Endless knot

Endless knot
Endless knot
	A common form of the endless knot
Chinese name
Traditional Chinese	盤長結
Simplified Chinese	盘长结
Hanyu Pinyin
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin	pánzhǎng jié
Tibetan name
Tibetan	དཔལ་བེའུ།
Wylie
Transcriptions
Wylie	dpal be'u
Mongolian name
Mongolian Cyrillic	түмэн өлзий
Japanese name
Kanji	盤長結
Romanization
Transcriptions
Romanization	Banchōmusubi
Sanskrit name
Sanskrit	श्रीवत्स

In Hinduism, Jainism and Buddhism, the endless knot or eternal knot is a symbolic knot and one of the Eight Auspicious Symbols. It is an important cultural marker in places significantly influenced by Tibetan Buddhism such as Tibet, Mongolia, Tuva, Kalmykia, and Buryatia. It is also found in Celtic, Kazakh and Chinese symbolism.

History

The endless knot appears on clay tablets from the Indus Valley civilization (2500 BC) and on a historic era inscription. While associated with Dharmic religions, it also appears in Islamic art. It likely was introduced due to trade and other cultural contact with China, the Mongols, and Iran.

Interpretations

Buddhism

Various Buddhist interpretations of the symbol are:

The endless knot iconography symbolised Samsara i.e., the endless cycle of suffering of birth, death and rebirth within Tibetan Buddhism.
The inter-twining of wisdom and compassion.
Interplay and interaction of the opposing forces in the dualistic world of manifestation, leading to their union, and ultimately to harmony in the universe.
The mutual dependence of religious doctrine and secular affairs.
The union of wisdom and method.
The inseparability of emptiness (shunyata) and dependent origination, the underlying reality of existence.
The link between ancestors and omnipresence represented by the etymology of Tantra, Yoga and religion) (see Namkha.)
The wisdom of the Buddha as neither are said to have a beginning or end.

Hinduism

In Hinduism, Srivatsa is mentioned as 'connected to shree', i.e the goddess Lakshmi. It is a mark on the chest of Vishnu where his consort Lakshmi resides. According to the Vishnu purana, the tenth avatar of Vishnu, Kalki, will bear the Shrivatsa mark on his chest. It is one of the names of Vishnu in the Vishnu Sahasranamam. Srivatsa is considered to be auspicious symbol in Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Tamil Nadu and Karnataka.

Jainism

In Jainism it is one of the eight auspicious items, an asthamangala, however found only in the Svetambara sect. It is often found marking the chests of the 24 tirthankaras. It is more commonly referred to as the Shrivatsa.

Logo

A stylized version of the endless knot is the logo of the Chinese state-owned telecommunications operator China Unicom.

Notes and references

↑ Beer, Robert (2003). The Handbook of Tibetan Buddhist Symbols (PDF). Serindia Publications. p. 11. ISBN 1-59030-100-5. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 April 2018.
↑ Danino, Michel (2010). Lost River: On The Trail of the Sarasvati. Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0143068648.
↑ "Fragment of a Woodblock Print on Linen | Cleveland Museum of Art". clevelandart.org. Retrieved 2024-07-22.
↑ "Pierced Globe". The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 2024-07-22.
↑ Blair, Sheila; Bloom, Jonathan; Ettinghausen, Richard (1994). The art and architecture of Islam 1250–1800. Yale University Press Pelican history of art. New Haven [Conn.]: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-05888-8.

External links

[1] Beer, Robert (2003). The Handbook of Tibetan Buddhist Symbols (PDF). Serindia Publications. p. 11. ISBN 1-59030-100-5. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 April 2018.

[2] Danino, Michel (2010). Lost River: On The Trail of the Sarasvati. Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0143068648.

[3] "Fragment of a Woodblock Print on Linen | Cleveland Museum of Art". clevelandart.org. Retrieved 2024-07-22.

[4] "Pierced Globe". The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 2024-07-22.

[5] Blair, Sheila; Bloom, Jonathan; Ettinghausen, Richard (1994). The art and architecture of Islam 1250–1800. Yale University Press Pelican history of art. New Haven [Conn.]: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-05888-8.