Echophenomenon

Echophenomenon (also known as echo phenomenon; from Ancient Greek ἠχώ (ēkhṓ) "echo, reflected sound") is "automatic imitative actions without explicit awareness" or pathological repetitions of external stimuli or activities, actions, sounds, or phrases, indicative of an underlying disorder.

The echophenomena include repetition:

echolalia (syn. echophrasia) – of vocalizations (the most common of the echophenomena)
- echopalilalia – of words
- echothanatologia - of words centered on death, described in a review of grief in the context of neurodevelopmental disorders
echopraxia (syn. echokinesis, echomatism) – of actions, movements
- echothanatopraxia - of actions related to the cause of death
echopathy – of actions or speech
echoplasia – physically or mentally, tracing contours of objects
echolalioplasia – involving sign language, described in one individual with Tourette syndrome (as of 2012^[update]).

References

1 2 3 4 5 Ganos C, Ogrzal T, Schnitzler A, Münchau A (September 2012). "The pathophysiology of echopraxia/echolalia: relevance to Gilles de la Tourette syndrome". Mov. Disord. 27 (10): 1222–9. doi:10.1002/mds.25103. PMID 22807284.
↑ Ford RA (1989). "The psychopathology of echophenomena". Psychol Med. 19 (3): 627–635. doi:10.1017/s0033291700024223. PMID 2477866.
1 2 Kawohl W, Podoll K (2008). "Contour copying or echoplasia – a new echo phenomenon in a person with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome" (PDF). Psychopathology. 41 (3): 201–2. doi:10.1159/000120989. PMID 18337631. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-08-08. Retrieved 2019-12-14.
1 2 3 Robert Jean Campbell (2009). Campbell's Psychiatric Dictionary. Oxford University Press. p. 317. ISBN 978-0-19-534159-1.
1 2 Mair, Ally Pax Arcari; Nimbley, Emy; McConachie, Doug; Goodall, Karen; Gillespie-Smith, Karri (2024-04-03). "Understanding the Neurodiversity of Grief: A Systematic Literature Review of Experiences of Grief and Loss in the Context of Neurodevelopmental Disorders". Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. doi:10.1007/s40489-024-00447-0. hdl:20.500.11820/a719370b-7c93-4e24-8d2c-447e00303cf4. ISSN 2195-7185.
↑ Lang AE, Consky E, Sandor P (1993). ""Signing tics"--insights into the pathophysiology of symptoms in Tourette's syndrome". Ann Neurol. 33 (2): 212–5. doi:10.1002/ana.410330212. PMID 8434883.

[Ganos-1] 1 2 3 4 5 Ganos C, Ogrzal T, Schnitzler A, Münchau A (September 2012). "The pathophysiology of echopraxia/echolalia: relevance to Gilles de la Tourette syndrome". Mov. Disord. 27 (10): 1222–9. doi:10.1002/mds.25103. PMID 22807284.

[Ford-2] Ford RA (1989). "The psychopathology of echophenomena". Psychol Med. 19 (3): 627–635. doi:10.1017/s0033291700024223. PMID 2477866.

[Kawohl-3] 1 2 Kawohl W, Podoll K (2008). "Contour copying or echoplasia – a new echo phenomenon in a person with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome" (PDF). Psychopathology. 41 (3): 201–2. doi:10.1159/000120989. PMID 18337631. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-08-08. Retrieved 2019-12-14.

[Campbell2009-4] 1 2 3 Robert Jean Campbell (2009). Campbell's Psychiatric Dictionary. Oxford University Press. p. 317. ISBN 978-0-19-534159-1.

[:0-5] 1 2 Mair, Ally Pax Arcari; Nimbley, Emy; McConachie, Doug; Goodall, Karen; Gillespie-Smith, Karri (2024-04-03). "Understanding the Neurodiversity of Grief: A Systematic Literature Review of Experiences of Grief and Loss in the Context of Neurodevelopmental Disorders". Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. doi:10.1007/s40489-024-00447-0. hdl:20.500.11820/a719370b-7c93-4e24-8d2c-447e00303cf4. ISSN 2195-7185.

[Lang-6] Lang AE, Consky E, Sandor P (1993). ""Signing tics"--insights into the pathophysiology of symptoms in Tourette's syndrome". Ann Neurol. 33 (2): 212–5. doi:10.1002/ana.410330212. PMID 8434883.