog, p. 574.

[104] Kimes and Clark, Standard Catalog, p. 574. Not counting the Blair-Forth, of 1908.

[105] Kimes and Clark, Standard Catalog, pp. 574-575. Not counting the Blair-Forth, of 1908.

[106] Kimes and Clark, Standard Catalog, p. 575.

[Kimes1985p1289-107] 1 2 Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 1289

[108] Clymer, p. 16.

[Kimes1985p593-109] Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 593

[Clymer_p.190-110] 1 2 Clymer, p. 190. Cars and trucks, built in Cleveland.

[111] Clymer, p. 51.

[112] Kimes and Clark (1996), p. 625.

[113] Clymer, p. 207. Distinct from the Gearless steamer.

[114] Made by the multinational as experimental models.

[115] Clymer, p. 207. Distinct from the multinational.

[116] Clymer, pp. 23, 190. Gasoline and steam.

[117] Flory, p. 1016, credits them only for 1950.

[118] Clymer, p. 207. Supposedly from Atlanta, Georgia.

[119] Clymer, p. 190. Cars and trucks, built in Cleveland 1916–1922.

[120] Clymer, pp. 14, 22.

[Kimes1985p1447-121] 1 2 Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 1447

[122] Clymer, p. 207. One of two companies by this name.

[:6-123] 1 2 Clymer, p. 190. Truck maker, based in Cleveland.

[124] Clymer, pp. 170, 190.

[125] Schwarzkopf, E.E. (1910). Automobile Topics. Vol. 19. p. 1456. Retrieved December 5, 2019. (Google books)

[126] Sherron, Chas. B. (1907). American Vehicle: Devoted to the Interests of the Vehicle and Accessory Trades. Vol. 20. p. 26. Retrieved December 5, 2019. Google books: (Automobile Notes)

[127] Clymer, p. 170. No relation to the school.

[128] "Indiana Truck History Report". Archived from the original on July 25, 2015. Retrieved October 5, 2014.

[Kimes1985p652,761-129] Kimes & Clark 1985, pp. 652, 761

[130] Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 682 Distinct from Hatfield Motor Vehicle Company and the Hatfield Company truck manufacturer.

[Kimes1985,_p._1524-131] 1 2 Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 1524

[132] Clymer, p. 23. An air-cooled, built in Wisconsin, sold for US$2000.

[133] Clymer, p. 112.

[134] Clymer, p. 207. Distinct from Hewitt-Lindstrom.

[135] "Hewitt". Hand book of automobiles (1906). January 15, 1906. Retrieved March 10, 2025.

[136] Clymer, pp. 23, 190. Steam and gasoline, based in Cleveland.

[137] Distinct from the Australian company.

[138] Clymer, p. 207. Distinct from Holley.

[Clymer,_pp.23_&_207-139] 1 2 Clymer, pp. 23, 207.

[Clymer,_pp.5_&_23-140] 1 2 Clymer, pp. 5, 23.

[141] Clymer, pp. 170, 207.

[142] Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 742

[143] Kimes & Clark 1985, pp. 769, 1407 In Boston.

[Kimes_p.769-144] 1 2 Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 769 In New York City.

[145] Clymer, p. 207; Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 769

[146] Clymer, p. 23; Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 769. In Toledo, Ohio.

[147] Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 769 In Buffalo, New York.

[Clymer,_pp.18_&_23-148] 1 2 Clymer, pp. 18, 23.

[149] Clymer, pp. 23, 153. Built in Wisconsin.

[clymer208-150] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 Clymer, p. 208.

[151] "Jones-Corbin". Cycle and automobile trade journal v. 7 (Jan.-Mar. 1903). January 1, 1903. Retrieved December 8, 2025.

[152] Clymer, p. 208. Not to be confused with Jet Propulsion Laboratory.

[153] Clymer, p. 53. Also sold commercial vans of 1, 2, 3, & 6 tons.

[154] Clymer, p. 131.

[155] Clymer, p. 208. One of three companies by this name.

[Kimes1985p769-156] Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 769

[157] Flory, pp. 1011–12.

[Kimes1985p774-158] Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 774

[159] Clymer, p. 158. Based in Toledo, Ohio.

[Kimes1985p782-160] Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 782

[clymer190cleveland-161] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Clymer, p. 190. Based in Cleveland.

[Clymer_p.153-162] 1 2 3 Clymer, p. 153. Built in Wisconsin.

[163] Clymer, p. 208. Electrette was a model.

[164] Clymer, p. 208. Distinct from LaSalle.

[165] Clymer, p. 208. Distinct from Lewis Motocycle.

[Horseless_Age_1895-166] 1 2 3 Horseless Age 1895.

[167] Clymer, p. 8. A four-wheeler, despite the name.

[Kimes1985p828-168] Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 828

[Kimes1985p635-169] Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 635

[170] Clymer, p. 90. Before 1912, the cars were called Sears.

[Kimes1985p859-860-171] Kimes & Clark 1985, pp. 859–860

[Kimes1975p1004-172] 1 2 Kimes & Clark 1975, p. 1004

[173] with steam autos

[Clymer,_p.22-174] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Clymer, p. 22.

[175] Standard Catalogue of American Cars, p. 890

[Clymer_pp.190_&_208-176] Clymer, pp. 190, 208. Based in Cleveland.

[177] Clymer, p. 208. Distinct from the Mason steamer.

[178] Clymer, p. 93. Built in Waterloo, Iowa.

[179] Clymer, p. 84.

[180] Clymer, p. 153. Built in Wisconsin by Joe Merkel, who later built the Merkel Motorcycle.

[181] Clymer, p. 23. Distinct from the Meteor steamer and the Ford division.

[182] Clymer, p. 208. Distinct from the Nash

[183] Clymer, p. 145. Built in Waltham, Massachusetts.

[Kimes1985p929-184] 1 2 Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 929

[185] "Michigan Yacht and Power Co". The Motor world v.7 1903/04. January 28, 1904. Retrieved October 27, 2025.

[186] Clymer, p. 93. Built in Moline, Illinois.

[187] Clymer, pp. 36, 153. Built in Racine, Wisconsin.

[188] Clymer, p. 57.

[189] Clymer, p. 208. One of two companies by this name, distinct from Moline-Knight.

[190] "Mora Motor Car Company". Motor age v.17 1910 Jan-Jun. January 1, 1910. Retrieved January 8, 2026.

[191] Clymer, p. 208. Not to be confused with Moggie.

[192] Clymer, pp. 22. 208.

[193] Lewis, Mary Beth. "Ten Best First Facts", in Car and Driver, 1/88, p. 92.

[194] "Mueller Manufacturing Company". Horseless vehicles, automobiles, motor cycles operated by steam, hydro-carbon, electric and pneumatic motors : a practical treatise for ... everyone interested in the development, use and care of the automobile, including a special chapter on how to build an electric cab, with detail drawings / by Gardner D. Hiscox. January 1, 1900. Retrieved March 15, 2025.

[195] Flory, p. 1016, dates it to 1950.

[196] "Nance Touraine". Cycle and automobile trade journal v. 16 (Jan.-Mar. 1912). January 15, 1912. Retrieved March 7, 2026 – via hathitrust.

[197] Clymer, pp. 170, 178. Built in Traverse City, Michigan.

[198] Not to be confused with the producers of the Ruxton.

[199] Clymer, pp. 170–171, 208.

[200] Clymer, p. 208. Often misspelled as Neilson.

[Kimes1975p1003-201] 1 2 3 Kimes & Clark 1975, p. 1003

[202] Clymer, p. 208. Not to be confused with the motorcycle.

[Kimes1975p1005-203] Kimes & Clark 1975, p. 1005

[204] Clymer, p. 153. Built in Milwaukee.

[205] Catalog of American Cars 1805–1945 (1985), p. 1013

[206] Clymer, pp. 170, 209.

[:8-207] 1 2 3 Clymer, pp. 190, 209. Based in Cleveland.

[208] Clymer, pp. 190, 209. Based in Cleveland. Distinct from Owen Magnetic.

[209] Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 1063 Built in Salem, Mass.; 1 gasoline & 2 electric cars

[210] Clymer, p. 102. Built in Indianapolis, Indiana.

[211] Clymer, p. 151. Built in Chicago.

[ReferenceA-212] Standard Catalogue of American Cars, p. 1125

[213] Clymer, p. 42.

[ReferenceB-214] 1 2 3 Standard Catalogue of American Cars, p. 1126

[215] Clymer, pp. 6, 153.

[216] Clymer, pp. 5, 178, 190. Cars and trucks, built in Cleveland.

[217] Clymer, p. 153. Friction-drive, built in Wisconsin.

[218] "Petrel". Cycle and automobile trade journal v. 16 (Jan.-Mar. 1912). January 15, 1912. Retrieved March 6, 2026.

[219] "Philadelphia Motor Vehicle Company". The Motor way v.4-5 1901. January 1, 1901. Retrieved October 12, 2026.

[AK82-220] Freund, Klaus, ed. (August 1981). Auto Katalog 1982 (in German). Vol. 25. Stuttgart: Vereinigte Motor-Verlage GmbH & Co. KG. p. 165.

[221] Clymer, p. 209. Distinct from the GM division.

[222] Clymer, pp. 13, 23.

[223] Clymer, p. 209. Distinct from Porter Motor Company.

[224] Flory, p. 1016. Distinct from Powell Manufacturing Company?

[225] Clymer, p. 209. Distinct from the pickup.

[226] Clymer, p. 190. Cars & trucks, based in Cleveland.

[227] "R.C.H." Cycle and automobile trade journal v. 16 (Jan.-Mar. 1912). January 15, 1912. Retrieved March 3, 2026.

[228] Clymer, p. 149.

[229] Clymer, p. 209. Distinct from Reading Steamer.

[230] Clymer, p. 209. Said to be the cheapest car ever built.

[231] Clymer, pp. 122-124. Producer of four-axle Octoauto and twin rear axle Sextoauto in Columbus, Indiana.

[232] Clymer, p. 209. 1895 car produced by Remington Arms Company.

[zebra-233] "Renaissance Cars Inc. / Zebra Motors Inc". Retrieved September 3, 2014.

[234] Clymer, pp. 22, 209.

[Clymer,_pp.23_&_209-235] Clymer, pp. 23, 209.

[236] Clymer, p. 209. Distinct from Rogers Steamobile. One of three companies by this name.

[237] Rolls-Royce

[Kimes_(1985)1273-238] Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 1273

[239] Clymer, p. 8. A tricycle.

[240] Clymer, p. 209. Also known as Dumont.

[Clymer,_p.8-241] Clymer, p. 8.

[242] Clymer, pp. 90, 209.

[243] Clymer, p. 209. Distinct from Chrysler Sebring.

[244] Clymer, p. 5. Built in Buffalo, New York.

[245] Clymer, p. 88. Built by William H. Sharp.

[246] "Shay Model A Roadster". shayhistory.com. Archived from the original on March 23, 2010. Retrieved February 4, 2018.

[247] Dixie Junior and Dixie Tourist (1908-1910- Retrieved October 28, 2018

[248] The Horseless Age: The Automobile Trade Magazine, Volume 22- Retrieved October 28, 2018

[249] Clymer, p. 210. Unrelated to the steam car company.

[250] Clymer, pp. 23, 210.

[251] "Spoerer". Cycle and automobile trade journal v. 16 (Jan.-Mar. 1912). January 15, 1912. Retrieved March 7, 2026 – via hathitrust.

[252] Clymer, p. 210. One of two companies with this name.

[Clymer_p.210-253] Clymer, p. 210. Distinct from Stanley Motor Carriage Company.

[254] Clymer, p. 210. Distinct from Stearns (automobile).

[255] Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 512

[256] Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 1351

[257] Clymer, p. 210. One of three companies by this name.

[258] Clymer, pp. 23, 210. Steam cars. One of three companies by this name.

[259] Production was continued in Canada until 1966.

[260] Flory, p. 1016. Fitting Cadillac V8s into Studebakers was common in the 1950s, under the nickname Studillac, as well as into Fords as Fordillacs; it appears Flory has mistaken it.

[261] Clymer, pp. 38, 210.

[262] Clymer, p. 210. Not to be confused with models from Dodge, Plymouth, Studebaker, Nash Motors, Chevrolet, or GMC.

[263] Clymer, p. 52.

[264] Clymer, p. 210. Unrelated to Summit Racing Equipment.

[265] Clymer, p. 190, locates them in Cleveland.

[Clymer,_pp.170_&_210-266] Clymer, pp. 170, 210.

[Kimes1985p1417-1419-267] Kimes & Clark 1985, pp. 1417–1419

[Kimes1985p1423-1424-268] Kimes & Clark 1985, pp. 1423–1424

[269] Kimes & Clark 1985, pp. 1463, 45

[270] Clymer, p. 22; Kimes & Clark 1985, pp. 769, 1472

[271] Clymer, p. 210. Unrelated to Triumph Motor Company sportscars or Triumph Engineering Co Ltd motorcycles.

[272] "Union Sales Company". Cycle and automobile trade journal v. 16 (Jan.-Mar. 1912). January 15, 1912. Retrieved March 3, 2026.

[273] Clymer, p. 210. Distinct from the Victor steam cars.

[274] "Victor". Gas review v. 2 (1909). January 1, 1909. Retrieved March 25, 2026.

[275] "The Victor Page Automobile & The Victor W. Page Corp". www.american-automobiles.com. Retrieved May 10, 2019.

[276] Kimes, Beverly R. (editor), and Clark, Henry A. The Standard Catalog of American Cars 1805–1945. Krause Publications, 1985, p. 1455. ISBN 0-87341-045-9.

[277] Clymer, p. 135. Built in Painesville, Ohio.

[278] "Wagenhals". They built a city; 150 years of industrial Cincinnati / compiled and written by the Cincinnati Federal Writers' Project of the Works Progress Administration in Ohio; James Garfield Stewart, mayor of Cincinnati, cooperating sponsor. January 1, 1938. Retrieved July 7, 2026.

[279] Detroit-based builder of "generic" cars without badges so dealers could badge them as desired. Clymer, p.146.

[280] "Walter Automobile Company". Hand book of automobiles (1906). January 15, 1906. Retrieved March 13, 2025.

[281] Clymer, p. 210. Distinct from Ward (electric automobile company).

[282] Clymer, p. 210. Distinct from Ward (automobile company).

[Kimes1985p1491-283] Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 1491

[Kimes1985p1519-284] Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 1519

[Kimes1985p1521-285] 1 2 Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 1521

List of defunct automobile manufacturers of the United States

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

W

X

Y

Z

See also

Notes

Sources