Camaenidae

Camaenidae
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
Order: Stylommatophora
Superfamily: Helicoidea
Family: Camaenidae
Pilsbry, 1895
Type genus
Camaena
Albers, 1850
Genera

See text

Synonyms
  • Bradybaenidae Pilsbry, 1934 (1898)
  • Crassispirinae McLean, 1971
  • Zonulispirinae McLean, 1971

Camaenidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Helicoidea, the typical snails and their allies. This is one of the most diverse families in the clade Stylommatophora.

These snails occur in a wide variety of habitats in the tropics of Eastern Asia and Australasia.

A large American group, which is mainly represented by species from the Caribbean, has, until recently, also been subsumed under the Camaenidae. However, latest molecular phylogenetic studies showed that these species represent a different family, the Pleurodontidae.

This molecular study also implies that the Bradybaeninae, previously treated as a distinct family within the Helicoidea, is a junior synonym of the Camaenidae.

Anatomy

Camaenid shells are often quite large (25–50 mm), but a number of species also have small shells (<5 mm). Shells reveal a remarkable diversity in shape and colour, which is partly linked with their lifestyle. For instance, arboreal species tend to have large and conical shells, whereas terrestrial species often have rather flat shells. The shells of some taxa can be vividly coloured, showing banding or other conspicuous patterns, but others are plain and uniform.

This family is defined by a missing stimulatory organ. There are no synapomorphies uniting this diverse family. The Australasian group is a closely related to the Bradybaeninae.

In this family, the number of haploid chromosomes lies between 26 and 30 (according to the values in this table).

Taxonomy

Division into subfamilies has been suggested, however, given the unresolved relationships on the family level, the subfamilial treatments must be considered hypothetical. They do not reflect the results of comprehensive phylogenetic analyses and are not corroborated by current molecular data.

The following three subfamilies have been recognized in the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi (2005) (as based on a suggestion of Alan Solem)

A different taxonomy of the Caemenidae was used by Schileyko (1998–2003).

The new taxonomy of the gastropods, published in 2017 and accepted by WoRMS, gives the following subfamilies:

As of March 2023, WoRMS accepts four subfamilies:

Genera

The following genera are accepted in the Camaenidae:

Genera not placed in a subfamily:

Subfamily Bradybaeninae Pilsbry, 1934 (1898):

Subfamily Camaeninae:

Subfamily Hadrinae:

Subfamily Helicostylinae:

References

  1. ↑ Pilsbry H. A. (1895). Manual of Conchology, structural and systematic, with illustrations of the species. Second series: Pulmonata. Helicidae – Volume VII. 9(33a): xxxii.
  2. ↑ Cuezzo M. G. (2003). "Phylogenetic analysis of the Camaenidae (Mollusca: Stylommatophora) with special emphasis on the American taxa". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 138(4): 449-476. doi:10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00061.x.
  3. ↑ Wade, C.M., Hudelot, C., Davison, A., Naggs, F., Mordan, P.B. Molecular phylogeny of the helicoid land snails (Pulmonata: Stylommatophora: Helicoidea), with special emphasis on the Camaenidae. Journal of Molluscan Studies 73: 411-415.
  4. ↑ Bouchet, P., Rocroi, J.P. Classification and Nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia 47: 1-397.
  5. ↑ Scott B. 1996. Phylogenetic relationships of the Camaenidae (Pulmonata: Stylommatophora: Helicoidea). Journal of Molluscan Studies, 62: 65-73. Abstract[link removed]
  6. ↑ Barker G. M.: Gastropods on Land: Phylogeny, Diversity and Adaptive Morphology. in Barker G. M. (ed.): The biology of terrestrial molluscs. CABI Publishing, Oxon, UK, 2001, ISBN 0-85199-318-4. 1-146, cited pages: 139 and 142.
  7. ↑ Kobelt W. (1902). Systematisches Conchilien-Cabinet, ed. 2, Bd. 1, Abt 13, Theil 2: 1033.
  8. ↑ Iredale T. (1938). The Australian Zoologist 9(2): 112.
  9. ↑ Solem A. (1992). Records of the South Australian Museum, Monograph series 2: 161.
  10. ↑ Schileyko A. A. (1998-2003). Treatise on Recent terrestrial pulmonate molluscs. Ruthenica supplement 2.
  11. ↑ Revised Classification, Nomenclator and Typification of Gastropod and Monoplacophoran Families; Malacologia 61(1-2):1-526. 2017
  12. 1 2 "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Camaenidae Pilsbry, 1895". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 15 March 2023.

Further reading