GAS5

GAS5
Identifiers
Aliases	GAS5, NCRNA00030, SNHG2, growth arrest specific 5 (non-protein coding)
External IDs	OMIM: 608280; GeneCards: GAS5
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 1 (human)
End	173,868,882 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	left ovary; ; body of pancreas; ; right ovary; ; cartilage tissue; ; right uterine tube; ; canal of the cervix; ; skin of abdomen; ; ganglionic eminence; ; skin of arm; ; body of uterus;
	n/a
	More reference expression data
	n/a
Orthologs
Databases	NCBI: entry; OMA: entry
	60674
	n/a
	ENSG00000234741
	n/a
	n; a
	n/a
	n/a
	n/a
	n/a
	n/a
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human

Growth arrest-specific 5 is a non-protein coding RNA that in humans is encoded by the GAS5 gene.

Gene

The GAS5 introns host several snoRNA sequences, including SNORD81, SNORD47, SNORD80, SNORD79, SNORD78, SNORD44, SNORD77, SNORD76, SNORD75 and SNORD74. These intronic sequences are more conserved than the exons of the host gene, these sorts of genes are often called "inside-out genes".

Function

GAS5 noncoding RNA, which accumulates in growth arrested cells, acts as a decoy hormone response element for the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and hence blocks the upregulation of gene expression by activated GR.

It was recently discovered that the nonsense-mediated degradation pathway can regulate the function of the GAS5 in mammalian cells.

Clinical significance

A number of studies have linked GAS5 to apoptosis and it may play a role in the progression of some types of cancer.

References

1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000234741 – Ensembl, May 2017
↑ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑ "Entrez Gene: growth arrest-specific 5 (non-protein coding)".
1 2 Smith CM, Steitz JA (December 1998). "Classification of gas5 as a multi-small-nucleolar-RNA (snoRNA) host gene and a member of the 5'-terminal oligopyrimidine gene family reveals common features of snoRNA host genes". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 18 (12): 6897–6909. doi:10.1128/mcb.18.12.6897. PMC 109273. PMID 9819378.
↑ Tanaka R, Satoh H, Moriyama M, Satoh K, Morishita Y, Yoshida S, et al. (2000). "Intronic U50 small-nucleolar-RNA (snoRNA) host gene of no protein-coding potential is mapped at the chromosome breakpoint t(3;6)(q27;q15) of human B-cell lymphoma". Genes to Cells. 5 (4): 277–287. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2443.2000.00325.x. PMID 10792466.
↑ Raho G, Barone V, Rossi D, Philipson L, Sorrentino V (2000). "The gas 5 gene shows four alternative splicing patterns without coding for a protein". Gene. 256 (1–2): 13–17. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(00)00363-2. PMID 11054530.
↑ Hirose T, Steitz JA (2001). "Position within the host intron is critical for efficient processing of box C/D snoRNAs in mammalian cells". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 98 (23): 12914–12919. Bibcode:2001PNAS...9812914H. doi:10.1073/pnas.231490998. PMC 60799. PMID 11606788.
↑ Eddy SR (December 1999). "Noncoding RNA genes". Current Opinion in Genetics & Development. 9 (6): 695–699. doi:10.1016/S0959-437X(99)00022-2. PMID 10607607.
↑ Kino T, Hurt DE, Ichijo T, Nader N, Chrousos GP (2010). "Noncoding RNA Gas5 Is a Growth Arrest and Starvation-Associated Repressor of the Glucocorticoid Receptor". Science Signaling. 3 (107): ra8. doi:10.1126/scisignal.2000568. PMC 2819218. PMID 20124551.
↑ Garabedian MJ, Logan SK (2010). "Glucocorticoid receptor DNA binding decoy is a gas". Science Signaling. 3 (108): pe5. doi:10.1126/scisignal.3108pe5. PMID 20145207. S2CID 21089519.
↑ Tani H, Torimura M, Akimitsu N (2013). "The RNA degradation pathway regulates the function of GAS5 a non-coding RNA in mammalian cells". PLOS ONE. 8 (1): e556884. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...855684T. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0055684. PMC 3559549. PMID 23383264.
↑ Mourtada-Maarabouni M, Pickard MR, Hedge VL, Farzaneh F, Williams GT (2009). "GAS5, a non-protein-coding RNA, controls apoptosis and is downregulated in breast cancer". Oncogene. 28 (2): 195–208. doi:10.1038/onc.2008.373. PMID 18836484. S2CID 9209496.
↑ Nakamura Y, Takahashi N, Kakegawa E, Yoshida K, Ito Y, Kayano H, et al. (2008). "The GAS5 (growth arrest-specific transcript 5) gene fuses to BCL6 as a result of t(1;3)(q25;q27) in a patient with B-cell lymphoma". Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics. 182 (2): 144–149. doi:10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2008.01.013. PMID 18406879.
↑ Mourtada-Maarabouni M, Hedge VL, Kirkham L, Farzaneh F, Williams GT (2008). "Growth arrest in human T-cells is controlled by the non-coding RNA growth-arrest-specific transcript 5 (GAS5)". Journal of Cell Science. 121 (Pt 7): 939–946. doi:10.1242/jcs.024646. PMID 18354083. S2CID 218512.

This article on a gene on human chromosome 1 is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by adding missing information.

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] 1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000234741 – Ensembl, May 2017

[2] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[entrez-3] "Entrez Gene: growth arrest-specific 5 (non-protein coding)".

[Smith_1998-4] 1 2 Smith CM, Steitz JA (December 1998). "Classification of gas5 as a multi-small-nucleolar-RNA (snoRNA) host gene and a member of the 5'-terminal oligopyrimidine gene family reveals common features of snoRNA host genes". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 18 (12): 6897–6909. doi:10.1128/mcb.18.12.6897. PMC 109273. PMID 9819378.

[Tanaka_2000-5] Tanaka R, Satoh H, Moriyama M, Satoh K, Morishita Y, Yoshida S, et al. (2000). "Intronic U50 small-nucleolar-RNA (snoRNA) host gene of no protein-coding potential is mapped at the chromosome breakpoint t(3;6)(q27;q15) of human B-cell lymphoma". Genes to Cells. 5 (4): 277–287. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2443.2000.00325.x. PMID 10792466.

[Raho_2000-6] Raho G, Barone V, Rossi D, Philipson L, Sorrentino V (2000). "The gas 5 gene shows four alternative splicing patterns without coding for a protein". Gene. 256 (1–2): 13–17. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(00)00363-2. PMID 11054530.

[Hirose_2001-7] Hirose T, Steitz JA (2001). "Position within the host intron is critical for efficient processing of box C/D snoRNAs in mammalian cells". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 98 (23): 12914–12919. Bibcode:2001PNAS...9812914H. doi:10.1073/pnas.231490998. PMC 60799. PMID 11606788.

[Eddy_1999-8] Eddy SR (December 1999). "Noncoding RNA genes". Current Opinion in Genetics & Development. 9 (6): 695–699. doi:10.1016/S0959-437X(99)00022-2. PMID 10607607.

[Kino_2010-9] Kino T, Hurt DE, Ichijo T, Nader N, Chrousos GP (2010). "Noncoding RNA Gas5 Is a Growth Arrest and Starvation-Associated Repressor of the Glucocorticoid Receptor". Science Signaling. 3 (107): ra8. doi:10.1126/scisignal.2000568. PMC 2819218. PMID 20124551.

[Garabedian_2010-10] Garabedian MJ, Logan SK (2010). "Glucocorticoid receptor DNA binding decoy is a gas". Science Signaling. 3 (108): pe5. doi:10.1126/scisignal.3108pe5. PMID 20145207. S2CID 21089519.

[Tani_2013-11] Tani H, Torimura M, Akimitsu N (2013). "The RNA degradation pathway regulates the function of GAS5 a non-coding RNA in mammalian cells". PLOS ONE. 8 (1): e556884. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...855684T. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0055684. PMC 3559549. PMID 23383264.

[Mourtada-Maarabouni_2009-12] Mourtada-Maarabouni M, Pickard MR, Hedge VL, Farzaneh F, Williams GT (2009). "GAS5, a non-protein-coding RNA, controls apoptosis and is downregulated in breast cancer". Oncogene. 28 (2): 195–208. doi:10.1038/onc.2008.373. PMID 18836484. S2CID 9209496.

[Nakamura_2008-13] Nakamura Y, Takahashi N, Kakegawa E, Yoshida K, Ito Y, Kayano H, et al. (2008). "The GAS5 (growth arrest-specific transcript 5) gene fuses to BCL6 as a result of t(1;3)(q25;q27) in a patient with B-cell lymphoma". Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics. 182 (2): 144–149. doi:10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2008.01.013. PMID 18406879.

[Mourtada-Maarabouni_2008-14] Mourtada-Maarabouni M, Hedge VL, Kirkham L, Farzaneh F, Williams GT (2008). "Growth arrest in human T-cells is controlled by the non-coding RNA growth-arrest-specific transcript 5 (GAS5)". Journal of Cell Science. 121 (Pt 7): 939–946. doi:10.1242/jcs.024646. PMID 18354083. S2CID 218512.