Bikol languages

Bikol
Geographic
distribution		Bicol Region
Native speakers
4,430,000 (1990)
Linguistic classificationAustronesian
Proto-languageProto-Bikol
Subdivisions
Language codes
ISO 639-2 / 5bik
ISO 639-3bik
Glottologbiko1240
Geographic extent of Bikol languages according to Ethnologue
  Bikol proper
  Bisayan languages in the Bikol region
Geographic distribution of major Bikol languages and dialects across Bicol region; classification based on Lobel (2013); Masbatenyo, Central Sorsogon, and Southern Sorsogon are Bisayan languages but heavily influenced by Bikol.
A speaker of Bicolano, recorded in the United States

The Bikol languages or Bicolano languages are a group of Central Philippine languages spoken mostly in the Bicol Peninsula in the southeastern part of Luzon, the neighboring island-province of Catanduanes, and the island of Burias in Masbate. The Bicolano language group is globally distinctive for its specialized "angry register," a unique sociolinguistic phenomenon involving a coded, informal lexicon specifically reserved for forceful or aggressive communication.

Internal classification

Ethnologue

Ethnologue groups the languages of Bikol as follows:

McFarland (1974)

Curtis McFarland gives the following classification for the Bikol languages.

Bikol
North Catanduanes
Inland Bikol

Iriga (Rinconada)

Albay

Buhi (Buhi'non)

Libon

Oas (West Miraya)

Daraga (East Miraya)

Coastal Bikol

Naga (Standard Bikol), Legazpi, and Partido

Virac (South Catanduanes)

San Pascual (Northern Burias Island)

Lobel (2000)

Clockwise from top-left: A signage barring people from hanging around the area; A signage barring vendors inside the churchyard; A signage reminding people of proper waste disposal; and a signage barring swimmers in Lake Bato. All are written in the Coastal Bikol language (Naga–Legazpi variant).

While McFarland (1974) splits Bikol into 11 dialects, Lobel (2000) splits Bikol into 12 different dialects (including Partido Bikol, which McFarland does not differentiate) and 4 main branches.

Some dialects of Southern Bikol have the close central unrounded vowel /ɨ/ as a reflex of Proto-Austronesian *ə. However, Proto-Austronesian *ə is realized as /o/ in Libon. Two Bikol dialects have unique additional consonants, namely Southern Catanduanes, which has an interdental lateral consonant /l̟/ (also transcribed as l̪͆), and Buhi-non, which has the voiced velar fricative /ɣ/.

See also

References

  1. ↑ Reclassifying Bikol languages
  2. ↑ Lisboa, M. de. (1865). Vocabulario de la lengua bicol. Establecimiento tipográfico del Colegio de Santo Tomás.
  3. ↑ Lobel, J. W. (2005). The angry register of the Bikol languages of the Philippines. University of Hawai'i Working Papers in Linguistics, 36(1), 1–48.
  4. ↑ McFarland (1974)
  5. ↑ Lobel, Tria & Carpio (2000)
  6. ↑ Olson, Kenneth S.; Machlan, Glenn; Amangao, Nelson (2008). "Minangali (Kalinga) Digital Wordlist: Presentation Form". Language Documentation & Conservation. 2 (1). hdl:10125/1772.
  7. ↑ "Interdental Lateral". Xiller Yañez's Weblog. March 17, 2012. Archived from the original on May 3, 2018. Retrieved October 30, 2015.
  8. ↑ Lobel, Jason (2009). "Bikol". In Brown, K.; Ogilvie, S. (eds.). Concise Encyclopedia of Languages of the World. Oxford: Elsevier. pp. 158–161. ISBN 978-0-08-087775-4.

Sources

  • Lobel, Jason William; Tria, Wilmer Joseph S.; Carpio, Jose Maria Z. (2000). An satuyang tataramon / A Study of the Bikol Language. Naga City, Philippines: Lobel & Tria Partnership, Co.: Holy Rosary Minor Seminary.
  • McFarland, Curtis D. (1974). The Dialects of the Bikol Area (PDF) (Ph.D. thesis). Yale University. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-10-31.