Dryosauridae

Dryosauridae
Temporal range: Middle Jurassic – Early Cretaceous, 164–115 Ma
Dysalotosaurus skeletal mount in Berlin
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Clade: Dinosauria
Clade: †Ornithischia
Clade: †Ornithopoda
Clade: †Iguanodontia
Clade: †Dryomorpha
Family: †Dryosauridae
Milner & Norman, 1984
Subgroups

Dryosauridae is an extinct family of herbivorous bipedal ornithopod dinosaurs, first proposed by Milner & Norman in 1984. They are known from Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous rocks of Africa, Europe, and North America, with their fossil record possibly extending to South America, Australia and Antarctica and to the Late Cretaceous if elasmarians are included in the group.

Dryosauridae was first proposed in 1984 by British paleontologists Andrew R. Milner and David B. Norman, as a family to unite the early ornithopods Dryosaurus, Valdosaurus, and possibly Parksosaurus and Mochlodon. Milner and Norman separated these taxa from the family Hypsilophodontidae as they showed greater similarity with hadrosaurids and iguanodontids. The spelling had previously been used as a typographical error by Deraniyagala in 1939 for Dyrosauridae. Dryosaurids were cursorial animals adapted for running.

Classification

Until recently, many dryosaurids have been regarded as dubious (Callovosaurus) or as species of the type member, Dryosaurus (Dysalotosaurus, Elrhazosaurus and Valdosaurus). However, more recent studies redescribe these genera as valid. Under the Phylocode, Madzia et al. (2021) formally defined Dryosauridae as "the largest clade containing Dryosaurus altus but not Iguanodon bernissartensis." The cladogram below follows their chosen reference phylogeny, taken from the description of Orthomerus dolloi.

Iguanodontia

References

  1. 1 2 Milner, A.R.; Norman, D.B. (1984). "The biogeography of advanced ornithopod dinosaurs (Archosauria: Ornithischia) - a cladistic-vicariance model". In Reif, W.-E.; Westphal, F. (eds.). Third Symposium on Mesozoic Terrestrial Ecosystems, Short Papers. Attempto Verlag. pp. 145–150.
  2. 1 2 Dieudonné, Paul-Emile; Becerra, Marcos Gabriel; Zanesco, Tábata; Tortosa, Thierry; Cruzado-Caballero, Penélope; Stein, Koen; Torcida Fernández-Baldor, Fidel (2026-02-01). "Foskeia pelendonum, a new rhabdodontomorph from the Lower Cretaceous of Salas de los Infantes (Burgos Province, Spain), and a new phylogeny of ornithischian dinosaurs". Papers in Palaeontology. 12 (1) e70057. Bibcode:2026PPal...1270057D. doi:10.1002/spp2.70057. ISSN 2056-2799.
  3. 1 2 Dieudonné, P.-É.; Paulina-Carabajal, A.; Cruzado-Caballero, P. (2026). "A redescription of the holotype skull of the ornithischian dinosaur Gasparinisaura cincosaltensis (Dryosauridae, Dysalotosaurinae clade nov.) and phylogenetic implications". Cretaceous Research 106478. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2026.106478.
  4. ↑ Norman, David B.; Weishampel, David B. (1990). "Iguanodontidae and related ornithopods". In Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; Osmólska Halszka (eds.). The Dinosauria. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 510–533. ISBN 0-520-06727-4.
  5. ↑ Norman, David B. (2004). "Basal Iguanodontia". In Weishampel, D.B.; Dodson, P.; Osmólska H. (eds.). The Dinosauria (2nd ed.). Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 413–437. ISBN 0-520-24209-2.
  6. 1 2 Ruiz-Omeñaca, José Ignacio; Pereda Suberbiola Xabier; Galton, Peter M. (2007). "Callovosaurus leedsi, the earliest dryosaurid dinosaur (Ornithischia: Euornithopoda) from the Middle Jurassic of England". In Carpenter Kenneth (ed.). Horns and Beaks: Ceratopsian and Ornithopod Dinosaurs. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press. pp. 3–16. ISBN 978-0-253-34817-3.
  7. 1 2 Galton, Peter M. (2009). "Notes on Neocomian (Lower Cretaceous) ornithopod dinosaurs from England – Hypsilophodon, Valdosaurus, "Camptosaurus", "Iguanodon" – and referred specimens from Romania and elsewhere" (PDF). Revue de Paléobiologie. 28 (1): 211–273. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2011-07-08. Retrieved 2010-02-14.
  8. ↑ Kuhn, O. (1967). Amphibien und Reptilien. Gustav Fischer Verlag. p. 67.
  9. ↑ Escaso, Fernando; Ortega, Francisco; Dantas, Pedro; Malafaia, Elisabete; Silva, Bruno; Gasulla, José M.; Mocho, Pedro; Narváez, Iván; Sanz, JosÉ L. (2014-07-29). "A new dryosaurid ornithopod (Dinosauria, Ornithischia) from the Late Jurassic of Portugal". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 34 (5): 1102–1112. doi:10.1080/02724634.2014.849715. hdl:20.500.14468/31946. ISSN 0272-4634.
  10. ↑ McDonald, A.T.; Kirkland, J.I.; DeBlieux, D.D.; Madsen, S.K.; Cavin, J.; Milner, A.R.C.; Panzarin, L. (2010). "New Basal Iguanodonts from the Cedar Mountain Formation of Utah and the Evolution of Thumb-Spiked Dinosaurs". PLOS ONE. 5 (11) e14075. Bibcode:2010PLoSO...514075M. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0014075. PMC 2989904. PMID 21124919.
  11. ↑ Andrew T. McDonald (2011). "The taxonomy of species assigned to Camptosaurus (Dinosauria: Ornithopoda)" (PDF). Zootaxa. 2783: 52–68. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2783.1.4. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2012-04-12. Retrieved 2011-10-13.
  12. ↑ Paul M. Barrett; Richard J. Butler; Richard J. Twitchett; Stephen Hutt (2011). "New material of Valdosaurus canaliculatus (Ornithischia: Ornithopoda) from the Lower Cretaceous of southern England". Special Papers in Palaeontology. 86: 131–163.
  13. ↑ Madzia, Daniel; Arbour, Victoria M.; Boyd, Clint A.; Farke, Andrew A.; Cruzado-Caballero, Penélope; Evans, David C. (2021-12-09). "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs". PeerJ. 9 e12362. doi:10.7717/peerj.12362. ISSN 2167-8359. PMC 8667728. PMID 34966571.
  14. ↑ Madzia, Daniel; Jagt, John W. M.; Mulder, Eric W. A. (2020-04-01). "Osteology, phylogenetic affinities and taxonomic status of the enigmatic late Maastrichtian ornithopod taxon Orthomerus dolloi (Dinosauria, Ornithischia)". Cretaceous Research. 108 104334. Bibcode:2020CrRes.10804334M. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2019.104334. ISSN 0195-6671.