First statute of the IMRO

Excerpt from the statute of BMARC, (1894 or 1896; in Bulgarian language)
Statute of the Bulgarian Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Committees
Chapter I. – Goal
Art. 1. The goal of BMARC is to secure full political autonomy for the Macedonia and Adrianople regions .
Art. 2. To achieve this goal they [the committees] shall raise the awareness of self-defense in the Bulgarian population in the regions mentioned in Art. 1., disseminate revolutionary ideas – printed or verbal, and prepare and carry on a general uprising.
Chapter II. – Structure and Organization
Art. 3. A member of BMARC can be any Bulgarian, independent of gender, ...
Excerpt from the draft of the statute of the SMARO made by hand on the statute of the BMARC by Gotse Delchev or Petar Poparsov discovered in Bulgaria. The Organization changed its name and dropped 'Bulgarian' from it, appealing to all dissatisfied elements, regardless of their nationality, to win through a revolution, political autonomy for Macedonia and Adrianople regions. According to Katardžiev, there is an overlapping of the text of the statutes of BMARC and that of SMARO, i.e. 8 from the 15 articles in the statute of the BMARC are identical to those in the statute of SMARO. Thus it is clear that when drafting one, the other was used.
Excerpt from p. 5 of the article "The Wars and the Macedonian Question", published in 1922 in the magazine "Macedonia" by the IMRO revolutionary Georgi Bazhdarov [bg] (1875-1924). Here, the author insists that the first statute of the Organization, was that of BMARC. Verbatim are quoted Art. 1 and Art. 2 of the statute. The content of Art. 3 is partially quoted too. It is explained also that only after 1900 the Organization was opened to other nationalities besides Bulgarians.
Excerpt from page 69 of the unpublished book "Notes and Reflections on the Macedonian Nation" from 1959. The author is the activist of the left wing of IMRO Dimitar Popevtimov. He insists that the first name of IMRO according to the first statute of the organization from 1894 was BMARC, and only Bulgarians could participate in it.
Excerpt from the regulations of BMARC, (1894 or 1896) in Bulgarian language.
Excerpt of the draft of the regulations of the SMARO made by hand on the regulations of the BMARC by Gotse Delchev or Petar Poparsov. According to Katardziev, out of 50 articles in both regulations, 39 are identical or similar.
Excerpt from Art. 15 of the RegulatIons of the BMARC containing the oath of the Organization: "I swear by God, my faith and honor that I will fight to the death for the freedom of the Bulgarians in Macedonia and the Adrianople region, that I will submit unconditionally to the leadership and will unprotestingly carry out its orders; that I will betray to no one, neither by word nor by deed the secret to which I wed myself today and all that I shall see, hear and understand concerning the Cause from today on. If I break my oath, let me be killed by one of the comrades with the revolver or the dagger which here I kiss."
Excerpt from page 6 of Spiro Gulabchev's manuscript from 1904 "The causes that gave rise to the revolutionary organization remain unexplored; (Part II "The Organization"). The text discusses the statute and regulations of BMARC. In the excerpt, Art. 19, Art. 14 and Art. 15 of the Regulations are quoted verbatim. Art. 15 describes the oath of the Organization.
In 2026, unknown handwritten statute and regulations of the "Bulgarian Revolutionary Committee in European Turkey", captured by the Ottoman authorities in 1898, were discovered in the Ottoman archives. They are still unresearched. According to Art. 5 of the statute: "The Bulgarian Revolutionary Committee (BRC) is divided into district, sub-district and regional (committees), and above all of them there is a Central Macedonian Revolutionary Committee (CMRC).
The first page of the Rules of the "Bulgarian Revolutionary Committee in European Turkey". According to Article 1 of the Regulations, all revolutionary committees in European Turkey are subordinate to the Central Macedonian Revolutionary Committee.
A donation appeal from 1890s issued in Thessaloniki and addressed to the Bulgarians. It is stamped on a CMRC-branded form. The form features the picture from the covers of the BMARC statutes and regulations.

In the earliest dated samples of statutes and regulations of the clandestine Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO) discovered, it is called Bulgarian Macedonian-Adrianopolitan Revolutionary Committees (BMARC). These documents refer to the then Bulgarian population in the Ottoman Empire, which was to be prepared for a general uprising in Macedonia and Adrianople regions, aiming to achieve political autonomy for them. In thе statute of BMARC, the membership was reserved exclusively for Bulgarians. This ethnic restriction matches with the memoirs of some founding and ordinary members, where such a requirement is mentioned. In fact, the founders of IMRO were sympathetic to Bulgarian, but hostile to Serbian nationalism, which led some of them to establish a Society against Serbs in 1897. Per George C. Papavizas, the organization's Bulgarian ethnic character is confirmed by the lack of any mention of Macedonian ethnicity. The name of BMARC, as well as information about its statute, was mentioned in the foreign press of that time, in Bulgarian diplomatic correspondence, and exists in the memories of some revolutionaries and contemporaries.

Due to the lack of original protocol documentation, and the fact its early organic statutes were not dated, the first statute of the Organisation is uncertain and is a subject to dispute among researchers. The dispute also includes its first name and ethnic character, as well as the authenticity, dating, validity, and authorship of its supposed first statute. The Organization was founded in Ottoman Thessaloniki at the end of 1893, and its founders - four teachers, a physician and a bookseller, considered themselves as part of the Bulgarian national movement. Certain contradictions and even mutually exclusive statements, along with inconsistencies exist in the testimonies of the founding and other early members of the Organization, which further complicates the solution of the problem. It is not yet clear whether the earliest statutory documents of the Organization have been discovered. According to historian Ivan Katardžiev in 1965, its earliest basic documents were not known to the historical community until then.

The revolutionary organization changed its name several times before adopting in 1919 in Sofia, Bulgaria, its last and most common name i.e. Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization. The repeated changes of name of the IMRO has led to an ongoing debate between Bulgarian and Macedonian historians, as well as within the Macedonian historiographical community. The crucial question is to which degree the Organization had a Bulgarian ethnic character and when it tried to open itself to the other Balkan nationalities. As a whole, its founders were inspired by the earlier Bulgarian revolutionary traditions. Such activists believed that Slavic Macedonian society was reproducing the Bulgarian National Revival with a time lag. The situation was similar in Adrianople Thrace. All its basic documents were written in the pre-1945 Bulgarian orthography. The first statute of the IMRO was modelled after the statute of the earlier Bulgarian Revolutionary Central Committee (BRCC). IMRO adopted from BRCC also its symbol: the lion, and its motto: Svoboda ili smart. All its six founders were closely related to the Bulgarian Men's High School of Thessaloniki. They were native to the region of Macedonia, and some members (such as Gotse Delchev) were influenced by anarcho-socialist ideas, which gave the movement a slightly leftist leaning.

The first statute was drawn up in the winter of 1894. In the summer of the same year, the first congress of the organization took place in Resen. At this meeting, Hristo Tatarchev was elected as its first head. The draft of the first statute was approved there, while the drafting of its first regulations was commissioned. The occasion for convening this meeting was the celebration on the consecration of the newly built Bulgarian Exarchate church in the town in August 1894. It was decided at the meeting to preferably recruit teachers from the Bulgarian schools as committee members. Of the sixteen members who attended the group's first congress, fourteen were Bulgarian schoolteachers. Schoolteachers were en masse involved in the committee's activity, and the Ottoman authorities considered the Bulgarian schools as "nests of bandits". On the eve of the 20th century, IMRO was often called by the Ottoman authorities as "the Bulgarian Committee", hence the Ottomans considered it to be Bulgarian in its national orientation, while its members were designated as Comitadjis, i.e. "committee men".

Drafting of first statute and statements of members

Different statements exist in the testimonies of the founders on the Organization's character, goals, name, the time and the way its early documents were adopted. According to Gyorche Petrov, initially the IMRO was not called an "Organization", and this term was introduced later. Per a founder, Petar Poparsov, its first name was "Committee for acquiring the political rights of Macedonia, given to it by the Treaty of Berlin". IMRO was often called by the Ottoman authorities and Henry Brailsford "the Bulgarian Committee".

According to the founding member Hristo Tatarchev's memoirs, there were two created structures with the first statute from 1894: an organization and its central committee. He mentioned their names as "Macedonian Revolutionary Organization" (MRO) and a "Central Macedonian Revolutionary Committee" (CMRC) and clarified that the word "Bulgarian" was subsequently dropped from their names. Tatarchev noted that he did not remember the first name very clearly. Per Tatarchev, the founders of the IMRO had Zahari Stoyanov's memoir about the April Uprising of 1876, in which the statute of the Bulgarian Revolutionary Central Committee (BRCC) was published, which they took as a model for the organization's first statute. Part of the first official documents of the organization were stamped with a round seal with the inscription "Central Macedonian Revolutionary Committee". Some researchers assume that this original seal proves the first name of the Central Committee in Thessaloniki, which was at the head of the local Macedonian Revolutionary Committees (MRC). The earliest surviving document regarding the activities of the Organization is a letter to the Supreme Macedonian Adrianople Committee dated January 20, 1896, bearing the reference number 115. The letter is written on letterhead featuring the abbreviation "CMRC" and bears an organizational seal with the inscription: "Macedonian Central Revolutionary Committee." The SMAC's reply from Sofia is dated March 22, 1896, and bears reference number 60. It is addressed to the Chairman of the Central Revolutionary Macedonian Committee. According to Tatarchev, the Adrianople region was included in the organization's program in 1895, while this decision was implemented practically in 1896. Per Hristo Kotsev [bg] (1869-1933) Dame Gruev commissioned him to start the construction of the committee network in Adrianople region in 1895. In September 1895, the first revolutionary committee was founded in Bulgarian Men's High School of Adrianople.

According to Poparsov, the first statute's swatch was sent to be printed in Romania, where it burned down in a fire and its publication failed. Early statute and regulations were adopted in 1896, printed in Sofia in 1897, by Gyorche Petrov and Gotse Delchev. Per the IMRO activist Lazar Gyurov [bg] (1872-1931), the first statute and regulations were printed in a very limited quantity in Thessaloniki after 1894. According to Gyurov, he had hidden one copy each of the statutes and regulations, but he did not manage to keep them because they fell apart due to poor storage conditions. It is known that the first statute was prepared by Petar Poparsov and was adopted at the beginning of 1894, and according to some reports, the first regulations were developed by Ivan Hadzhinikolov either in the same year or in 1895. The data presented by Gyurov has raised the question of whether the foundational documents of the Organization were really printed in Thessaloniki for the first time. It is known also that another early statute and regulations adopted in 1896, were printed in Sofia in 1897, by Gyorche Petrov and Gotse Delchev.

The first statute allowed the membership only for Bulgarians and this is confirmed by Tatarchev in his memoirs from 1936 as follows: "it was allowed that every Bulgarian, from any region, could be a member", as well as in the memoirs of other revolutionaries. According to Hristo Matov, although the first statute allowed the membership only to Bulgarians Exarchists, in practice the leaders of the Organization did not prohibit the membership of Patriarchists, Uniates and Protestants of all local nationalities, According to Ivan Hadzhinikolov, membership was open to everyone from Macedonia. According to Tatarchev's recollections, the decision about the change of the statute, so that not only Bulgarians could be members of the organization, was taken in 1896. Per the Supreme Macedonian-Adrianople Committee activist Vladislav Kovachev the first statute of the IMRO allowed the membership only for Bulgarians within a special article. According to the revolutionary Nikola Altaparmakov [bg], a revolutionary committee was founded in Thessaloniki in 1893, and per its first statute, any Bulgarian could be its member.

Per Iliya Doktorov [bg], the organization initially had a nationalist character and only Bulgarians had the right to be members of it, but this ethnic restriction lasted until 1896. According to Georgi Bazhdarov, who also confirmed the statute of BMARC as the first one, the Organization was opened to other nationalities besides Bulgarians after 1900. Per the memoirs of Alekso Martulkov, the original statute of the organization allowed only Bulgarians as members. This situation was changed in a new statute in 1896. According to the revolutionary Hristo Karamandzhukov, the statute of BMARC continued to be used even after 1902. Per Bulgarian anarchist Spiro Gulabchev, in the mid-1890s, arose the "Bulgarian Macedonian Adrianopolitan Revolutionary Committee", which, according to its statute and regulations, was a Bulgarian nationalist organization. According to Dimitar Popevtimov [bg] (1890-1961), the organization was initially called the BMARC, and only Bulgarians were accepted as its members, per its first statute from 1894. According to revolutionary Nikola Zografov, in 1895 Gotse Delchev was supplied with a power of attorney from the name of the BMARC and sent to Sofia to propagate the struggle for autonomy that was open to every Bulgarian. Per Hristo Silyanov in the minds of the founders of the organization, it was Bulgarian in its ethnic composition, and its member, according to the first statue, could be "any Bulgarian". Krste Misirkov stated in his brochure On the Macedonian Matters (1903) that the "Bulgarian committees" were led by "Bulgarian clerks", aiming for the creation of a "Bulgarian Macedonia". According to Gyorche Petrov, before the drafting of the second statute and regulations in 1896, there were available others, which were still in use, that suggests there were earlier statutes and regulations after all. Dimitar Vlahov maintained that initially, the organization worked only among Bulgarians who belonged to the Bulgarian Exarchate. Later, when the leaders of the organization saw that the idea of the liberation of Macedonia could find supporters among the Bulgarian non-Еxarchists, as well as among other nationalities, and under the influence of some leftist views, they amended the organization's statutes to the effect that any Macedonian could be a member, regardless of nationality, as long as he accepted its principles.

Bulgarian Macedonian–Adrianopolitan Revolutionary Committees

Discovery of the statute of BMARC

According to Macedonian historian Ivan Katardžiev in 1965, only the statute from 1897 (SMARO) was known in the historical literature, while the 1894 (BMARC) and 1902 statutes were unknown. In 1955, the historian Ivan Ormandzhiev published in Sofia the undated statute of the SMARO, which he dated from 1896. The fact that only 15 copies of this statute were printed in Sofia in 1897, reveals how sparse such documents were.

In 1961, Katardžiev published undated statute and regulations discovered by him, naming the organization BMARC, which he dated from 1894. The discovered documents are kept since then at the Institute of National History in Skopje. Originals of the statute and the regulations of BMARC were also found in 1967 in Bulgaria. According to the statute of the BMARC, membership of the Organization was allowed only for Bulgarians. Per Katardžiev, BMARC was the first official name of the IMRO and it was never officially named "Macedonian Revolutionary Organization" (MRO). Some international, Bulgarian and Macedonian researchers have adopted his view that this was the first statute, i.e. the first official name of the organization.

Macedonian views

BMARC

According to Katardžiev, BMARC's statute was the first statute of the organization and under this name, it existed from 1894 until 1896 when it was changed to Secret Macedono-Adrianopolitan Revolutionary Organization (SMARO). In 1969, the name BMARC as the first one, was officially promoted as the position of the Macedonian historical community in the second volume of the first ever three-volume History of the Macedonian people, as well as in its one-volume edition, in 1970. Per Gane Todorovski, from its very name it could be concluded this was initially an organization primarily of the Bulgarian population in Macedonia and Adrianople. Per historian Krste Bitovski, this was not only the first preserved statute but the original statute of IMRO. According to Manol Pandevski, the basic program document of the Organization was published in 1894 under the name "Statute of the Bulgarian Macedonian-Adrianopolitan Revolutionary Committees", and so it even was not called an organization. Katardžiev confirmed there was an overlapping of the texts of the statutes and regulations of BMARC and these of SMARO, and it was clear that when drafting these of SMARO, those of BMARC were used. Later that conclusion was confirmed, while corrected statute and rules of the BMARC were discovered in Bulgaria, which are practically drafts of the basic documents of the SMARO.

Revisionist turn

In 1981, the Macedonian historiography for the first time publicly dissociated itself from the thesis advocated by Katardžiev for the name BMARC in the first volume of the two-volume publication Documents for the struggle of the Macedonian people for independence and for a national state. According to Blaže Ristovski in his book History of the Macedonian nation in 1999, the first name of the Organization was MRO. Most Macedonian historians reject the authenticity of the designation BMARC, which was not mentioned in the memoirs of the organization's founders.

In the historiography, the issues about the original name and the first statute of the organization are still not resolved. The historian Dimitar Dimeski wrote that even without mentioning the name "BMARC", per its first statute, the organization had a nationalist character. It was the result of intolerance, external influence and lack of experience. Historian Andrew Rossos wrote that the organization was named Bulgarian-Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Organization until 1902.

In 1997, historian Vančo Gjorgjiev dated the statute of BMARC from 1894. In 2010, Gjorgjiev claimed that the organization's name was "Macedonian Revolutionary Organization" led by the "Central Macedonian Revolutionary Committee" in 1894. Gjorgjiev also published the statutes and the regulations of BMARC translated from Bulgarian into Macedonian language in 2013. In 2021, he claimed that not a single document written from any activist of the Organization has been found so far, containing the name of BMARC.

Bulgarian views

IMRO as Bulgarian organization

Bulgarian historians see the statute and the regulations of BMARC as a confirmation of the Bulgarian ethnic character of the organization. The aim of the Committees per Article 2 of their statute was to raise the consciousness for self-defense among the Bulgarian population in both regions in order that there be one single uprising in them. Apart from the fact the statute allowed the membership only to Bulgarians, the regulations contain an oath which also confirms its Bulgarian character. Per historian Tchavdar Marinov, the primary issue for Bulgarian and Macedonian historians in this case is to know when the organization had abandoned its "narrowly Bulgarian" character. Per him, during the Ottoman period, the IMRO was active also in Thrace and this fact is difficult to explain from the Macedonian historiography. It suggests that Macedonian revolutionaries then did not differentiate themselves from Bulgarians on an ethnic base. Also, they wrote in standard Bulgarian rather than in some Macedonian dialect.

MRO

In 1969, the Bulgarian historian Konstantin Pandev promoted the view that the designation BMARC lasted from 1896 until 1902, when it was changed to SMARO, a view adopted by some international and Bulgarian historians. Until then, Bulgarian historians shared Katardžiev's opinion that the designation BMARC was used between 1894 and 1896. Some Bulgarian researchers assume the first unofficial name of the organization during 1894-1896 was Macedonian Revolutionary Organization or Macedonian Revolutionary Committee. The name "MRO" is present in modern sources. Neither statutes nor regulations, or other basic documents with the name "MRO" have been found. Other Bulgarian historians suppose that the founding documents of the IMRO still have not been discovered and that the name of BMARC is from 1896/1897. The first preserved statute of the organization is that of the BMARC. Other Bulgarian historians also do not accept the view of Pandev and continue to adhere to that of Katardžiev, i.e., the first statutory name of the organization from 1894 was BMARC. Bulgarian researchers also maintain that Katardžiev himself had some manifestations when he publicly claimed the IMRO revolutionaries had Bulgarian self-awareness.

Authorship dispute

According to some Bulgarian and Macedonian researchers, the author of BMARC's statute was Poparsov. Other Bulgarian historians assume that the authors of the statute were Gotse Delchev and Gyorche Petrov. Per Peyo Yavorov, Delchev participated in a congress of the Organization, which adopted a statute, almost a copy of the old Bulgarian revolutionary statute. It contained a special article according to which only Bulgarians were accepted as its members. According to Yavorov, Delchev voted in support of this article in question, which he believed was chauvinistic. Later, when the circumstances changed, Delchev was the first to insist that this article be amended, and this is what happened. Per Ivan Hadzhinikolov's memoirs, Poparsov was assigned to draw up the first statute. In his memoirs, Gruev recounted that the founders grouped together and jointly drew up a statute modeled after the statute of the revolutionary organization in Bulgaria before the Liberation. According to Petrov, initially a short statute drafted by Gruev was in force. It was decided to draw up a new complete statute and regulations. Petrov did it in Sofia, together with Delchev.

Periodization dispute

On October 10, 1900, the newspaper "Pester Lloyd", published in retelling form excerpts from the captured by the Ottoman authorities statutes of the Bulgarian Macedonian Revolutionary Committee, i.e. BMARC. On October 13, the Greek newspaper "Imera" published the same material.

The Austro-Hungarian consul in Skopje Gottlieb Para [bg] (1861-1915), in his report from November 14, 1902, attached a document in translation, which he designated as the new statute of the revolutionary organization. This document bears the title: "Statute of the Secret Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Organization". It is identical to the document issued in 1902, according to Pandev, as well as with the statute, which according to Katardžiev was compiled in 1897. At the same time the Serbian Consul General in Bitola Mihajlo Ristić wrote on January 25, 1903, that until the beginning of 1902, the work of the Committee had a purely Bulgarian character, while the local Serbs and Greeks feared its activity. At the end of 1902, however the Committee's members began to turn to all Christians for cooperation, regardless of their nationality. Based on the early 2000s discovery, that the cover of the BMARC rules were dated 1896, the problem when the BMARC regulations were printed, is regarded as solved by the Bulgarian historian Tsocho Bilyarski. Hadzhinikolov points out that he prepared it in 1895. According to Tatarchev, in 1894 the need to develop an internal rulebook arose and this was done by Hadzhinikolov at the end of the same year.

According to the memoirs of Dimitar Voynikov, when Delchev visited Strandzha Mountain in 1900, the changes in the statute of SMARO were already factual and were discussed at a meetings with the local IMRO activists, where his father was present. Also, Macedonian historians point to the fact that a copy of the "SMARO" statute was kept in London since 1898. In 1905, the organization changed its name to Internal Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Organization (IMARO).

Legacy

In 2015, a civil association "BMARC Ilinden-Preobrazhenie" was registered in Bulgaria. Among its founders were scientists, historians, journalists and descendants of Bulgarian historical figures from the regions of Macedonia and Southern Thrace. In 2016, a monument to the fallen revolutionaries from Macedonia and Thrace was uncovered in Sofia. On the left side of the monument, the abbreviation BMARC (БМОРК) is written.

In 2018, in relation with the campaign for the change of the constitutional name of the then Republic of Macedonia, the Bulgarian Cultural Club in Skopje suggested the idea to include the name of BMARC in the preamble of the Macedonian constitution. In 2023, VMRO-NP stated that it is acceptable to revise the preamble of the constitution based on the statute of the historical IMRO, while also accepting the inclusion of Bulgarians in North Macedonia in the constitution based on the fact that IMRO did not mind having Bulgarians in its ranks.

Gjorgjiev said that there is no place for Bulgarians in the country's constitution since they were removed from the Organization's alleged first statute once. The Macedonian film director Darko Mitrevski has written that there is no more mythologized term in Macedonian history than the name of IMRO, but behind this historical myth the original designation "BMARC" is actually hidden, with an organization founded by people with Bulgarian consciousness.

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Bulgarian: Български македоно-одрински революционни комитети (БМОРК), Macedonian: Бугарски македонско-одрински револуционерни комитети (БМОРК)
  2. ↑ This formulation was understood then primarily as referring to the Bulgarian Exarchists, who in those conditions were synonymous with the name "Bulgarians". Apart from them, the Bulgarian Uniates from the Kukush region and the Bulgarian Protestants from the Razlog region were among the first to be drawn into the IMRO. Both, the former and the latter were distinguished by their Bulgarian national self-awareness. For more see: Дмитрий Олегович Лабаури (2008) Болгарское национальное движение в Македонии и Фракии в 1894-1908 гг. Идеология, программа, практика политическои борьбы. БАН, ISBN 9789543223176, стр. 137.

References

  1. ↑ "The Macedonian Revolutionary Organization used the Bulgarian standard language in all its programmatic statements and its correspondence was solely in the Bulgarian language...After 1944 all the literature of Macedonian writers, memoirs of Macedonian leaders, and important documents had to be translated from Bulgarian into the newly invented Macedonian." For more see: Bernard A. Cook ed., Europe Since 1945: An Encyclopedia, Volume 2, Taylor & Francis, 2001, ISBN 0815340583, p. 808.
  2. ↑ Bulgarian researcher Tsocho Bilyarski claims that the corrections were made by Delchev, but according to the Bulgarian historian Dino Kyosev, this handwriting is Poparsov's style. For more see: Цочо Билярски, Още един път за първите устави и правилници и за името на ВМОРО преди Илинденско-Преображенското Въстание от 1903 г. В сборник Дойно Дойнов. 75 години наука, мъдрост и достойнство, събрани в един живот. ВСУ "Черноризец Храбър"; 2004, ISBN 9549800407.
  3. ↑ The change was reflected in the revised IO statutes of 1902 which dropped 'Bulgarian' from the title; this was now TMORO, and appealed to all dissatisfied elements in Macedonia, not merely Bulgarian ones. For more see: Hugh Poulton, Who are the Macedonians? 2000, Hurst,ISBN 9781850655343, p. 55.
  4. ↑ Kat Kearey (2015) Oxford AQA History: A Level and AS Component 2: International Relations and Global Conflict C1890-1941. ISBN 9780198363866, p. 54.
  5. ↑ Иван Катарџиев, Борба до победа. Студии и статии. Скопjе, Мисла; 1983 г., стр. 65.
  6. ↑ сп. "Македония", Том 1, София, 1922, стр. 5. Digitized on 15 April 2013 at Cornell University.
  7. ↑ Архив Гоце Делчев, Съставители Ива Борилкова и Цочо Билярски, Издателство: Захарий Стоянов, 2020; ISBN 9789540914275, Предговор.
  8. ↑ Катарџиев, И. (1965). Два правилника на ВМРО од предилинденскиот период. стр. 40; сп. Историја, 1.1, стр. 39-50.
  9. ↑ Except from the Rules (the oath) of the Bulgarian Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Committees (in English) in Macedonia Documents and Material, 1978 by Bozhinov, Voin & L. Panayotov. Sofia, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences.
  10. ↑ Спиро Гулабчев - "Причините, които зародиха револ. организация остават незачекнати; Организацията (ръкопис - II част)", София, ок. 1904 година. Атанас Струмски, Библиотека и Издателство "Струмски".
  11. ↑ Poulton, Hugh (2000). Who are the Macedonians, Indiana University Press, ISBN 9780253213594 p. 53.
  12. ↑ Dimitar Bechev, Historical dictionary of North Macedonia, 2019; Rowman & Littlefield, ISBN 9781538119624, p. 11.
  13. ↑ Denis Š. Ljuljanović (2023) Imagining Macedonia in the Age of Empire. State Policies, Networks and Violence (1878–1912), LIT Verlag Münster; ISBN 9783643914460, p. 211.
  14. 1 2 Mete Tunçay; Erik J. Zürcher, eds. (1994). Socialism and Nationalism in the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 33. ISBN 1850437874.
  15. ↑ MacDermott, Mercia (1978) Freedom or Death: The Life of Gotsé Delchev. West Nyack, N.Y.: Journeyman Press, pp. 144-149.
  16. ↑ Alexander Maxwell (2008). "Slavic Macedonian Nationalism: From 'Regional' to 'Ethnic'". In Klaus Roth; Ulf Brunnbauer (eds.). Region, Regional Identity and Regionalism in Southeastern Europe, Volume 1. Münster: LIT Verlag. p. 135. ISBN 9783825813871.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: publisher location (link)
  17. ↑ Victor Roudometof (2002) Collective Memory, National Identity, and Ethnic Conflict. Greece, Bulgaria, and the Macedonian Question. Bloomsbury Academic, ISBN 9780275976484, p. 112.
  18. 1 2 Alexis Heraclides, The Macedonian Question and the Macedonians: A History. Routledge, 2020, ISBN 9780367218263, pp. 40–41.
  19. ↑ Gillies, Nolan, "Cutting the Gordian Knot: Macedonian Nationalism and Its Complicated Relationship with Bulgaria" (2024). Boise State University Theses and Dissertations. pp. 27-28. https://doi.org/10.18122/td.2236.boisestate
  20. ↑ Урош Шешум, „Друштво против Срба 1897–1902. Методи и мере бугарске дипломатије, Егзархије и Бугарско-македонско одринске револуционарне организације против ширења српског утицаја у Јужној Старој Србији и Македонији 1897–1902.“, Српске студије, књ. 4, (2013), с. 73–103.
  21. ↑ George C. Papavizas (2006) Claiming Macedonia: The Struggle for the Heritage, Territory and Name of the Historic Hellenic Land, 1862-2004. McFarland ISBN 9780786423231, McFarland Publishers, p. 42.
  22. 1 2 Цочо Билярски, Още един път за първите устави и правилници и за името на ВМОРО преди Илинденско-Преображенското Въстание от 1903 г. В сборник Дойно Дойнов. 75 години наука, мъдрост и достойнство, събрани в един живот. ВСУ "Черноризец Храбър"; 2004, ISBN 9549800407.
  23. ↑ Marinov, Tchavdar. We, the Macedonians: The Paths of Macedonian Supra-Nationalism (1878–1912) In: We, the People: Politics of National Peculiarity in Southeastern Europe. Budapest: Central European University Press, 2009, ISBN 9786155211669. pp. 114-115.
  24. ↑ Raymond Detrez, Historical Dictionary of Bulgaria; Historical Dictionaries of Europe; Rowman & Littlefield, 2014, ISBN 1442241802, p. 253-254.
  25. ↑ Vemund Aarbakke (2003) Ethnic rivalry and the quest for Macedonia, 1870-1913, East European Monographs, ISBN 9780880335270, p. 97.
  26. ↑ IMRO group modelled itself after the revolutionary organizations of Vasil Levski and other noted Bulgarian revolutionaries like Hristo Botev and Georgi Benkovski, each of whom was a leader during the earlier Bulgarian revolutionary movement. Around this time ca. 1894, a seal was struck for use by the Organization leadership; it was inscribed with the phrase "Freedom or Death" (Svoboda ili smart). For more see: Duncan M. Perry, The Politics of Terror: The Macedonian Liberation Movements, 1893–1903, Duke University Press, 1988, ISBN 0822308134, pp. 39–40.
  27. ↑ Bernard Lory, The Ottoman Legacy in the Balkans, In: Entangled Histories of the Balkans - Volume Three. Brill, 2015, ISBN 9789004290365, pp. 380–381.
  28. ↑ Vemund Aarbakke, Urban Space and Bulgarian–Greek Antagonism in Thrace, 1870–1912, p. 32. In: Couroucli, M., & Marinov, T. (Eds.). (2015). Balkan Heritages: Negotiating History and Culture (1st ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315562872
  29. ↑ Bernard A. Cook ed., Europe Since 1945: An Encyclopedia, Volume 2, Taylor & Francis, 2001, ISBN 0815340583, p. 808.
  30. ↑ As a corollary, the first charter of the organization was a rough copy of the "Bulgarian revolutionary central committee's" charter which they found in the work of Zahari Stoyanov, Zapiski po bûlgarskite vûstania ["Descriptions of the Bulgarian Uprising"]. For more see: Tetsuya Sahara, The Macedonian Origin of Black Hand. (International Conference "Great War, Serbia, Balkans and Great Powers") Strategic Research Institute & The Institute of History Belgrade, 2015, pp. 401–425 (408).
  31. ↑ J. Pettifer as ed., The New Macedonian Question, Springer, 1999 ISBN 0230535798, p. 236.
  32. ↑ Parvanova, Zorka. "6 Revolutionary and Paramilitary Networks in European Turkey: Ideological and Political Counteractions and Interactions (1878–1908)". Christian Networks in the Ottoman Empire: A Transnational History, edited by Eleonora Naxidou and Yura Konstantinova, Budapest, Hungary: Central European University Press, 2024, pp. 107-136. https://doi.org/10.1515/9789633867761-009
  33. ↑ Frusetta, James. “Bulgaria's Macedonia: Nation-Building and State Building, Centralization and Autonomy in Pirin Macedonia, 1903-1952.” PhD Thesis. University of Maryland, College Park, (2006), p. 113.
  34. ↑ Nadine Lange-Akhund, The Macedonian Question, 1893-1908, from Western Sources, 1998 ISBN 9780880333832, p. 38.
  35. 1 2 Цочо Билярски (1994) Д-р Христо Татарчев: Първият ръководител на ВМРО: Биогр. очерк. Знание, стр 7; ISBN 9546210056.
  36. ↑ Симеон Радев, Ранни спомени, редактор Траян Радев, Изд. къща Стрелец, София, 1994, ISBN 9789548152099, стр. 199.
  37. ↑ Aarbakke, Vemund. Ethnic rivalry and the quest for Macedonia, 1870–1913, East European Monographs, 2003, ISBN 0880335270, p. 92.
  38. 1 2 Dimitar Bechev, Historical Dictionary of the Republic of Macedonia, Scarecrow Press, 2009, ISBN 0810862956, Introduction, p. Iviii.
  39. 1 2 Tchavdar Marinov, Famous Macedonia, the Land of Alexander: Macedonian identity at the crossroads of Greek, Bulgarian and Serbian nationalism in Entangled Histories of the Balkans - Volume One: National Ideologies and Language Policies with Roumen Daskalov and Tchavdar Marinov as ed., BRILL, 2013, ISBN 900425076X, p. 300.
  40. ↑ Julian Allan Brooks (2013) Managing Macedonia: British Statecraft, Intervention and 'Proto-peacekeeping' in Ottoman Macedonia, 1902-1905. Simon Fraser University, p. 143.
  41. ↑ The word komitadji is Turkish, meaning literally "committee man". It came to be used for the guerilla bands, which, subsidized by the governments of the Christian Balkan states, especially of Bulgaria. For more see: The Making of a New Europe: R.W. Seton-Watson and the Last Years of Austria-Hungary, Hugh Seton-Watson, Christopher Seton-Watson, Methuen, 1981, ISBN 0416747302, p. 71.
  42. ↑ Димески, Д. (1986). Создавањето на Македонската револуционерна организација и нејзината организациска поставеност (1893–1895). Историја / Journal of History 22.1, (63). Archived 2024-05-16 at the Wayback Machine
  43. ↑ Спомени на Гьорчо Петровъ. Съобщава Любомиръ Милетичъ (Издава „Македонскиятъ Наученъ Институтъ”, София. 1927), книга VIII, стр. 26.
  44. 1 2 ВМОРО през погледа на нейните основатели. Спомени на Дамян Груев, д-р Христо Татарчев, Иван Хаджиниколов, Антон Димитров, Петър Попарсов. Съст. Т. Петров, Ц. Билярски. Св. Георги Победоносец; София, 2002, ISBN 9545092335; с. 203-207.
  45. ↑ Въ Македония и Одринско: Спомени на Михаилъ Герджиковъ. II. Първиятъ Централенъ комитетъ на ВМРО.: Спомени на д-ръ Христо Татарчевъ. Съобщава Л. Милетичъ (PDF) (in Bulgarian). София: Материяли за историята на македонското освободително движение, Издава Македонскиятъ Наученъ Институтъ, Книга IX, Печатница П. Глушковъ. 1928. p. 103. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2023-03-21. Retrieved 2023-03-21.
  46. ↑ Duncan M. Perry, The Politics of Terror: The Macedonian Liberation Movements, 1893–1903, Duke University Press, 1988, ISBN 0822308134, pp. 39–40.
  47. ↑ Редактор Добрин Мичев, Национално-освободителното движение на македонските и тракийските българи, 1878-1944, Том 2, Македонски научен институт, 2004, стр. 63.
  48. ↑ К. Пандев, Устави и правилници на ВМОРО преди Илинденско – Преображенското въстание, Исторически преглед, год. ХХV, 1969, кн. 1, с. 68 – 80.
  49. ↑ НБКМ БИА, ф. 224, а. е. 16, л. 53. Публ. в Македония. Сборник от документи и материали, С., 1978, с. 393 – 394.
  50. ↑ НБКМ БИА, ф. 224, а. е. 16, л. 35. ЦДА, ф. 1932 к, оп. 1, а. е. 302, л. 8 – 10. Публ. в Македония. Сборник от документи и материали, С., 1978, с. 395.
  51. ↑ Freedom or Death, The Life of Gotsé Delchev, by Mercia MacDermott, Journeyman Press, London & West Nyack, 1978, p. 230.
  52. ↑ Димитър Г. Войников, Българите в най-източната част на Балканския полуостров - Източна Тракия. Първо издание, Гл. 23. Административно деление на Европейска Турция. Конгресът на Българските македоно-одрински революционни комитети (БМОРК) в Солун (1896 г.) Обединение на Македонското и Тракийското революционно движение ИК "Коралов и сие", София 2002.
  53. ↑ MacDermott, Mercia. Freedom or Death: The Life of Gotsé Delchev. London & West Nyack, Journeyman Press, 1978. p. 230.
  54. ↑ Коцевъ, Хр. Страници изъ споменитѣ ми. сп. Македония (VII - X). София, 1922, стр. 45-2 Моето кръщение. Archived 2023-06-23 at the Wayback Machine
  55. ↑ Тараков, Т., Бисерков, М. "Спомени на един малко известен съратник на Дамян Груев", Македонски преглед, 2000, кн. 1, стр. 126; 130.
  56. ↑ Цочо Билярски (1994) Д-р Христо Татарчев: Първият ръководител на ВМРО: Биогр. очерк. Знание, стр 50-54; ISBN 9546210056.
  57. ↑ "Three essential positions were found in the constitution of the Revolutionary Organization: purpose, composition and means. As a goal, as stated above, the autonomy of Macedonia was accepted, and as a member of the Organization it was allowed that every Bulgarian, from any region, could be a member of the organization, after being baptized according to the established formula - a curse before gospel and dagger as a symbol of responsibility before God and the homeland, and that by conviction, but not against one's will. That decision to accept only Bulgarians as members of the Organization was dictated by the essence and character of the conspiracy, which is why at first it was necessary to recruit members from those environments that were the most oppressed, intellectually and morally elevated, firm and durable in character. In that respect, the Bulgarian people were the most suitable and reliable element and at the same time represented the majority in the country so that the Revolutionary Organization could rely on it without great risks. After all, the founders of the conspiracy came from the middle of the Bulgarian people, so that affinity was very natural for them. They did not hesitate to include even their parents, brothers, etc. in the Organization. in the lines of the conspiracy." Виктор Христовски, "Македонската револуционерна организација и д-р Христо Татарчев", "Мислата за слобода кај македонскиот народ; Конституирање на Македонската револуционерна организација", Скопје, 2017 г. ISBN 9786082452197, стр. 427.
  58. ↑ Иван Катарџиев, Борба до победа. Студии и статии. Скопjе, Мисла; 1983 г., стр. 61.
  59. ↑ Ѓорѓиев, В. (1995). Петар Поп Арсов (1868–1941). Прилог кон проучувањето на македонското националноослободително движење, стр. 62.
  60. ↑ Христо Матов, "За управлението на Вътрешната Революционна Организация", Македонска революционна библиотека, София, 1926, стр. 29.
  61. ↑ Katardziev, Ivan (1968). Создавање и активноста на вмро до илинденското востание. Svetlina na Minatoto. p. 8. From this first conversation about the goals and principles of the revolutionary organization, the opinions of the founders of the Organization, presented in the memories, are all opposite. The most detailed information about this discussion regarding the objectives of the Organization is given by Ivan Hadzhinikolov. According to him, the organization would be: 1. secret and revolutionary; 2. its territory should consist of Macedonia within its geographical and ethnographic borders, which is why it will be called internal; 3. its members should be people who were born and live in Macedonia, regardless of religion and nationality; 4. the political credo of the organized Macedonians becomes the autonomy of Macedonia and 5. to preserve the independence of the organization, so that it does not fall under the influence of the policies of the governments of the neighboring free states.[permanent dead link]
  62. ↑ Христо Татарчев, "ВМРО като митологична и реална същност (Спомени; Торино 1936 г.)" в "Спомени, документи, материали", Наука и изкуство, София, 1989 година, стр. 57.
  63. ↑ Георги Попхристов, "Пишат ни от Битоля", сп. "Илюстрация Илинден", год. XV, книга 8 (148), София, октомври 1943 година.
  64. ↑ In the beginning, the organization was nationalist. Only Bulgarians with proven honesty were accepted into its ranks. This situation existed until 1896, when in the first days of August in the city of Thessaloniki, a kind of congress took place. For more: "Борбите в Македония - Спомени на отец Герасим, Георги Райков, Дельо Марковски, Илия Докторов, Васил Драгомиров", Борис Йорданов Николов, ИК "Звезди", 2005 г., стр. 48, ISBN 9549514560.
  65. ↑ In his article "The Wars and the Macedonian Question", published in the magazine "Macedonia. Political, scientific and literary magazine, year I, book IV, Sofia, April 1922, Georgi Bazhdarov wrote about the first name of IMRO, in which "oldest, in its first" statute of the "Bulg. Macedon.-Adr. Revolovut. Committees" it was written that its goal was "autonomy of Macedonia and Adrianople", and in order to achieve this goal, the "consciousness of self-defense in the Bulgarian population" had to be awakened in both areas and that "members of the Organization could be only Bulgarians", and this situation lasted until after 1900.
  66. ↑ Алексо Мартулков, Моето учество во револуционерните борби на Македонија, Институт за национална историја, Скопие, 1952 г. стр. 55-56.
  67. ↑ According to a note left by the historian Lyubomir Panayotov, the editor of Hristo Karamandzhukov's memoirs, the BMARC regulations were found in the revolutionary's archive. They were issued in 1898, and were replaced by a new ones in 1902, however in the Smolyan revolutionary subdistrict, they continued to be in use afterwards. Христо Ив. Караманджуков, Родопа през Илинденско-Преображенското въстание. (Изд. на Отечествения Фронт, София, 1986) стр. 107.
  68. ↑ "The revolutionary organization in European Turkey found its beginning in the middle of the 90s. The discontent that was due to the absolutist regime there grew more and more and finally a revolutionary Macedonian committee appeared as a necessity, which set itself the goal of organizing this dissatisfaction, i.e. the famous "Bulgarian Maced. Adrian. Revolut. Committee" appeared. This organization, according to its statute and regulations, was and remains strictly Bulgarian nationalist one. It aimed to organize the Bulgarians in European Turkey, through an armed general uprising, to win their freedom." Спиро Гулабчев, "Причините, които зародиха револ. организация остават незачекнати; Организацията (ръкопис – II част)" стр. 5.
  69. ↑ Димитър Попевтимов, "Бележки и размишления върху Македонската нация",Варна, 1950-1959 г., стр. 63-64.
  70. ↑ Ѓорѓиев, Ванчо, Петар Поп Арсов (1868–1941). Прилог кон проучувањето на македонското националноослободително движење. 1997, Скопjе, стр. 61.
  71. ↑ Хр. Силянов, Освободителнитѣ борби на Македония, томъ I, зд. на Илинденската Орг., София, 1933; II фототипно изд. "Наука и Изкуство", София, 1983) стр. 40.
  72. ↑ Tchavdar Marinov, Famous Macedonia, the Land of Alexander: Macedonian identity at the crossroads of Greek, Bulgarian and Serbian nationalism; in Entangled Histories of the Balkans – Volume One: National Ideologies and Language Policies with Roumen Daskalov and Tchavdar Marinov as ed., BRILL, 2013, ISBN 900425076X, pp. 273–330. (p. 320).
  73. ↑ Спомени на Гьорчо Петровъ. Съобщава Любомиръ Милетичъ (Издава „Македонскиятъ Наученъ Институтъ”, София. 1927), книга VIII, стр. 51.
  74. ↑ Димитър Влахов от Кукуш, Егейска Македония - "Борбите на македонския народ за освобождение", Виена, 1925 година, стр. 11.
  75. ↑ Катарџиев, И. (1965) Два правилника на ВМРО од предилинденскиот период. Историја/Journal of History 1.1, стр. 39-50.
  76. ↑ Документи за македоно-одринското революционно движение и за Преображенското въстание в Тракия. Подредил и снабдил с обяснителни бележки от Ив. П. Горов в сб. Преображенско въстание 1903. София, 1955, стр. 51-78.
  77. ↑ Љубен Лапе, Одбрани текстови за историјата на македонскиот народ,Том 2, 1965, стр. 185.
  78. ↑ Колектив, История на България в четиринадесет тома. Том 7: България 1878-1903 г. БАН, стр. 442.
  79. ↑ Иван Катарџиев, Некои прашања за уставите и правилниците на ВМОРО до Илинденското востание, ГИНИ V/1, Скопје 1961. стр. 149 – 164.
  80. ↑ Константин Пандев (2000) Националноосвободителното движение в Македония и Одринско 1878-1903, Гутенберг, ISBN 9789549943092, стр. 140.
  81. ↑ Пандев, Константин. "Устави и правилници на ВМОРО преди Илинденско-Преображенското въстание", Исторически преглед, 1969, кн. I, стр. 68 – 80
  82. ↑ Миноски, М. (2022). “Македонската историска наука и политиката во трите децении државна независност на Република Македонија“, In Дуев, Р. (ур.), Историјата и предизвиците на промените: материјали од тркалезната маса одржана на 23.02.2022 година по повод 75 години Институт за историја. Скопје: Универзитет „Св. Кирил и Методиј“ во Скопје - Филозофски факултет, p. 114.
  83. ↑ Hugh Poulton, Who are the Macedonians? Hurst, 2000; ISBN 1850655340, p. 53.
  84. ↑ Dimitar Bechev, Historical Dictionary of North Macedonia, 2019; Rowman & Littlefield, ISBN 9781538119624, p. 145.
  85. ↑ Carl Cavanagh Hodge as ed., Encyclopedia of the Age of Imperialism, 1800-1914, 2008, Greenwood Press; ISBN 9780313043413, p. 441.
  86. ↑ Манол Д Пандевски, Националното прашање во македонското ослободително движење: 1893-1903; Современа општествена мисла, Култура, 1974, стр. 82.
  87. ↑ Vladimir Cretulescu (2016) "The Memoirs of Cola Nicea: A Case-Study on the Discursive Identity Construction of the Aromanian Armatoles in Early 20th Century Macedonia." Res Historica 41, p. 128.
  88. ↑ Прилози (1992) Томове 23 – 28, Македонска академија на науките и уметностите, Отделение за општествени науки, стр. 75.
  89. ↑ Гане Тодоровски, Формирањето на BMPO според ракописните мемоари на Иван Хаџи-Николов. Разгледи, г. XI, бр. 10, Скопје, 1969, стр. 304.
  90. ↑ Крсте Битовски (2003) Историја на македонскиот народ, Институт за национална историја, Скопje, p. 162.
  91. ↑ Манол Пандевски, (1987) Македонското ослободително дело во XIX и XX век. Националното прашање во македонското ослободително движење 1893–1903 г. Мисла, стр. 86.
  92. ↑ Печатни оригинали на устава и правилника на БМОРК с ръкописни корекции и чернови на устава и правилника на ТМОРО; ЦДА, ф. 1932 к, оп. 3, а. е. 3, л. 1 – 34.
  93. ↑ Цениме дека нашата наука во 1981 година јавно се огради од тезата застапувана од д - р Иван Катарџиев за името БМОРК за Македонската револуционерна организација во двотомната публикација: Документи за борбата на македонскиот народ за самостојност и за национална држава", во издание на Универзитетот "Кирил и Методиј", Факултет за филозофско-историски науки; Катедрата за историја и Институтот за национална историја. For more see: Manol Pandevki, Dame Gruev vo makedonskoto nacionalnoosloboditelno dviženje: Trkalezna masa po povod 80-godišninata od zaginuvanjeto, noemvri 1986', Makedonska akademija na naukite i umetnostite (1989), str. 76.
  94. ↑ Блаже Ристовски, Историја на македонската нација (1999) Македонска академиjа на науките и уметностите, Скопиjе, стр. 197.
  95. ↑ Tschavdar Marinov, We the Macedonians, The Paths of Macedonian Supra-Nationalism (1878–1912), in "We, the People: Politics of National Peculiarity in Southeastern Europe" with Mishkova Diana as ed., Central European University Press, 2009, ISBN 9639776289, p. 114.
  96. ↑ Pandevska, M. (2012). The term "Macedonian(s)" in Ottoman Macedonia: On the map and in the mind. Nationalities Papers, 40(5), p. 761. doi:10.1080/00905992.2012.705265
  97. ↑ Dimitar Dimeski, Goce Delčev, Macedonian Review, Skopje 1997, p. 38.
  98. ↑ Rossos, Andrew (2013). Macedonia and the Macedonians: A History. Hoover Press. ISBN 978-0-8179-4883-2, p. 300.
  99. ↑ Ванчо Ѓорѓиев, Петар Поп Арсов. Прилог кон проучувањето на македонското националноослободително движење, Скопје, 1997, стр. 60-61.
  100. ↑ Ѓорѓиев, Ванчо (2010).Подземната република: Дамјан Груев и македонското револуционерно движење. Тримакс. стр. 93.
  101. ↑ Ванчо Ѓорѓиев, ВМРО 1893-1903, Поглед низ документи, Матица Македонска, Скопје, 2013.
  102. ↑ Нашиот став во контекст на првото име на Организацијата го апсолвираме во следниве точки: 1) Досега не е пронајден ниту еден документ од која било институција на Организацијата (Централен комитет, Задгранично претставништво, окружни и околиски комитети) ниту, пак, од нејзин активист со името БМОРК; 2) Доколку постоеше каков било документ што ќе го демантира нашето тврдење, тој не само што повеќепати ќе беше објавен туку ќе го завладееше и електронскиот простор... For more see: Ѓорѓиев, В. (2021). Постулатите на македонското револуционерно движење, 1893-1908. In Ќулавкова, К. (ур.). Прилози за историјата на Македонија и македонската култура. Скопје: Македонска академија на науките и уметноститe, 167-192.
  103. ↑ Bulgarian historians for their part, such as Konstantin Pandev (the first to introduce a periodization based on the names), insist that BMORK lasted longer and this proves the essential Bulgarian character of the movement. For more see: Alexis Heraclides, The Macedonian Question and the Macedonians: A History. Routledge, 2020, ISBN 9780367218263, pp. 40–41.
  104. ↑ As a Bulgarian historian, Pandev underlined the fact that, since its foundation the organization chose its Bulgarian identity by selecting the name "Bulgarian revolutionary committees." For more see: Nadine Lange-Akhund, The Macedonian Question, 1893-1908, from Western Sources, 1998 ISBN 9780880333832, p. 39.
  105. ↑ Rohdewald, Stefan. "Citizenship, Ethnicity, History, Nation, Region, and the Prespa Agreement of June 2018 between Macedonia and Greece" Comparative Southeast European Studies, vol. 66, no. 4, 2018, pp. 577-593. https://doi.org/10.1515/soeu-2018-0042
  106. ↑ The text of the oath begins as follows: "I swear by God, my faith and my honor that I will fight to the death for the freedom of the Bulgarians in Macedonia and Adrianople region..." For more see: Вениамин Терзиев, Българският характер на славянското население в Македония, Университетско изд-во "Св. Климент Охридски", София, 1995; ISBN 9789540706030, стр. 73.
  107. 1 2 Marinov, Tchavdar. "We, the Macedonians: The Paths of Macedonian Supra-Nationalism (1878–1912)". Diana, Mishkova. We, the People : Politics of National Peculiarity in Southeastern Europe. Budapest : Central European University Press, ISBN 9786155211669; 2009. p. 114.
  108. ↑ Marinov, Tchavdar. (2010). Historiographical Revisionism and Re-Articulation of Memory in the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia. Sociétés politiques comparées. Revue européenne d’analyse des sociétés politiques. 10.36253/spc-19349.
  109. ↑ Duncan Perry The Politics of Terror: The Macedonian Liberation Movements, 1893–1903, Durham, Duke University Press, 1988. pp. 40–41.
  110. ↑ Fikret Adanir, Die Makedonische Frage: ihre entstehung und etwicklung bis 1908. Wiessbaden 1979, p. 112.
  111. ↑ Лабаури Дмитрий Олегович, Болгарское национальное движение в Македонии и Фракии в 1894–1908 гг., Идеология, программа, практика политической борьбы, София, Академическое изд. им. проф. Марина Дринова, 2008, стр.7,
  112. ↑ Ivo Banac, "The National Question in Yugoslavia. Origins, History, Politics", Cornell University Press, 1984, pp. 307–328.
  113. ↑ Стоян Германов (1992) Руската общественост и революционното движение в Македония и Одринско 1893-1908. Унив. изд-во "Св. Климент Охридски". стр. 14.
  114. ↑ Brown, Keith (2013). Loyal Unto Death Trust and Terror in Revolutionary Macedonia. Indiana University Press. p. 191. ISBN 9780253008473.
  115. ↑ Perry M., Duncan (1988). The Politics of Terror and The Macedonian Liberation Movements, 1893-1903. Duke University Press. p. 203. ISBN 9780822308133.
  116. ↑ Horncastle, James (2019). The Macedonian Slavs in the Greek Civil War, 1944–1949. Lexington Books. p. 43. ISBN 9781498585057.
  117. ↑ Maria Todorova (2004). Balkan Identities: Nation and Memory. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. p. 238. ISBN 1850657157.
  118. ↑ Цочо Билярски, Първите програмни документи на ВМОРО до есента на 1902 г., Известия на държавните архиви, София, 2004, кн. 87, с. 200-275.
  119. ↑ Its first preserved statute is from the General Congress held in Thessaloniki in the spring of 1896. There, the organization was named the Bulgarian Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Committees. For more: Ива Бурилкова, Цочо Билярски, БКП, Коминтернът и македонският въпрос (1917-1946) - Том 2; Държавна агенция " Архиви", 1998, ISBN 9549800040, стр. 563.
  120. ↑ Любомир Панайотов, Христо Христов, Гоце Делчев спомени, документи, материали, Институт за история (Българска академия на науките) Наука и изкуство, 1978, стр. 86.
  121. ↑ Стоян Райчевски, Валерия Фол, 1993, Кукерът без маска. УИ "Св. Климент Охридски", София стр. 201.
  122. ↑ Божидар Димитров, Български старини в Македония (2000) Анико, София; ISBN 954-90700-2-6 стр. 22.
  123. ↑ Чавдар Маринов, Сто години Илинден или сто години Мисирков? История и политика в Република Македония през 2003 г. сп. Култура - Брой 20 (2587), 30 април 2004 г. Archived 2023-01-24 at the Wayback Machine
  124. ↑ Стефан Дечев: Две държава, две истории, много "истини" и една клета наука - трета част. Marginalia, 15.06.2018 Archived 2023-06-04 at the Wayback Machine.
  125. ↑ Проф. д-р Антони Стоилов и д-р Пантелей Спасов, Крайно време е за сътрудничество. За езиковия спор, македонската литературна норма, Мисирков и възможностите за сътрудничество между езиковедите от Република Македония и Република България във В-к Култура - Брой 28 (2908), 21 юли 2017 г. Archived 2023-05-22 at the Wayback Machine
  126. ↑ Манол Пандевски (1987) Македонското ослободително дело во XIX и XX век, Т.1, Националното прашање во македонското ослободително движење: 1893-1903, стр. 86.
  127. ↑ Lambi V. Danailov, Stilian Noĭkov, Natsionalno-osvoboditelnoto dvizhenia v Trakija 1878-1903, Tom 2, Trakiĭski nauchen institut, Izd. na otechestvenia front, 1971, str. 81-82.
  128. ↑ Христо Христов, Енциклопедия: Пирински край. А-М; Благоевград, том 1, 1994, ISBN 9789549000610, стр. 178.
  129. ↑ Пейо Яворов, Гоце Делчев в "Словото"; Гоце в Щип, Банско Archived 2023-05-26 at the Wayback Machine.
  130. ↑ Любомир Панайотов, Константин Пандев, Костадин Палешутски, Гоце Делчев-спомени, документи, материали, 1978, София, Наука и изкуство; стр. 56.
  131. ↑ Даме Груев. Спомени, кореспонденция. София, 1999, Парнас-96; с. 168.
  132. ↑ Спомени на Гьорчо Петров. Материали за историята на македонското освободително движение. Кн. VІІІ. Съобщава Л. Милетич, С., 1927, с. 50 – 51.
  133. ↑ Die Makedonische Frage: Ihre Entstehung Und Entwicklung Bis 1908. By Fikret Adanir. Frankfurter Historische Abhandlungen, vol. 20. Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag GMBH, 1979. xii, 283 pp. DM 64, paper; p. 112.
  134. ↑ Коликтив, Освободителната борба на българите в Македония и Одринско 1902/1904 - дипломатически документи, БАН, София 1978. с. 76.
  135. 1 2 According to Bilyarski, the covers of both documents are equal. Since he did not have the original statute, he carefully studied the cover of the rules. There in the middle is a seated woman. In her right hand the woman holds a flag on which is written "Svoboda ili smart". This hand of hers rests on a plinth, on which is depicted a lion standing enraged and wearing a crown. With her left hand, the woman holds a shield, which rests on her left knee. On it, on the left side, is written "Macedonia", and on the opposite right side, in very small font, is written "1896". This, according to him, confirms Konstantin Pandev's assumption from 1969, which is based on other indirect arguments, that the year in which the statutes and rules of the BMARC were drawn up and printed was 1896. At the woman's feet lies a broken Ottoman flag with the crescent moon and torn rings of iron chain. For more: Вътрешната македоно-одринска революционна организация (1893-1919 г.) Документи на централните ръководни органи (устави, правилници, мемоари, декларации, окръжни, протоколи, наредби, резолюции, писма). Т. І, ч. 1 и 2. Съст. Ц. Билярски, И. Бурилкова. УИ "Св. Климент Охридски", 2007, ISBN 9789549800623, Увод, стр. 7.
  136. ↑ Valkov, Martin, The Internal Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Organization and the Idea for Autonomy for Macedonia and Adrianople Thrace, 1893-1912; M.A. dissertation, Central European University (Budapest, 2010), p. 5.
  137. ↑ The author of the regulations Ivan Hadzhinikolov points out: "finally we decided that we should write a rules and I was instructed in 1895 to prepare them." For more: Д . Димески, Создавањето на Македонската револуционерна организација и нејзината организациона поставеност (1893-1895), Историја XXII/1, Скопје 198Б, стр. 70.
  138. ↑ Димитър Войников, Българите в най-източната част на Балканския полуостров - Източна Тракия. "Коралов и сие", 2009 г. 24. Идването на Гоце Делчев в Тракия и някои уточнения по този повод. Archived 2023-11-26 at the Wayback Machine
  139. ↑ Public Record Office – Foreign Office 78/4951 Turkey (Bulgaria). From Elliot. 1898; Устав на ТМОРО. S. 1. published in Документи за борбата на македонскиот народ за самостојност и за национална држава, Скопје, Универзитет "Кирил и Методиј":Факултет за филозофско-историски науки, 1981, page 331 – 333.
  140. ↑ Miljan Milkić; Srđan Rudić, eds. (2015). Први светски рат, Србија, Балкан и велике силе. Istorijski institut. p. 408. ISBN 9788677431112.
  141. ↑ Съдът регистрира БМОРК Илинден-Преображение. ФАКТ.БГ, 29 Януари, 2015. Archived 2025-01-24 at the Wayback Machine
  142. ↑ Паметник за революционерите от Македония, Беломорието и Одринско в София. Медиапул, 19 април 2016. Archived 2025-01-24 at the Wayback Machine
  143. ↑ "Бугарски културен клуб: И БМОРК да стои во преамбулата". MakPress.mk (in Macedonian). November 10, 2018. Archived from the original on January 24, 2025.
  144. ↑ ЉУБЧО ГЕОРГИЕВСКИ ПРЕДЛАГА ПРОМЕНАТА НА УСТАВОТ ДА БИДЕ СПОРЕД УСТАВОТ НА ИСТОРИСКОТО ВМРО. MakPress, 03/04/2023. Archived 2024-05-30 at the Wayback Machine
  145. ↑ Чкртнал Бугарин, напишал Македонец. Историчарот вели дека Гоце го изменил Уставот на организацијата. 04/02/2023 г., Плусинфо Archived 2023-02-04 at the Wayback Machine.
  146. ↑ Митревски, Дарко. Нашиот голем фалшификат (прв дел). Превземено од Нова Македониja, недела, 8.11.2015 г.
  147. ↑ Митревски, Дарко. Нашиот голем фалшификат (втор дел). Превземено од Нова Македониja, четврток, 17.03.2016. Archived 2024-06-12 at the Wayback Machine
  148. ↑ Захари Стоянов. Текст на устава на БРЦК публикуван в "Записки по българските въстания" (in Bulgarian). София: Виртуалната библиотека "Словото" из том 1 на Записките. Разкази на очевидци, 1870-1876. 1977..
  149. ↑ Устав на Българските македоно-одрински революционни комитети, съставен след Солунския общ конгрес на организацията, [Солун, 1896 г.] (in Bulgarian). София: Вътрешната Македоно-одринска революционна организация (1893-1919 г.) – документи на централните ръководни органи. Том 1. Част 1. Съст. Ц. Билярски, И. Бурилкова. София: Държавна агенция "Архиви", стр. 127-128. 2007.
  150. ↑ Ковачовъ, Владиславъ. Автономна Македония (PDF) (in Bulgarian). София: Печатница С. М. Стайковъ. 1919. p. 14.
  151. ↑ Вътрешната македоно-одринска революционна организация (1893-1919 г.) Документи на централните ръководни органи (устави, правилници, мемоари, декларации, окръжни, протоколи, наредби, резолюции, писма). Т. І, ч. 1 и 2. Съст. Ц. Билярски, И. Бурилкова. УИ "Св. Климент Охридски", 2007, ISBN 9789549800623 стр. 142.
  152. ↑ Борбите на македонския народ за освобождение. Димитъръ Влаховъ (in Bulgarian). Виена: Библиотека Балканска Федерация, № 1, ВМРО (Обединена). 1925. p. 10. Archived from the original on 2023-03-21. Retrieved 2023-04-27.
  153. ↑ Никола Зографов, "Строежа на живота. Едно обяснение на въпросите: 1. Как се създаде погрома на България. 2. Защо не можа да бъде извоювана автономията на Македония и Одринско", Печатница П. Глушков, София, 1927 година. (Принос към историята на революционна Македония)., p. 58
  154. ↑ Ѓорѓиев, Ванчо, Петар Поп Арсов (1868–1941). Прилог кон проучувањето на македонското националноослободително движење. 1997, Скопjе, стр. 61.
  155. ↑ Въ Македония и Одринско: Спомени на Михаилъ Герджиковъ. II. Първиятъ Централенъ комитетъ на ВМРО.: Спомени на д-ръ Христо Татарчевъ. Съобщава Л. Милетичъ (PDF) (in Bulgarian). София: Материяли за историята на македонското освободително движение, Издава Македонскиятъ Наученъ Институтъ, Книга IX, Печатница П. Глушковъ. 1928. p. 103. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2023-03-21. Retrieved 2023-03-21.
  156. ↑ Книги и Материјали за Македонија, Алексо Мартулков, Моето учество во револуционерните борби на Македонија., p. 66
  157. ↑ Mehmet Hacısalihoğlu (2012). "Yane Sandanski as a political leader in Macedonia in the era of the Young Turks". Cahiers balkaniques: 4. Archived from the original on June 23, 2023.;
  158. ↑ Освободителнитѣ борби на Македония, том I, Илинденското възстание, Хр. Силянов (изд. на Илинденската Орг., София, 1933; (in Bulgarian). София: издание на Илинденската Организация. 1933. p. 40. Archived from the original on 2019-05-16. Retrieved 2024-04-10.
  159. ↑ It contains the following text in Ottoman Turkish: "We inform you, that on April, 22 (5 May 1903), in the village of Banitsa one of the leaders of the Bulgarian Committees, with name Delchev, was killed". Tashev, Spas., Some Authentic Turkish Documents About Macedonia, International Institute for Macedonia, Sofia, 1998.
  160. ↑ "На дваесет и вториот ден од април (5 маj) во селото Баниса во раце падна мртов еден од челниците на бугарските комитети по име Делчев..." For more: Александар Стоjaновски - "Турски документи за убиството на Гоце Делчев", Скопjе, 1992 година, стр. 38.