Early Closing Association

The Early Closing Association was formed in the United Kingdom in 1842 or 1843 to control the hours of labour in retail shops. It was promoted by Samuel Carter Hall, George Dawson and John Passmore Edwards, among others. Half-day early closing was not finally won until 1912. ^{[citation needed]}

Victoria (Australia)

A similar association was founded in Melbourne in the 1850s. Retail workers sought to reduce the number of work hours and to introduce early closing on Saturdays.

References

↑ "Early Closing Probert Encyclopaedia Archived 2012-04-02 at the Wayback Machine
↑ Mandler, Peter. "Hall, Samuel Carter". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/11987. (Subscription, Wikipedia Library access or UK public library membership required.)
↑ Sellers, Ian. "Dawson, George". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/7347. (Subscription, Wikipedia Library access or UK public library membership required.)
↑ Morris, A. J. A. "Edwards, John Passmore". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/32981. (Subscription, Wikipedia Library access or UK public library membership required.)
↑ "Fight for retail hours". Ergo. Retrieved 14 July 2025.

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[1] "Early Closing Probert Encyclopaedia Archived 2012-04-02 at the Wayback Machine

[2] Mandler, Peter. "Hall, Samuel Carter". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/11987. (Subscription, Wikipedia Library access or UK public library membership required.)

[3] Sellers, Ian. "Dawson, George". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/7347. (Subscription, Wikipedia Library access or UK public library membership required.)

[4] Morris, A. J. A. "Edwards, John Passmore". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/32981. (Subscription, Wikipedia Library access or UK public library membership required.)

[5] "Fight for retail hours". Ergo. Retrieved 14 July 2025.