Campephilus

Campephilus
Pale-billed woodpecker (Campephilus guatemalensis)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Piciformes
Family: Picidae
Tribe: Campephilini
Genus: Campephilus
G.R. Gray, 1840
Type species
Picus principalis
Linnaeus, 1758
Species

see text

Campephilus is a genus of large American woodpeckers in the family Picidae.

Taxonomy

The genus Campephilus was introduced by English zoologist George Robert Gray in 1840, with the ivory-billed woodpecker (Campephilus principalis) as the type species. The genus name combines the Ancient Greek kampē meaning "caterpillar" and philos meaning "loving". The genus is placed in the tribe Campephilini in the subfamily Picinae and is sister to a clade containing woodpeckers from Southeast Asia in the genera Chrysocolaptes, Blythipicus, and Reinwardtipicus.

Species

The genus contains 12 species:

ImageCommon nameScientific nameDistribution IUCN status
Powerful woodpeckerCampephilus pollensColombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela LC
Splendid woodpeckerCampephilus splendensPanama, western Colombia and northwestern Ecuador LC
Crimson-bellied woodpeckerCampephilus haematogasterColombia, Ecuador, and Peru. LC
Red-necked woodpeckerCampephilus rubricollisBolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela. LC
Robust woodpeckerCampephilus robustusArgentina, Brazil, and Paraguay. LC
Crimson-crested woodpeckerCampephilus melanoleucosPanama south to northern border regions of Argentina, and on Trinidad. LC
Guayaquil woodpeckerCampephilus gayaquilensissouthern Colombia, Ecuador and northern Peru. LC
Pale-billed woodpeckerCampephilus guatemalensisnorthern Mexico to western Panama. LC
Cream-backed woodpeckerCampephilus leucopogonArgentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay and far northwestern Uruguay. LC
Magellanic woodpeckerCampephilus magellanicussouthern Chile and southwestern Argentina LC
Ivory-billed woodpeckerCampephilus principalisSouthern United States CR
Cuban ivory-billed woodpecker Campephilus principalis bairdii Cuba CR
(?†) Imperial woodpeckerCampephilus imperialis – possibly extinct (1956 – 2001)Mexico CR possibly EX

A fossil species, C. dalquesti, was described from bones found in Late Pleistocene deposits of Scurry County, Texas.

Notes

  1. ↑ Shares its status with the nominate species
  2. ↑ Declared extinct by the Federal Government of Mexico in 2001, but they have a recovery plan in the event of rediscovery.

References

  1. ↑ "Picidae". Howard & Moore Checklist Online. Trust for Avian Systematics. Retrieved 2023-07-26.
  2. ↑ Benz, Brett W.; Robbins, Mark B. & Peterson, A. Townsend (2006): Evolutionary history of woodpeckers and allies (Aves: Picidae): Placing key taxa on the phylogenetic tree. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 40: 389–399. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.02.021
  3. ↑ Gray, George Robert (1840). A List of the Genera of Birds : with an Indication of the Typical Species of Each Genus. London: R. and J.E. Taylor. p. 54.
  4. ↑ Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 87. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
  5. ↑ Shakya, S.B.; Fuchs, J.; Pons, J.M.; Sheldon, F.H. (2017). "Tapping the woodpecker tree for evolutionary insight". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 116: 182–191. Bibcode:2017MolPE.116..182S. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2017.09.005. PMID 28890006.
  6. ↑ Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (July 2023). "Woodpeckers". IOC World Bird List Version 13.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
  7. ↑ "Systematics - Ivory-billed Woodpecker - Campephilus principalis - Birds of the World". birdsoftheworld.org. Retrieved 2025-03-07.