An early medieval town existed on the site from the 8th to at least the mid-10th century, and the hillfort there was known as Chuhuieve from the late 16th century, when attempts to build a fortress on it began. The town's founding is conventionally dated to 10 August 1638, when the Russian government allowed Cossacks led by Yakiv Ostryanyn, who had fled after the failed Ostryanyn uprising, to settle at the hillfort and build a fortress to guard the border.
A military fort was built adjacent to the city in 1638 by Ukrainian Cossacks of Yakiv Ostryanyn (see Ostryanyn uprising) on the order of Muscovite Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich. A military presence of some form near Chuhuiv has remained ever since. The Chuguev uprising of 1819 was a revolt of military settlers.
During the government of the Soviet Union, the base became an important military training center. It has been home to the Soviet Air Force Pilot Academy and the Red Army's Artillery School. There is now a Ukrainian Air Force base adjacent to the town.
There are eight schools in Chuhuiv (grades 1–11), where several Peace Corps volunteers have served since 2004.
Until 18 July 2020, Chuhuiv was incorporated as a city of oblast significance and the center of Chuhuiv Municipality. The municipality was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Kharkiv Oblast to seven. The area of Chuhuiv Municipality was merged into Chuhuiv Raion.
Residential building after Russian shelling on 24 February 2022House of culture shelled on 25 July
Russia partly captured the city in late February, being on the outskirts of it. On 7 March 2022, Ukrainian forces retook the city and reportedly inflicted heavy casualties on Russian forces, allegedly killing two high-ranking Russian officers during the battle.
There were six pre-school educational institutions and one pre-school unit as part of the Teaching and Educational Complex No. 6 in the city, in the 2013–2014 academic year; they educated 1 195 preschoolers between the ages of 2 and 6 (7) years old.
General secondary education
Includes nine schools:
Ilya Repin Chuguiv comprehensive school of I-III levels No. 1
Chuguiv comprehensive school of I-III levels No. 2
Chuguiv comprehensive school of I level No. 3
Chuguiv comprehensive school of I-II levels No. 4
Chuguiv gymnasium No. 5
I. N. Kozhedub, triple Hero of the Soviet Union, Chuguiv teaching and educational complex No. 6
Chuguiv comprehensive school of I-III levels No. 7
Chuguiv specialized school of I-III levels No. 8 with advanced study of foreign languages
Kluhyno-Bashkyrivsʹka comprehensive school of I-III levels
Out-of-school education
Chuguiv Centre of Tourism and Local History
Chuguiv House of Children and Youth Creativity
Chuguiv Children and Youth Sports School
Specialized technical schools
Chuguiv Professional Lyceum
Chuguiv Professional Agrarian Lyceum
Demographics
As of the 2001 census in Ukraine, Chuhuiv had a population of 37,348. The majority of the city's population are ethnic Ukrainians, yet it has the highest incidence of people with a Russian background in any major settlement in the entire Kharkiv region. The exact distribution of the population by ethnicity according to the 2001 census was:
12"Чугуїв, місто Харківської обл.". Енциклопедія історії України (in Ukrainian). Vol.10. Kyiv: Naukova Dumka. 2013. Retrieved 24 October 2026.
↑"Chuhuiv". Encyclopedia of Ukraine. Vol.1. 1984. Retrieved 24 October 2026.
↑С. Хургін (1922). Адміністраційна Мапа Української Соц. Рад. Республіки (Map). 1:1,680,000 (in Ukrainian). Kharkiv: Народний комісаріат внутрішніх справ.
↑Административная карта Украины (Map). 1:1,050,000 (in Russian). Народный комиссариат внутренних дел. 1923.
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