List of cryptids

Cryptids are animals or other beings whose present existence is disputed or unsubstantiated by science. Cryptozoology, the study of cryptids, is a pseudoscience claiming that such beings may exist somewhere in the wild; it has been widely critiqued by scientists. The subculture is regularly criticized for reliance on anecdotal information and because in the course of investigating animals that most scientists believe are unlikely to have existed, cryptozoologists do not follow the scientific method. Many scientists have criticized the plausibility of cryptids due to lack of physical evidence, likely misidentifications and misinterpretation of stories from folklore. While biologists regularly identify new species following established scientific methodology, cryptozoologists focus on entities mentioned in the folklore record and rumor.

List

Aquatic or semi-aquatic

Name Other names Description Purported location Depiction
Anguila peluda Hairy eel[citation needed] Giant eel Pamital ravine, Canary Islands
Beast of Busco Oscar Giant snapping turtle Churubusco, Indiana, United States
Bunyip Amphibious creature, described originally in Aboriginal Australian legends as a cross between a large Ratite bird and an alligator. Australia
Cadborosaurus Caddy Sea animal Pacific Coast of North America
Champ Champy Lake monster Lake Champlain, North America
Cryptid whales Giglioli's whale, Rhinoceros dolphin, High-finned sperm whale, Alula whale, Unidentified beaked whales Sea animal Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean
Dobhar-chú Water Hound, King Otter Extra-large otter-like carnivorous aquatic mammal Ireland
Gloucester sea serpent Large serpent Gloucester, Massachusetts

(Cape Ann), United States
Ground Shark Man-eating shark that lacks a prominent dorsal fin and lies in wait for its prey on the seafloor Timor Sea
Iemisch Iemisch Listai[citation needed] Mix of a jaguar and otter Patagonian region of Argentina
Igopogo Kempenfelt Kelly Lake monster Lake Simcoe, Ontario, Canada
Labynkyr Devil Labynkyrsky Chert[citation needed] Lake monster Oymyakonsky Ulus, Sakha Republic, Russia
Loch Ness Monster Nessie Lake monster Loch Ness, Scotland Sculpture of the Loch Ness monster as a plesiosaurus
Loveland Frog Loveland frogman, Loveland lizard Humanoid frog Loveland, Ohio, United States
Manipogo Lake monster Lake Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada
Mbielu-mbielu-mbielu Stegosaurid dinosaur (lake, river and/or swamp monster) Democratic Republic of the Congo
Megalodon (surviving populations) Otodus megalodon Giant prehistoric shark Oceans
Mermaid Siren Top half human female and bottom half fish Oceans, various bodies of water
Mokele-mbembe Dinosaur (lake, river and/or swamp monster) Democratic Republic of the Congo
Montauk Monster Small bald beaked mammal Montauk, New York, United States
Morgawr Sea serpent Falmouth Bay, Cornwall, United Kingdom
Ogopogo N'ha•a•itk, Naitaka Lake monster Okanagan Lake, British Columbia, Canada
Sea serpents Sea animals, dinosaurs All bodies of water
Selma Seljords-ormen, Sjøormen av Seljordsvatnet Lake monster Lake Seljord, Telemark, Norway
Steller's sea ape Simia marina Sea animal Northern Pacific Ocean
Storsjö monster Lake monster Lake Storsjön, Jämtland, Sweden

Terrestrial

Name Other names Description Purported location Depiction
British big cats Alien big cats, phantom cats,[citation needed]
Beast of Bodmin, Beast of Exmoor		 Non-native, wild big cats Great Britain
Chupacabra Chupacabras (Spanish for goat-sucker) Highly variable – typically falling into two categories: 1) bipedal humanoid with spiked spines (original description); 2) a quadrupedal canid Puerto Rico (originally),
South and Central America,
Southern North America
Dover Demon Approximately four-foot tall humanoid creature with glowing eyes Dover, Massachusetts, United States
Fresno nightcrawler Resembling a pair of white trousers, this creature reportedly has long, white legs immediately topped by a rounded head. Fresno, California, United States
Grafton monster A tall, pale headless figure who produces strange whistling noises. Grafton, West Virginia
Goatman Pope Lick Monster; Lake Worth monster Humanoid creature with the torso and head of a man (with horns sprouting from the head) and the legs of a goat Prince George's County, Maryland; Louisville, Kentucky; Lake Worth, Texas
Katanga Snake Greenish-Brown 50-foot long snake with a horse-like head Katanga Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Lizard Man of Scape Ore Swamp Lizard Man of Lee County[citation needed] Bipedal, humanoid reptilian creature Lee County, South Carolina, United States
Michigan Dogman Humanoid dog Wexford County, Michigan, United States
Moa (surviving original populations) Dinornis robustus (South Island giant moa), Dinornis novaezelandiae (North Island giant moa), Anomalopteryx didiformis (Bush moa, little bush moa, or lesser moa) Medium to large flightless birds New Zealand
Mongolian death worm Allghoi khorkhoi Worm-like animal Gobi Desert (Asia)
Nandi bear Chemosit, Kerit,[citation needed] Koddoelo, Ngoelo,[citation needed] Duba[citation needed] Large, powerfully built carnivore Eastern Africa
Phantom kangaroo Kangaroos which appear outside of their normal range of Australia and New Guinea. Chicago, Illinois

Japan United Kingdom Sweden
Queensland Tiger Yarri Large feline Queensland, Australia
Thylacine (surviving original populations) Tasmanian tiger, Tasmanian wolf, Thylacinus cynocephalus Carnivorous marsupial Australia,

Papua New Guinea

Hominid

Name Other names Description Purported location Depiction
Almas Abnauayu, almasty, albasty, bekk-bok,
biabin-guli, golub-yavan, gul-biavan, auli-avan,
kaptar, kra-dhun, ksy-giik, ksy-gyik, ochokochi,
mirygdy, mulen, voita, wind-man, Zana		 Non-human ape or hominid Asia/Caucasus
Amomongo Ape or hominid Negros Occidental, Philippines
Bigfoot Sasquatch Large and hairy ape-like creature United States and Canada
Bukit Timah Monkey Man BTM, BTMM Forest-dwelling hominid or other primate Singapore
Chatawa Monster Large ape-like creature Pike County, Mississippi, United States
Chuchunya Large hominid Russia
Ebu gogo Human-like creatures; some cryptozoologists have claimed the stories arise from contact with surviving populations of Homo floresiensis ("Flores Man" or "Hobbit") Flores Island, Indonesia
Fouke Monster Boggy Creek Monster Hominid or other primate Arkansas, United States
Honey Island Swamp monster Hominid or other primate Louisiana, United States
Mapinguari Mapinguary Man-eating hominid with a mouth on its abdomen; sometimes thought to be a ground sloth Brazil
Mogollon Monster Arizona Bigfoot Large hominid Arizona
Nittaewo Nittevo Small hominid Sri Lanka
Orang Pendek Small hominid Sumatra, Indonesia
Skunk ape Stink Ape, Shaawanoki Primate Florida, United States
Yeren Yiren, Yeh Ren, Chinese Wildman[citation needed] Primate (possible hominin) China
Yeti Abominable Snowman Large and hairy human-like entity, various other descriptions Himalayas (Asia)
Yowie Large and hairy human-like entity, various other descriptions Australia

Flying

Name Other names Description Purported location Depiction
Flatwoods monster Braxton County Monster, Phantom of Flatwoods, Flatwoods Green Monster A floating creature with a head that looks like a spade Flatwoods, West Virginia
Jersey Devil Leeds Devil Winged, bipedal horse United States, mainly the South Jersey Pine Barrens, as well as other parts of New Jersey and southeastern Pennsylvania
Kongamato Living species of pterosaur Mwinilunga, Zambia;

Angola; The Democratic Republic of the Congo
Mothman Winged bipedal Mason County, West Virginia, United States

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Otodus is the currently accepted genus name for megalodon. Older sources refer to the genus as Carcharodon, Carcharocles, and several other names.
  2. ↑ There is an ongoing de-extinction project to revive the bush moa through genome editing,[citation needed] this entry refers to the possibility of surviving original populations
  3. ↑ There is an ongoing project to revive the species through genome editing, this entry refers to the unconfirmed sightings and reports of surviving original populations

References

  1. ↑ Mullis (2021: 185): "Eschewing the rigors of science, cryptozoologists publish for a popular audience rather than for experts resulting in the practice itself frequently being derided as a pseudoscience."
  2. ↑ Loxton & Prothero (2013: 332): "Whatever the romantic appeal of monster mysteries, cryptozoology as it exists today is unquestionably a pseudoscience." Loxton & Prothero (2013: 320): "Cryptozoology has a reputation of being part of a general pseudoscientific fringe—just one more facet of paranormal belief." (Both quotes from Donald Prothero)
  3. ↑ Church (2009: 251–252): "Cryptozoology has acquired a bad reputation as a pseudoscience [...] Until detailed, methodical research becomes standard practice among cryptozoologists, the field will remain disrespected by more traditional biologists and zoologists."
  4. ↑ Roesch & Moore (2002: 71–78): "Pointing to this rampant speculation and ignorance of established scientific theories in cryptozoology, as well as the field's poor record of success and its reliance on unsystematic, anecdotal evidence, many scientists and skeptics classify cryptozoology as a pseudoscience."
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