Elections in Brazil

Brazil elects on the national level a head of state — the president — and a legislature. The president is elected to a four-year term by absolute majority vote through a two-round system. The National Congress (Congresso Nacional) has two chambers. The Chamber of Deputies (Câmara dos Deputados) has 513 members, elected to a four-year term by proportional representation. The Federal Senate (Senado Federal) has 81 members, elected to an eight-year term, with elections every four years for alternatively one-third and two-thirds of the seats. Brazil has a multi-party system with a high effective number of parties and political fragmentation. Often no one party has a chance of gaining a majority alone, and so they must work with each other to form coalition governments.

Latest election

Presidential election

CandidateRunning matePartyFirst roundSecond round
Votes%Votes%
Flávio BolsonaroAlfredo GasparLiberal Party56,104,50347.03
Luiz Inácio Lula da SilvaGeraldo Alckmin (PSB)Workers' Party53,879,53845.16
Augusto CuryJúlio DelgadoAvante3,448,5692.89
Renan SantosAroldo MedinaMission Party2,675,8872.24
Ronaldo CaiadoGilberto KassabSocial Democratic Party2,605,1482.18
Romeu ZemaEduardo GirãoNew Party326,4880.27
Samara MartinsRaquel BrícioPopular Unity122,9110.10
Hertz DiasVanessa PortugalUnited Socialist Workers' Party43,1030.04
Clariana BarãoFabiana TorquatoChristian Democracy40,0430.03
Edmilson CostaCleusa SantosBrazilian Communist Party22,6930.02
Wilson GrassiSuêd HaidarDemocrata16,8810.01
Rui Costa PimentaAntônio CarlosWorkers' Cause Party15,0240.01
Total119,300,788100.00
Valid votes119,300,78895.23
Invalid votes3,674,2492.93
Blank votes2,300,7981.84
Total votes125,275,835100.00
Registered voters/turnout158,745,50278.92158,745,502–
Source: Superior Electoral Court

Parliamentary election

Chamber of Deputies

Party or allianceVotes%Seats+/–
Liberal Party25,824,75522.69121+22
Brazil of HopeWorkers' Party14,793,12813.0070+1
Green Party1,368,4911.207+1
Communist Party of Brazil1,306,3681.1511+5
Progressive UnionBrazil Union7,876,9046.9246–13
Progressistas7,616,7586.6941–6
Social Democratic Party9,391,3218.2543+1
Republicanos7,911,7806.9541+1
Brazilian Democratic Movement7,890,3846.9336–6
Podemos5,887,4275.1727+9
PSOL REDESocialism and Liberty Party5,312,1614.6714+2
Sustainability Network264,1810.231–1
Brazilian Socialist Party5,007,6924.4015+1
PSDB CidadaniaBrazilian Social Democracy Party2,742,5442.4111–2
Cidadania291,3240.260–5
New Party2,914,3642.5610+7
Solidary RenewalDemocratic Renewal Party1,203,6591.0650
Solidarity1,049,0140.922–2
Democratic Labour Party1,868,4241.646–11
Avante1,807,9421.595–2
Mission Party1,223,5691.081New
Christian Democracy114,4020.1000
Popular Unity45,4310.0400
National Mobilization34,2720.0300
Democrata27,1950.0200
United Socialist Workers' Party18,6960.0200
Agir7,1550.0100
Workers' Cause Party3,0410.0000
Brazilian Communist Party00.0000
Brazilian Labour Renewal Party00.0000
Total113,802,382100.005130
Valid votes113,802,38291.40
Invalid votes4,264,7843.43
Blank votes6,445,3725.18
Total votes124,512,538100.00
Registered voters/turnout158,745,50278.44
Source: [citation needed]
Popular vote
PL
 
22.69%
FE Brasil
 
15.35%
UPB
 
13.61%
PSD
 
8.25%
Republicanos
 
6.95%
MDB
 
6.93%
PODE
 
5.17%
PSOL REDE
 
4.90%
PSB
 
4.40%
PSDB Cidadania
 
2.67%
NOVO
 
2.56%
Solidary Renewal
 
1.98%
PDT
 
1.64%
Avante
 
1.59%
MISSÃO
 
1.08%
Parliamentary seats
PL
 
23.58%
FE Brasil
 
17.15%
UPB
 
16.96%
PSD
 
8.38%
Republicanos
 
7.99%
MDB
 
7.02%
PODE
 
5.26%
PSOL REDE
 
2.92%
PSB
 
2.92%
PSDB Cidadania
 
2.14%
NOVO
 
1.95%
Solidary Renewal
 
1.36%
PDT
 
1.17%
Avante
 
0.97%
MISSÃO
 
0.19%

Federal Senate

Party or allianceVotes%Seats
ElectedTotal+/–
Liberal Party58,307,86128.111929+14
Brazil of HopeWorkers' Party27,306,99813.16690
Green Party5,6440.00000
Communist Party of Brazil00.00000
Brazilian Democratic Movement11,881,6175.7378–1
Progressive UnionProgressistas22,082,66010.6536–2
Brazil Union7,968,1623.8435+2
Republicanos8,911,2234.30260
Social Democratic Party10,522,6015.0725–9
Brazilian Socialist Party14,804,1257.1434–2
New Party11,067,3575.3433+3
PSDB CidadaniaBrazilian Social Democracy Party2,789,6261.3422–2
Cidadania205,8490.10000
Podemos3,951,5211.9122–1
PSOL REDESustainability Network10,777,9995.2011+1
Socialism and Liberty Party8,028,9383.87000
Democratic Labour Party5,395,4342.6011–1
Solidary RenewalDemocratic Renewal Party608,8740.29000
Solidarity134,9920.07000
Mission Party684,1380.33000
National Mobilization533,8590.26000
Popular Unity431,0820.21000
Avante406,7230.2000–1
United Socialist Workers' Party216,8290.10000
Christian Democracy189,3530.09000
Democrata67,5850.03000
Workers' Cause Party50,4780.02000
Brazilian Labour Renewal Party39,6090.02000
Brazilian Communist Party33,3300.02000
Agir23,8810.01000
Total207,428,348100.0054810
Registered voters/turnout154,404,390–
Source: [citation needed]
Popular vote
PL
 
28.11%
UPB
 
14.49%
FE Brasil
 
13.16%
PSOL REDE
 
9.07%
PSB
 
7.14%
MDB
 
5.73%
NOVO
 
5.34%
PSD
 
5.07%
Republicanos
 
4.30%
PDT
 
2.60%
PODE
 
1.91%
PSDB Cidadania
 
1.44%
Parliamentary seats
PL
 
35.80%
UPB
 
13.58%
FE Brasil
 
11.11%
MDB
 
9.88%
Republicanos
 
7.41%
PSD
 
6.17%
PSB
 
4.94%
NOVO
 
3.70%
PODE
 
2.47%
PSDB Cidadania
 
2.47%
PDT
 
1.23%
PSOL REDE
 
1.23%

Schedule

Election

Basic rotation of Brazilian general elections
Year 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030
Type Presidential year Off-year Local year Off-year Presidential year
President Yes No Yes
Senate 54 seats No 27 seats
Chamber All 513 seats No All 531 seats
Governor All 27 federative units No All 27 federative units
Legislative Assemblies All 27 federative units No All 27 federative units
Mayor No All 5,568 municipalities No
Municipal Chambers No All 5,568 municipalities No

Inauguration

Position202320242025202620272028202920302031
Type Presidential (January)
National Congress (February)
Gubernatorial (January)
States and Federal District Parliaments (January)
NoneMayors (January)
City Councils (January)
NonePresidential (January)
National Congress (February)
Gubernatorial (January)
States and Federal District Parliaments (January)
NoneMayors (January)
City Councils (January)
NonePresidential (January)
National Congress (February)
Gubernatorial (January)
States and Federal District Parliaments (January)
President and
vice president
1 JanuaryNone5 JanuaryNone5 January
National Congress 1 FebruaryNone1 FebruaryNone1 February
States, cities and municipalities 1 JanuaryNone1 JanuaryNone1 January
(state parliaments)
6 January
(Governors)
None1 JanuaryNone1 January
(state parliaments)
6 January
(Governors)

Electoral systems

A presidential candidate in Brazil needs to gain fifty per cent plus one of votes to be named as winner. A second-round runoff is mandated if no candidate receives fifty per cent plus one of votes.

Deputies are elected to the Chamber of Deputies using a form of party-list proportional representation known as the open list. Seats are distributed in 27 multi-member constituencies based on the Federation Units (26 States and the Federal District), ranging from 8 to 70 seats. Seats are allocated through the D'Hondt method.

Senators are elected to the Federal Senate with a plurality of the vote in a first-past-the-post system, which is not proportional. Three senators are elected for each state and for the Federal District.

In lower levels of government, the state legislative assemblies and city councils are elected using an open list proportional representation system. Seats are allocated using a version of the D'Hondt method where only parties who receive at least V/n votes (where V is the total number of votes cast and n is the total number of seats to be filled) may win seats in the legislature.

Voting in Brazil is compulsory for all literate citizens over 18 and under 70, and optional for citizens who are aged 16 and 17, older than 70 or illiterate. Brazil introduced compulsory voting into its Electoral Code in 1932 and lowered the voting age from 18 to 16 in the 1988 constitution. The 1988 constitution also granted voluntary suffrage to the illiterate citizens of Brazil.

Brazilian voting machines

Brazilian voting machine, 2020

Electronic voting in Brazil was first deployed in 1996, in pilot use in dozens of municipalities including in the state of Santa Catarina, and was progressively expanded nationwide. The system is administered by the Electoral Justice (Justiça Eleitoral), headed by the Superior Electoral Court (Tribunal Superior Eleitoral, TSE) and the Regional Electoral Courts (Tribunais Regionais Eleitorais, TREs), which are responsible for voter registration, biometric identification, vote collection, result tabulation, transmission and consolidation of results, and formal certification of the outcome. The electronic voting machine used at polling places (urna eletrônica) is just one component of this broader infrastructure. Its design emphasizes operational simplicity for voters — often compared to the usability of a public phone booth, and it functions as a dedicated terminal that records each ballot locally, encrypts and stores the vote, and produces a digital tally at the end of the day. As of 2023, Brazil is the only country in the world to conduct its elections entirely through electronic voting.

Presidential elections by party

Current parties
Party Acronym Election Presidential candidate Vice presidential candidate Colligation Results
Act AGIR (previously PTC) 2026 - - - -
2022 Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (PT) Geraldo Alckmin (PSB) Brazil of Hope Federation (PT, PCdoB, PV), PSB, AGIR, Avante, PSOL-Rede Federation (PSOL, Rede), Solidariedade, PROS Elected Green tick
2018 Álvaro Dias (PODE) Paulo Rabelo de Castro (PSC) PODE, PSC, PTC, PRP Lost Red X
2014 Aécio Neves (PSDB) Aloysio Nunes (PSDB) PSDB, PTC, PTdoB, DEM, Patriota, PMN, PTN, PTB, Solidariedade Lost Red X
2010 Dilma Rousseff (PT) Michel Temer (PMDB) PT, PMDB, PTC, PCdoB, PDT, PR, PTN, PSB, PSC, PRB Elected Green tick
2002 Anthony Garotinho (PSB) José Antônio Figueiredo (PSB) PSB, PTC, PGT Lost Red X
1994 Carlos Antônio Gomes (PTC) Dilton Carlos Salomoni (PTC) - Lost Red X
1989 Fernando Collor de Mello (PTC) Itamar Franco (PTC) PTC, PSC, PST, PTR Elected Green tick
Brazilian Communist Party PCB 2026 Edmilson Costa (PCB) Cleusa Santos (PCB) - Lost Red X
2022 Sofia Manzano (PCB) Antonio Alves da Silva (PCB) - Lost Red X
2018 Guilherme Boulos (PSOL) Sônia Guajajara (PSOL) PSOL, PCB Lost Red X
2014 Mauro Iasi (PCB) Sofia Manzano (PCB) - Lost Red X
2010 Ivan Pinheiro (PCB) Edmilson Costa (PCB) - Lost Red X
2006 Heloísa Helena (PSOL) César Benjamin (PSOL) PSOL, PCB, PSTU Lost Red X
2002 Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (PT) José Alencar (PL) PT, PL, PCB, PCdoB, PMN Elected Green tick
1998 Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (PT) Leonel Brizola (PDT) PT, PDT, PCB, PCdoB, PSB Lost Red X
1994 Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (PT) Aloizio Mercadante (PT) PT, Cidadania, PCB, PCdoB, PSB, PSTU, PV Lost Red X
1989 Roberto Freire (PCB) Sérgio Arouca (PCB) - Lost Red X
1985 - - - -
1978 - - - -
1974 - - - -
1969 - - - -
1966 - - - -
1964 - - - -
1960 - - - -
1955 - - - -
1950 - - - -
1945 Iedo Fiúza (PCB) - - Lost Red X
1934 - - - -
1930 Minervino de Oliveira (PCB) - - Lost Red X
- Gastão Valentim (PCB) - Lost Red X
1926 - - - -
1922 - - - -
Brazilian Democratic Movement MDB (previously PMDB) 2026 - - - -
2022 Simone Tebet (MDB) Mara Gabrilli (PSDB) MDB, Always Forward Federation (Cidadania, PSDB), PODE Lost Red X
2018 Henrique Meirelles (MDB) Germano Rigotto (MDB) MDB, PHS Lost Red X
2014 Dilma Rousseff (PT) Michel Temer (PMDB) PT, PMDB, PCdoB, PDT, PL, PP, PROS, PSD, Republicanos Elected Green tick
2010 Dilma Rousseff (PT) Michel Temer (PMDB) PT, PMDB, AGIR, PCdoB, PDT, PL, PODE, PSB, PSC, Republicanos Elected Green tick
2006 - - - -
2002 José Serra (PSDB) Rita Camata (PMDB) PSDB, PMDB Lost Red X
1998 - - - -
1994 Orestes Quércia (PMDB) Iris de Araújo (PMDB) PMDB, PSD, PRP Lost Red X
1989 Ulysses Guimarães (PMDB) Waldir Pires (PMDB) - Lost Red X
1985 Tancredo Neves (PMDB) José Sarney (PMDB) - Elected Green tick
1978 Euler Bentes Monteiro (MDB) Paulo Brossard (MDB) - Lost Red X
1974 Ulysses Guimarães (MDB) Barbosa Lima Sobrinho (MDB) Lost Red X
1969 - - - -
1966 - - - -
Brazilian Labour Renewal Party PRTB 2026 - - - -
2022 - - - -
2018 Jair Bolsonaro (PSL) Hamilton Mourão (PRTB) PSL, PRTB Elected Green tick
2014 Levy Fidelix (PRTB) José Alves de Oliveira (PRTB) - Lost Red X
2010 Levy Fidelix (PRTB) Luiz Eduardo Ayres Duarte (PRTB) - Lost Red X
2006 - - - -
2002 - - - -
1998 - - - -
Brazilian Social Democracy Party PSDB 2026 - - - -
2022 Simone Tebet (MDB) Mara Gabrilli (PSDB) MDB, Always Forward Federation (Cidadania, PSDB), PODE Lost Red X
2018 Geraldo Alckmin (PSDB) Ana Amélia Lemos (PP) PSDB, PP, Cidadania, DEM, PL, PSD, PTB, Republicanos, Solidariedade Lost Red X
2014 Aécio Neves (PSDB) Aloysio Nunes (PSDB) PSDB, AGIR, Avante, DEM, Patriota, PMN, PODE, PTB, Solidariedade Lost Red X
2010 José Serra (PSDB) Indio da Costa (DEM) PSDB, DEM, Avante, Cidadania, PMN, PTB Lost Red X
2006 Geraldo Alckmin (PSDB) José Jorge (DEM) PSDB, DEM Lost Red X
2002 José Serra (PSDB) Rita Camata (PMDB) PSDB, PMDB Lost Red X
1998 Fernando Henrique Cardoso (PSDB) Marco Maciel (DEM) PSDB, DEM, PP, PSD, PTB Elected Green tick
1994 Fernando Henrique Cardoso (PSDB) Marco Maciel (DEM) PSDB, DEM, PTB Elected Green tick
1989 Mário Covas (PSDB) Almir Gabriel (PSDB) - Lost Red X
Brazilian Socialist Party PSB 2026 Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (PT) Geraldo Alckmin (PSB) Brazil of Hope Federation (PT, PCdoB, PV), PSB, PSOL-Rede Federation (PSOL, Rede), PDT TBA
2022 Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (PT) Geraldo Alckmin (PSB) Brazil of Hope Federation (PT, PCdoB, PV), PSB, AGIR, Avante, PSOL-Rede Federation (PSOL, Rede), Solidariedade, PROS Elected Green tick
2018 - - - -
2014 Marina Silva (PSB) Beto Albuquerque (PSB) PSB, Cidadania, PHS, PPL, PRP, PSL Lost Red X
2010 Dilma Rousseff (PT) Michel Temer (PMDB) PT, PMDB, AGIR, PCdoB, PDT, PL, PODE, PSB, PSC, Republicanos Elected Green tick
2006 - - - -
2002 Anthony Garotinho (PSB) José Antônio Figueiredo (PSB) PSB, AGIR, PGT Lost Red X
1998 Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (PT) Leonel Brizola (PDT) PT, PDT, PCB, PCdoB, PSB Lost Red X
1994 Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (PT) Aloizio Mercadante (PT) PT, Cidadania, PCB, PCdoB, PSB, PSTU, PV Lost Red X
1989 Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (PT) José Paulo Bisol (PSB) PT, PSB, PCdoB Lost Red X
1985 - - - -
1978 - - - -
1974 - - - -
1969 - - - -
1966 - - - -
1964 - - - -
1960 Henrique Teixeira Lott (PSD) - PSD, PTB, PRT, PSB, PST Lost Red X
- João Goulart (PTB) Elected Green tick
1955 Juarez Távora (UDN) UDN, PDC, PL, PSB Lost Red X
Milton Campos (UDN) Lost Red X
1950 João Mangabeira (PSB) - - Lost Red X
- Alípio Correia Neto (PSB) Lost Red X
Brazil Union UNIÃO 2026 - - - -
2022 Soraya Thronicke (UNIÃO) Marcos Cintra (UNIÃO) - Lost Red X
Christian Democracy DC (previously PSDC) 2026 Clariana Barão (DC) Fabiana Torquato (DC) - Lost Red X
2022 José Maria Eymael (DC) João Barbosa Bravo (DC) - Lost Red X
2018 José Maria Eymael (DC) Hélvio Costa (DC) - Lost Red X
2014 José Maria Eymael (DC) Roberto Lopes (DC) - Lost Red X
2010 José Maria Eymael (DC) José Paulo da Silva Neto (DC) - Lost Red X
2006 José Maria Eymael (DC) José Paulo da Silva Neto (DC) - Lost Red X
2002 - - - -
1998 José Maria Eymael (DC) Josmar Oliveira Alderete (DC) - Lost Red X
Citizenship Cidadania (previously PPS) 2026 - - - -
2022 Simone Tebet (MDB) Mara Gabrilli (PSDB) MDB, Always Forward Federation (Cidadania, PSDB), PODE Lost Red X
2018 Geraldo Alckmin (PSDB) Ana Amélia Lemos (PP) PSDB, PP, Cidadania, DEM, PL, PSD, PTB, Republicanos, Solidariedade Lost Red X
2014 Marina Silva (PSB) Beto Albuquerque (PSB) PSB, Cidadania, PHS, PPL, PRP, PSL Lost Red X
2010 José Serra (PSDB) Indio da Costa (DEM) PSDB, DEM, Avante, Cidadania, PMN, PTB Lost Red X
2006 - - - -
2002 Ciro Gomes (Cidadania) Paulinho da Força (PTB) Cidadania, PTB, PDT Lost Red X
1998 Ciro Gomes (Cidadania) Roberto Freire (Cidadania) Cidadania, PAN, PL Lost Red X
1994 Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (PT) Aloizio Mercadante (PT) PT, Cidadania, PCB, PCdoB, PSB, PSTU, PV Lost Red X
Communist Party of Brazil PCdoB 2026 Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (PT) Geraldo Alckmin (PSB) Brazil of Hope Federation (PT, PCdoB, PV), PSB, AGIR, PSOL-Rede Federation (PSOL, Rede), PDT TBA
2022 Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (PT) Geraldo Alckmin (PSB) Brazil of Hope Federation (PT, PCdoB, PV), PSB, AGIR, Avante, PSOL-Rede Federation (PSOL, Rede), Solidariedade, PROS Elected Green tick
2018 Fernando Haddad (PT) Manuela D'Ávila (PCdoB) PT, PCdoB, PROS Lost Red X
2014 Dilma Rousseff (PT) Michel Temer (PMDB) PT, PMDB, PCdoB, PDT, PL, PP, PROS, PSD, Republicanos Elected Green tick
2010 Dilma Rousseff (PT) Michel Temer (PMDB) PT, PMDB, AGIR, PCdoB, PDT, PL, PODE, PSB, PSC, Republicanos Elected Green tick
2006 Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (PT) José Alencar (Republicanos) PT, Republicanos, PCdoB Elected Green tick
2002 Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (PT) José Alencar (PL) PT, PL, PCB, PCdoB, PMN Elected Green tick
1998 Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (PT) Leonel Brizola (PDT) PT, PDT, PCB, PCdoB, PSB Lost Red X
1994 Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (PT) Aloizio Mercadante (PT) PT, Cidadania, PCB, PCdoB, PSB, PSTU, PV Lost Red X
1989 Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (PT) José Paulo Bisol (PSB) PT, PSB, PCdoB Lost Red X
Democrat Democrata (previously PMB) 2026 - - - -
2022 - - - -
2018 - - - -
Democratic Labour Party PDT 2026 Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (PT) Geraldo Alckmin (PSB) Brazil of Hope Federation (PT, PCdoB, PV), PSB, PSOL-Rede Federation (PSOL, Rede), PDT TBA
2022 Ciro Gomes (PDT) Ana Paula Matos (PDT) PDT Lost Red X
2018 Ciro Gomes (PDT) Kátia Abreu (PDT) PDT, Avante Lost Red X
2014 Dilma Rousseff (PT) Michel Temer (PMDB) PT, PMDB, PCdoB, PDT, PL, PP, PROS, PSD, Republicanos Elected Green tick
2010 Dilma Rousseff (PT) Michel Temer (PMDB) PT, PMDB, AGIR, PCdoB, PDT, PL, PODE, PSB, PSC, Republicanos Elected Green tick
2006 Cristovam Buarque (PDT) Jefferson Péres (PDT) - Lost Red X
2002 Ciro Gomes (Cidadania) Paulinho da Força (PTB) Cidadania, PTB, PDT Lost Red X
1998 Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (PT) Leonel Brizola (PDT) PT, PDT, PCB, PCdoB, PSB Lost Red X
1994 Leonel Brizola (PDT) Darcy Ribeiro (PDT) PDT, PMN Lost Red X
1989 Leonel Brizola (PDT) Fernando Lyra (PDT) - Lost Red X
Forward Avante (previously PTdoB) 2026 Augusto Cury (Avante) Júlio Delgado (Avante) Avante, Agir Lost Red X
2022 Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (PT) Geraldo Alckmin (PSB) Brazil of Hope Federation (PT, PCdoB, PV), PSB, AGIR, Avante, PSOL-Rede Federation (PSOL, Rede), Solidariedade, PROS Elected Green tick
2018 Ciro Gomes (PDT) Kátia Abreu (PDT) PDT, Avante Lost Red X
2014 Aécio Neves (PSDB) Aloysio Nunes (PSDB) PSDB, AGIR, Avante, DEM, Patriota, PMN, PODE, PTB, Solidariedade Lost Red X
2010 José Serra (PSDB) Indio da Costa (DEM) PSDB, DEM, Avante, Cidadania, PMN, PTB Lost Red X
2006 - - - -
2002 - - - -
1998 João de Deus (Avante) Nanci Pilar (Avante) - Lost Red X
Green Party PV 2026 Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (PT) Geraldo Alckmin (PSB) Brazil of Hope Federation (PT, PCdoB, PV), PSB, PSOL-Rede Federation (PSOL, Rede), PDT
2022 Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (PT) Geraldo Alckmin (PSB) Brazil of Hope Federation (PT, PCdoB, PV), PSB, AGIR, Avante, PSOL-Rede Federation (PSOL, Rede), Solidariedade, PROS Elected Green tick
2018 Marina Silva (Rede) Eduardo Jorge (PV) Rede, PV Lost Red X
2014 Eduardo Jorge (PV) Célia Sacramento (PV) - Lost Red X
2010 Marina Silva (PV) Guilherme Leal (PV) - Lost Red X
2006 - - - -
2002 - - - -
1998 Alfredo Sirkis (PV) Carla Piranda Rabello (PV) - Lost Red X
1994 Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (PT) Aloizio Mercadante (PT) PT, Cidadania, PCB, PCdoB, PSB, PSTU, PV Lost Red X
1989 Fernando Gabeira (PV) Mauricio Lobo de Abreu (PV) - Lost Red X
Liberal Party PL 2026 Flávio Bolsonaro (PL) Alfredo Gaspar (PL) - TBA
2022 Jair Bolsonaro (PL) Walter Braga Netto (PL) PL, Republicanos, PP Lost Red X
2018 Geraldo Alckmin (PSDB) Ana Amélia Lemos (PP) PSDB, PP, Cidadania, DEM, PL, PSD, PTB, Republicanos, Solidariedade Lost Red X
2014 Dilma Rousseff (PT) Michel Temer (PMDB) PT, PMDB, PCdoB, PDT, PL, PP, PROS, PSD, Republicanos Elected Green tick
2010 Dilma Rousseff (PT) Michel Temer (PMDB) PT, PMDB, AGIR, PCdoB, PDT, PL, PODE, PSB, PSC, Republicanos Elected Green tick
National Mobilization MOBILIZA (previously PMN) 2026 - - - -
2022 - - - -
2018 - - - -
2014 Aécio Neves (PSDB) Aloysio Nunes (PSDB) PSDB, AGIR, Avante, DEM, Patriota, PMN, PODE, PTB, Solidariedade Lost Red X
2010 José Serra (PSDB) Indio da Costa (DEM) PSDB, DEM, Avante, Cidadania, PMN, PTB Lost Red X
2006 - - - -
2002 Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (PT) José Alencar (PL) PT, PL, PCB, PCdoB, PMN Elected Green tick
1998 Ivan Frota (PMN) João Ferreira da Silva (PMN) - Lost Red X
1994 Leonel Brizola (PDT) Darcy Ribeiro (PDT) PDT, PMN Lost Red X
1989 Celso Brant (PMN) José Natan Emídio Neto (PMN) - Lost Red X
New Party NOVO 2026 Romeu Zema (NOVO) Eduardo Girão (NOVO) - Lost Red X
2022 Luiz Felipe d'Avila (NOVO) Tiago Mitraud (NOVO) - Lost Red X
2018 João Amoêdo (NOVO) Christian Lohbauer (NOVO) - Lost Red X
Progressives PP 2026 - - - -
2022 Jair Bolsonaro (PL) Walter Braga Netto (PL) PL, Republicanos, PP Lost Red X
2018 Geraldo Alckmin (PSDB) Ana Amélia Lemos (PP) PSDB, PP, Cidadania, DEM, PL, PSD, PTB, Republicanos, Solidariedade Lost Red X
2014 Dilma Rousseff (PT) Michel Temer (PMDB) PT, PMDB, PCdoB, PDT, PL, PP, PROS, PSD, Republicanos Elected Green tick
2010 - - - -
2006 - - - -
2002 - - - -
1998 Fernando Henrique Cardoso (PSDB) Marco Maciel (DEM) PSDB, DEM, PP, PSD, PTB Elected Green tick
Popular Unity UP 2026 Samara Martins (UP) Raquel Brício (UP) - Lost Red X
2022 Léo Péricles (UP) Samara Martins (UP) - Lost Red X
Republicans Republicanos (previously PRB) 2026 - - - -
2022 Jair Bolsonaro (PL) Walter Braga Netto (PL) PL, Republicanos, PP Lost Red X
2018 Geraldo Alckmin (PSDB) Ana Amélia Lemos (PP) PSDB, PP, Cidadania, DEM, PL, PSD, PTB, Republicanos, Solidariedade Lost Red X
2014 Dilma Rousseff (PT) Michel Temer (PMDB) PT, PMDB, PCdoB, PDT, PL, PP, PROS, PSD, Republicanos Elected Green tick
2010 Dilma Rousseff (PT) Michel Temer (PMDB) PT, PMDB, AGIR, PCdoB, PDT, PL, PODE, PSB, PSC, Republicanos Elected Green tick
2006 Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (PT) José Alencar (Republicanos) PT, Republicanos, PCdoB Elected Green tick
Social Democratic Party PSD 2026 Ronaldo Caiado (PSD) Gilberto Kassab (PSD) - Lost Red X
2022 - - - -
2018 Geraldo Alckmin (PSDB) Ana Amélia Lemos (PP) PSDB, PP, Cidadania, DEM, PL, PSD, PTB, Republicanos, Solidariedade Lost Red X
2014 Dilma Rousseff (PT) Michel Temer (PMDB) PT, PMDB, PCdoB, PDT, PL, PP, PROS, PSD, Republicanos Elected Green tick
Socialism and Liberty Party PSOL 2026 Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (PT) Geraldo Alckmin (PSB) Brazil of Hope Federation (PT, PCdoB, PV), PSB, PSOL-Rede Federation (PSOL, Rede), PDT TBA
2022 Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (PT) Geraldo Alckmin (PSB) Brazil of Hope Federation (PT, PCdoB, PV), PSB, AGIR, Avante, PSOL-Rede Federation (PSOL, Rede), Solidariedade, PROS Elected Green tick
2018 Guilherme Boulos (PSOL) Sônia Guajajara (PSOL) PSOL, PCB Lost Red X
2014 Luciana Genro (PSOL) Jorge Paz (PSOL) - Lost Red X
2010 Plínio de Arruda Sampaio (PSOL) Hamilton Assis (PSOL) - Lost Red X
2006 Heloísa Helena (PSOL) César Benjamin (PSOL) PSOL, PCB, PSTU Lost Red X
Solidarity Solidariedade 2026 - - - -
2022 Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (PT) Geraldo Alckmin (PSB) Brazil of Hope Federation (PT, PCdoB, PV), PSB, AGIR, Avante, PSOL-Rede Federation (PSOL, Rede), Solidariedade, PROS Elected Green tick
2018 Geraldo Alckmin (PSDB) Ana Amélia Lemos (PP) PSDB, PP, Cidadania, DEM, PL, PSD, PTB, Republicanos, Solidariedade Lost Red X
2014 Aécio Neves (PSDB) Aloysio Nunes (PSDB) PSDB, AGIR, Avante, DEM, Patriota, PMN, PODE, PTB, Solidariedade Lost Red X
Sustainability Network Rede 2026 Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (PT) Geraldo Alckmin (PSB) Brazil of Hope Federation (PT, PCdoB, PV), PSB, PSOL-Rede Federation (PSOL, Rede), PDT
2022 Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (PT) Geraldo Alckmin (PSB) Brazil of Hope Federation (PT, PCdoB, PV), PSB, AGIR, Avante, PSOL-Rede Federation (PSOL, Rede), Solidariedade, PROS Elected Green tick
2018 Marina Silva (Rede) Eduardo Jorge (PV) Rede, PV Lost Red X
United Socialist Workers' Party PSTU 2026 Hertz Dias (PSTU) Vanessa Portugal (PSTU) - Lost Red X
2022 Vera Lúcia Salgado (PSTU) Kunã Yporã Tremembé (PSTU) - Lost Red X
2018 Vera Lúcia Salgado (PSTU) Hertz Dias (PSTU) - Lost Red X
2014 José Maria de Almeida (PSTU) Cláudia Durans (PSTU) - Lost Red X
2010 José Maria de Almeida (PSTU) Cláudia Durans (PSTU) - Lost Red X
2006 Heloísa Helena (PSOL) César Benjamin (PSOL) PSOL, PCB, PSTU Lost Red X
2002 José Maria de Almeida (PSTU) Dayse Oliveira (PSTU) - Lost Red X
1998 José Maria de Almeida (PSTU) José Galvão de Lima (PSTU) - Lost Red X
1994 Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (PT) Aloizio Mercadante (PT) PT, Cidadania, PCB, PCdoB, PSB, PSTU, PV Lost Red X
We Can PODE (previously PTN) 2026 - - - -
2022 Simone Tebet (MDB) Mara Gabrilli (PSDB) MDB, Always Forward Federation (Cidadania, PSDB), PODE Lost Red X
2018 Álvaro Dias (Podemos) Paulo Rabelo de Castro (PSC) PODE, PSC, AGIR, PRP Lost Red X
2014 Aécio Neves (PSDB) Aloysio Nunes (PSDB) PSDB, AGIR, Avante, DEM, Patriota, PMN, PODE, PTB, Solidariedade Lost Red X
2010 Dilma Rousseff (PT) Michel Temer (PMDB) PT, PMDB, AGIR, PCdoB, PDT, PL, PODE, PSB, PSC, Republicanos Elected Green tick
2006 - - - -
2002 - - - -
1998 Thereza Ruiz (Podemos) Eduardo Gomes (Podemos) - Lost Red X
Workers' Cause Party PCO 2026 Rui Costa Pimenta (PCO) Antônio Carlos (PCO) - Lost Red X
2022 - - - -
2018 - - - -
2014 Rui Costa Pimenta (PCO) Ricardo Machado (PCO) - Lost Red X
2010 Rui Costa Pimenta (PCO) Edson Dorta Silva (PCO) - Lost Red X
2006 - - - -
2002 Rui Costa Pimenta (PCO) Pedro Paulo de Abreu (PCO) - Lost Red X
1998 - - - -
Workers' Party PT 2026 Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (PT) Geraldo Alckmin (PSB) Brazil of Hope Federation (PT, PCdoB, PV), PSB, PSOL-Rede Federation (PSOL, Rede), PDT TBA
2022 Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (PT) Geraldo Alckmin (PSB) Brazil of Hope Federation (PT, PCdoB, PV), PSB, AGIR, Avante, PSOL-Rede Federation (PSOL, Rede), Solidariedade, PROS Elected Green tick
2018 Fernando Haddad (PT) Manuela D'Ávila (PCdoB) PT, PCdoB, PROS Lost Red X
2014 Dilma Rousseff (PT) Michel Temer (PMDB) PT, PMDB, PCdoB, PDT, PL, PP, PROS, PSD, Republicanos Elected Green tick
2010 Dilma Rousseff (PT) Michel Temer (PMDB) PT, PMDB, AGIR, PCdoB, PDT, PL, PODE, PSB, PSC, Republicanos Elected Green tick
2006 Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (PT) José Alencar (Republicanos) PT, Republicanos, PCdoB Elected Green tick
2002 Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (PT) José Alencar (PL) PT, PL, PCB, PCdoB, PMN Elected Green tick
1998 Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (PT) Leonel Brizola (PDT) PT, PDT, PCB, PCdoB, PSB Lost Red X
1994 Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (PT) Aloizio Mercadante (PT) PT, Cidadania, PCB, PCdoB, PSB, PSTU, PV Lost Red X
1989 Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (PT) José Paulo Bisol (PSB) PT, PSB, PCdoB Lost Red X

Election results 1982–2018

Brazilian legislative elections (Chamber of Deputies), 1982–2018

Parties 1982 1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 2018
Workers' Party 3.5 6.9 10.2 12.8 13.2 18.4 15.0 16.9 14.0 10.3
Brazilian Democratic Movement 43.0 48,1 19.3 20.3 15.2 13.4 14.6 13.0 11.1 5.5
Brazilian Social Democracy Party - - 8.7 13.9 17.5 14.3 13.6 11.9 11.4 6.0
Liberal Front Party/Democrats - 17.7 12.4 12.9 17.3 13.4 10.9 7.6 4.2 4.7
Liberal Party / Party of the Republic - 2.8 4.3 3.5 2.5 4.3 4.4 7.6 5.8 5.3
Brazilian Socialist Party - 0.9 1.9 2.2 3.4 5.3 6.2 7.1 6.5 5.5
Progressistas - - - 6.9 11.3 7.8 7.1 6.6 6.4 5.6
Democratic Labour Party 5.8 6.5 10.0 7.2 5.7 5.1 5.2 5.0 3.6 4.6
Brazilian Labour Party 4.5 4.5 5.6 5.2 5.7 4.6 4.7 4.2 4.0 2.1
Green Party - - - 0.1 0.4 1.3 3.6 3.8 2.1 1.6
Social Christian Party - - 0.8 0.5 0.7 0.6 1.9 3.2 2.5 1.8
Communist Party of Brazil - 0.8 0.9 1.2 1.3 2.2 2.1 2.8 2.0 1.4
Popular Socialist Party - 0.9 1.0 0.6 1.3 3.1 3.9 2.6 2.0 1.6
Brazilian Republican Party - - - - - - 0.3 1.7 4.5 5.1
Socialism and Liberty Party - - - - - - 1.2 1.2 1.8 2.8
Party of National Mobilization - - 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.9 1.1 0.5 0.6
Democratic Social / Reform Progressive Party 43.2 7.8 8.9 9.4 - - - - - -
National Reconstruction Party / Christian Labour Party - - 8.3 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.9 0.6 0.7 0.6
Christian Democratic Party / Christian Social Democratic Party / Christian Democracy - 1.2 3.0 - 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.5 0.4
Party of the Reconstruction of the National Order - - - 0.7 0.9 2.1 1.0 - - -
Social Democratic Party - - - - - - - - 6.2 5.8
Republican Party of the Social Order - - - - - - - - 2.0 2.1
Solidariedade - - - - - - - - 2.7 2.0
National Labor Party / Podemos - - - - 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.4 2.3
National Ecologic Party / Patriota - - - - - - - - 0.7 1.5
Labour Party of Brazil / Avante - - 0.2 - 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.7 0.8 1.9
Humanist Party of Solidarity - - - - - 0.3 0.5 0.8 0.9 1.5
Progressive Republican Party - - 0.2 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.7 0.9
Social Liberal Party - - - - 0.3 0.5 0.2 0.5 0.8 11.7
Brazilian Labour Renewal Party - - - 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.7
New Party - - - - - - - - - 2.8
Sustainability Network - - - - - - - - - 0.8
Others 0.0 2.8 3.7 0.7 1.7 1.5 0.4 0.0 0.7 0.7

Source: Source:

Referendums

Brazil has held three national referendums in its history. In the first, held on January 6, 1963, the people voted for the re-establishment of the presidential system of government (82% of valid ballots), which had been modified by a constitutional amendment in 1961. A second referendum, as ordered by the Federal Constitution of 1988, was held on April 21, 1993, when the voters voted for a republican form of government and reaffirmed the presidential system.

A third national referendum, on the prohibition of the commerce of personal firearms and ammunition, was held on October 23, 2005. The ban proposal was rejected by 64% of the electorate.

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Compared to the combined results of Podemos and the Social Christian Party in 2022. The Social Christian Party merged into Podemos in 2023.
  2. ↑ Compared to the combined results of the Brazilian Labour Party and Patriot in 2022. The two parties merged to form the Democratic Renewal Party in 2022.
  3. ↑ Compared to the Brazilian Woman's Party in 2022. The party was renamed to Democrat in 2025.

References

  1. ↑ Gallagher, Michael. "Election Indices" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 July 2024. Retrieved 29 July 2024.
  2. ↑ Nohlen, Dieter (2005). Nohlen, Dieter; Grotz, Florian; Hartmann, Christof (eds.). Elections in the Americas: A Data Handbook. Volume 2: South America. Oxford University Press.
  3. ↑ BBC News (28 October 2018). "Brazil election: Your guide in five charts". Retrieved 31 August 2025.
  4. ↑ Rudolph, Phil (1 February 2025). "New leaders elected to Brazil's Congress promise independence from Lula". Reuters. Retrieved 31 August 2025.
  5. ↑ Brazil: Lula renounces candidacy ahead of presidential poll
  6. ↑ "Grumpy about voting reform". The Economist. 2011-02-22. Retrieved 2011-05-04.
  7. ↑ "The Federal Senate". Portal da Câmara dos Deputados. Retrieved 2011-05-04.
  8. ↑ Andrianantoandro, Andy (2010-10-14). "Brazil's Presidential Hopefuls Face Runoff, National Congress Needs Reform". FairVote.org. Retrieved 2011-05-04.
  9. ↑ "Como funciona o sistema proporcional?". Tribunal Superior Eleitoral (Superior Electoral Court). Archived from the original on 2017-09-02. Retrieved 2017-09-01.
  10. ↑ Romao, Mauricio (2010-05-05). "Parlamentares "Eleitos Por Média"". Archived from the original on 2017-09-02. Retrieved 2017-09-01.
  11. ↑ ""Voting is compulsory for Brazilians aged 18 to 70"". Tribunal Superior Eleitoral (Superior Electoral Court). Archived from the original on 2020-11-11. Retrieved 2019-04-08.
  12. ↑ Power, Timothy J. (2009). "Compulsory for Whom? Mandatory Voting and Electoral Participation in Brazil, 1986-2006". Journal of Politics in Latin America. 1 (1): 97–122. doi:10.1177/1866802x0900100105.
  13. ↑ Stott, Michael; Pooler, Michael; Harris, Bryan (June 22, 2023). "The discreet US campaign to defend Brazil's election". Financial Times. Retrieved June 23, 2023.