Exocarpos bidwillii

Exocarpos bidwillii
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Santalales
Family: Santalaceae
Genus: Exocarpos
Species:
E. bidwillii
Binomial name
Exocarpos bidwillii

Exocarpos bidwillii is a small, sprawling, leafless shrub endemic to New Zealand and is a member of the family Santalaceae, most of which are regarded as root hemiparasites. In this instance there is a body of opinion that Exocarpos bidwillii may not be parasitic.

Distribution and habitat

It is found mainly in montane to subalpine open areas, mostly in rocky places of the South Island, from latitudes 41° to 45° 30' (corrected from H.H. Allan's mid-ocean figure of 48° 30').

Host plants include snow tōtara, tāwhai rauriki, and mānuka.

Etymology and taxonomy

The species name is after John Carne Bidwill.

Exocarpos bidwillii is in the Santalaceae family. The name of the species was given by Joseph Hooker.

Phenology

According to Allan 1961 Exocarpos bidwillii flowering occurs January to February, and fruiting January to April. iNaturalist observations indicate that the peak month for flowering is September and for fruiting is December and January. Recent extensive field observations in three sites in the Nelson Mineral Belt with macro photography have provided clear identification of reproductive anatomy at each phenological stage.

References

  1. 1 2 Fineran, B. A. (1963). "Studies on the root parasitism of Exocarpos bidwillii Hook, f. IV. Structure of the mature haustorium". Phytomorph. 13: 249–267.
  2. ↑ Fineran, Brian (1963-08-24). "Parasitism In Exocarpus bidwillii Hook. f." Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand: Botany. 2 (8): 109–119.
  3. 1 2 Allan, H. H. (1961). Flora of New Zealand. Indigenous tracheophyta: Psilopsida, Lycopsida, Filicopsida, Gymnospermae, Dicotyledones. Government Printer. OCLC 1282444389.
  4. ↑ Moore, Lucy B.; Irwin, J. B. (1978). The Oxford book of New Zealand plants. Wellington; New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-558035-8.
  5. ↑ Mabberley, D.J. (1996). "Plant introduction and hybridisation in colonial New South Wales: the work of John Carne Bidwill, Sydney's first director". Telopea. 6 (4): 541–562. doi:10.7751/telopea19963023.
  6. ↑ "Exocarpos bidwillii". New Zealand Plant Conservation Network. Retrieved 2025-02-11.
  7. ↑ Hooker, Joseph Dalton; Hooker, Joseph Dalton; Fitch, W. H.; Brothers, Reeve (1853). The botany of the Antarctic voyage of H.M. discovery ships Erebus and Terror in the Years 1839-1843 :under the command of Captain Sir James Clark Ross. Vol. v.2:pt.1(1853). London: Reeve Brothers.
  8. ↑ "Flora of New Zealand | Taxon Profile | Exocarpos bidwillii". www.nzflora.info. Retrieved 2025-02-11.
  9. ↑ "Exocarpos bidwillii". iNaturalist NZ. Retrieved 2025-02-11.
  10. ↑ Cunningham, D.M. (28 February 2025). "Exocarpos bidwillii, recent assessment of phenological phases". New Zealand Plant Conservation Network. Retrieved 28 February 2025.
  11. ↑ Cunningham, D.M. (26 February 2025). "Exocarpos bidwillii phenology". Flickr. Retrieved 2025-03-04.