Bessie Stillman

Bessie Whitmore Stillman (1871-1947) was an educator and contributor to the Orton-Gillingham teaching method for students with disabilities in reading.

Career

Stillman was a teacher at the Ethical Culture School in New York when she met Anna Gillingham. She began collaborating to further develop the teaching procedures of Samuel Orton, devised to help readers with dyslexia. Gillingham and Stillman completed a remedial program called "The Alphabetic Method," which taught phonemes, morphemes and spelling rules through multisensory techniques. Gillingham published "The Alphabetic Method" in 1936. This later became known as the Orton-Gillingham method.

During this time (1935-1937) Stillman worked and studied with Gillingham at the Punahou School in Honolulu, Hawaii. There they trained and collaborated with Beth Slingerland, who adapted the Orton-Gillingham method also called the Orton-Gillingham-Stillman Method, for use in classrooms. The method involves teaching dyslexics with a multisensory approach.

Stillman worked with Gillingham until her death in 1947.

Publications

In 1922, an essay by Stillman titled "School Excursions" was published in volume 22 of The Elementary School Journal. Stillman's first book, Training Children to Study; Practical Suggestions, was published in 1928. The first edition of The Gillingham Manual: Remedial Training for Children with Specific Disability in Reading, Spelling, and Penmanship, (originally "The Alphabetic Method") was written by Gillingham and Stillman, and published in 1936. This is the manual through which the Orton-Gillingham method is still largely taught today, with the 8th edition published in 1997. In the preface of later editions, Gillingham noted that certain sections were largely the late Stillman's work, to the point that she could not bring herself to edit them.

References

  1. 1 2 McClelland, Jane (1989). "Gillingham: Contemporary After 76 Years". Annals of Dyslexia. 39 (1): 34–49. doi:10.1007/BF02656899. ISSN 0736-9387. JSTOR 23769351. PMID 24233470. S2CID 27304782.
  2. ↑ Stillman, Bessie W. (Bessie Whitmore) (1928). Training children to study;practical suggestions. The Library of Congress. Boston, New York [etc.] D. C. Heath and company.
  3. ↑ "ORTON-GILLINGHAM-BASED AND/OR MULTISENSORY STRUCTURED LANGUAGE APPROACHES" (PDF). International Dyslexia Association. 2000.
  4. 1 2 Colony, Bonita. "History Of Orton-Based Multisensory Structured Language Methods". Clinical Studies of Multisensory Structured Language Instruction: 16–19.
  5. ↑ "Punahou to open remedial work department in fall". Honolulu Star-Bulletin. 1936-05-25. p. 5. Retrieved 2022-10-29.
  6. ↑ "Remedial program will be continued". Honolulu Star-Bulletin. 1937-09-04. p. 28. Retrieved 2022-10-29.
  7. ↑ "Psychological Dept". The Honolulu Advertiser. 1937-05-31. p. 13. Retrieved 2022-10-29.
  8. ↑ King, Lucinda (1981-11-07). "Punahou's dyslexia experts". The Honolulu Advertiser. p. 11. Retrieved 2022-10-29.
  9. ↑ "Trivia bits". Detroit Free Press. 2018-04-11. pp. C5. Retrieved 2022-10-29.
  10. ↑ Klages, Carol (2016-07-03). "Engage all senses for best response to learning delays". Victoria Advocate. pp. D06. Retrieved 2022-10-29.
  11. ↑ Childs, Sally B. (1974). "2. The Anna Gillingham I knew". Bulletin of the Orton Society. 24 (1): 50–54. doi:10.1007/BF02653529. ISSN 0474-7534. S2CID 144992846.
  12. ↑ Stillman, Bessie W. (1922-02-01). School Excursions. JSTOR. The Elementary School Journal.
  13. ↑ Stillman, Bessie W. (Bessie Whitmore) (1928). Training children to study;practical suggestions. The Library of Congress. Boston, New York [etc.] D. C. Heath and company. Reviews for Training Children to Study
  14. ↑ Gillingham, Anna; Stillman, Bessie Whitmore (1936). Remedial Training for Children with Specific Disability in Reading, Spelling and Penmanship ... (1st ed.). Sackett, & Wilhelms lithographing Corp., Long Island City. OCLC 4960137.
  15. ↑ Schereschewsky, John (1965-03-09). "Good silent reader has oral trouble". Hartford Courant. p. 17. Retrieved 2022-10-29.
  16. ↑ Gillingham, Anna; Stillman, Bessie W. (1997). The Gillingham manual : remedial training for students with specific disability in reading, spelling, and penmanship (8th ed., rev ed.). Cambridge, MA: Educators Pub. Service. ISBN 0-8388-0200-1. OCLC 42672423.
  17. ↑ Gillingham, Anna; W. Stillman, Bessie (1997). The Gillingham Manual: Remedial Training for Children with Specific Disability in Reading, Spelling, and Penmanship. Educators Publishing Service. ISBN 0-8388-0200-1.