Great Patriotic Pole

Simón Bolívar Great Patriotic Pole

Gran Polo Patriótico Simón Bolívar
Simón Bolívar Great Patriotic Pole Gran Polo Patriótico Simón Bolívar
Abbreviation	GPPSB; GPP
Leader	Delcy Rodríguez
Founder	Hugo Chávez
Founded	7 October 2011
Ideology	Bolivarianism; Chavismo; Left-wing nationalism; Left-wing populism; Socialism of the 21st century; Anti-imperialism; Anti-capitalism; Anti-Americanism; Communism; Marxism-Leninism
Political position	Left-wing to far-left[citation needed]
Colors	Orange, blue, red, yellow
Seats in the National Assembly	253 / 285
Governors of States	19 / 23
Mercosur	18 / 23
Mayors	306 / 337
Website
	granpolopatriotico.org.ve (archived)
	Politics of Venezuela; Political parties; Elections;

The Simón Bolívar Great Patriotic Pole (Spanish: Gran Polo Patriótico Simón Bolívar, GPPSB), simply known as the Great Patriotic Pole (Spanish: Gran Polo Patriótico, GPP), is a left-wing^{[citation needed]}, socialist, and Chavista electoral alliance and popular front of Venezuelan political parties created in 2012 to support the re-election of Hugo Chávez in the 2012 Venezuelan presidential election.

Members

The GPP is composed of the following political parties:

Party	Spanish name	Leader	Ideology	National Assembly	Government
United Socialist Party of Venezuela	Partido Socialista Unido de Venezuela	Nicolás Maduro as President Diosdado Cabello as Parliamentary Leader	Chavismo Bolivarianism Socialism of the 21st century	219 / 277	Majority
Fatherland for All (section)	Patria Para Todos	N/a	Democratic socialism Libertarian Marxism	8 / 277

Tupamaro (section)	Tendencias Unificadas Para Alcanzar el Movimiento de Acción Revolucionaria Organizada	N/a	Communism Marxism–Leninism Guevarism Foco theory Revolutionary socialism	7 / 277
For Social Democracy	Por la Democracia Social	Didalco Bolívar	Social democracy	4 / 277
Republican Bicentennial Vanguard	Vanguardia Bicentenaria Republicana	N/a	Bolivarianism	0 / 277
Venezuelan Popular Unity	Unidad Popular Venezolana	N/a	Anti-imperialism	2 / 277
Alliance for Change	Alianza para el Cambio	Carlos Vargas	Social democracy	3 / 277
People's Electoral Movement	Movimiento Electoral del Pueblo	N/a	Left-wing populism	3 / 277
Organized Socialist Party in Venezuela	Partido Socialista Organizado en Venezuela	Fernando Lisboa	Democratic socialism	0 / 277
Movement We Are Venezuela	Movimiento Somos Venezuela	Delcy Rodríguez	Left-wing nationalism	5 / 277
Networks Party	Partido Redes	Juan Barreto	Chavismo	0 / 277
Authentic Renewal Organization	Organización Renovadora –Auténtica	N/a	Christian socialism	2 / 277
Venezuelan Revolutionary Currents	Corrientes Revolucionarias Venezolanas	Ramsés Colmenares (es)	Communism	0 / 277
Not members, but politically support the GPP
Revolutionary Middle Class	Clase Media Revolucionaria	Reinaldo Quijada	Chavismo	0 / 277	Not in government
Marxist–Leninist Communist Party of Venezuela [Wikidata]	Partido Comunista Marxista-Leninista de Venezuela	N/a	Communism Marxism–Leninism Hoxhaism Anti-Revisionism	0 / 277
Worker's Party	Partido de los Trabajadores	N/a	N/a	0 / 277

Election results

Parliamentary

National Assembly
Election year	No. of overall votes	% of overall vote	No. of overall seats won	+/–	Leader
2015	5,625,248 (2nd)	40.9	55 / 167	55	Diosdado Cabello
2020	4,317,819 (1st)	69.3	253 / 277	198	Diosdado Cabello
2025	5,024,475 (1st)	83.4	253 / 285	0	Jorge Rodríguez

Presidential

Election year	Name	Results
Election year	Name	# of overall votes	% of overall vote
2012	Hugo Chávez	8,191,132	55.1 (1st)
2012	Member of "United Socialist Party of Venezuela" party in coalition. Winner
2013	Nicolás Maduro	7,587,579	50.6 (1st)
2013	Member of "United Socialist Party of Venezuela" party in coalition. Winner
2018 (disputed)	Nicolás Maduro	6,205,875	67.8 (1st)
2018 (disputed)	Member of "United Socialist Party of Venezuela" party in coalition. Winner
2024 (disputed)	Nicolás Maduro	6,408,844	51.95 (1st)
2024 (disputed)	Member of "United Socialist Party of Venezuela" party in coalition. Winner

Regional

Election year	No. of overall votes	% of overall vote	Governors
2012	4,853,494 (1st)	56.2	20 / 23
2017	5,814,903 (1st)	55.1	18 / 23
2021	3,595,490 (1st)	40.2	19 / 23

Municipal

Election year	No. of overall votes	% of overall vote
2013	5,216,522 (1st)	48.7
2017	6,517,506 (1st)	71.3
2018	~5,519,890 (1st)	97.3

Notes

^a Also includes some centre-left parties and one right-wing party, but is dominated by the left-wing other than on social policies such as abortion and LGBT rights.

References

1 2 3 4 PSUV (June 2010). "Declaración de Principios". Libro Rojo: documentos fundamentales (PDF) (in Spanish). p. 45.
1 2 "Venezuela: la oposición consigue mayoría calificada de 3/5 en las elecciones parlamentarias". BBC Mundo. December 8, 2015. Retrieved December 17, 2023.
1 2
- Malešević, Siniša (2023). "The Many Faces of Nationalism". Nationalities Papers. 52 (3). Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Association for the Study of Nationalities: 2. doi:10.1017/nps.2022.114. Nationalist ideas are the cornerstone of such ideologically diverse movements as the far right Reconquete! in France and Finns Party in Finland and the far-left groups such as the Catalan"s Candidatura d"Unitat Popular or the United Socialist Party of Venezuela.
- Miranda, Rafael (2017). "¿Qué ha sido de las democracias de la segunda ola? Estudio histórico comparado entre Costa Rica, Colombia y Venezuela". Democracia, violencia y territorio en América Latina). Ciencia Política (in Spanish). 12 (24). Universidad Nacional de Colombia: 300. doi:10.15446/cp.v12n24.65248. ISSN 1909-230X. En la actualidad se ha configurado un sistema político bipolar centrifugo, siendo los dos lados de la fractura el chavismo y el anti chavismo, en el primer polo se encuentra el Partido Socialista Unido de Venezuela (PSUV) de extrema izquierda, antiliberal y autoritario, y el segundo polo tiene como principal autor la coalición llamada la Mesa de la Unidad Democrática (MUD) donde se encuentran partidos moderados como el tradicional AD hasta partidos de extrema derecha como el Partido Vente Venezuela y el Partido Voluntad Popular, pasando por nuevos partidos que han logrado tener un alcance nacional como el Partido Primero Justicia. [Currently, a centrifugal bipolar political system has been established, with Chavismo and anti-Chavismo on opposite sides of the divide. On one side is the far-left, anti-liberal and authoritarian United Socialist Party of Venezuela (PSUV), and the second pole is led by the coalition known as the Mesa de la Unidad Democrática (MUD), which includes moderate parties such as the traditional AD and far-right parties such as the Vente Venezuela Party and the Voluntad Popular Party, as well as new parties that have achieved national reach, such as the Primero Justicia Party.]
- Krause, Katharina Malena (2023). Exploring The Authoritarian Personality (Master thesis). University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Graduate School. p. 51. doi:10.17615/r24t-pa82. Contemporary Venezuela, under leadership of Maduro and the far-left socialist PSUV, and Orbán's Hungary, show that even countries that used to be established democracies can erode quickly if a leader embodying authoritarian character traits assumes office.
- McKibben, Charlene (2020). "Populism on the periphery of democracy: moralism and recognition theory". Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy. 26 (6). Routledge. doi:10.1080/13698230.2020.1799159. Therefore, many political parties ranging from the far-left, such as Syriza in Greece and Chávez's United Socialist Party of Venezuela (PSUV)...
↑ Lopéz, Ociel Alí (July 11, 2018). "Chavismo: Its Strength Could Be its Greatest Risk". North American Congress on Latin America. Retrieved January 27, 2019.
1 2 "Conference Proceedings Library". International Political Science Association. Retrieved February 22, 2019.
1 2 "Colectivos en Venezuela: ¿Organizaciones sociales o criminales?". NTN24. October 8, 2014. Archived from the original on October 10, 2014. Retrieved March 9, 2015.
1 2 "Rapping Chavez launches coalition year before vote". Stabroek News. October 8, 2011. Retrieved October 12, 2026. President Hugo Chavez resuscitated a left-wing political coalition [Great Patriotic Pole] yesterday that he hopes will propel him to re-election.
1 2 Terryn, Tristan; Tvedad, Jesper (October 26, 2012). "Presidential Elections in Venezuela : Towards 20 Years of Bolivarian Revolution?" (PDF). www.europarl.europa.eu. Retrieved October 12, 2026. President Hugo Chávez ran as candidate for the Great Patriotic Pole (Gran Polo Patriótico, GPP), an alliance of 12 political parties on the left whose members also include more than 34 000 local social organisations and grassroots movements.
↑ "Hugo Chavez revives Venezuela election coalition". BBC. October 8, 2011. Retrieved April 15, 2019.
↑ "Venezuela opposition leaders taken from homes overnight". CBC Canada. Associated Press. August 1, 2017. Retrieved April 15, 2019.

External links

Official website

[Nuevo_Libro_Rojo-1] 1 2 3 4 PSUV (June 2010). "Declaración de Principios". Libro Rojo: documentos fundamentales (PDF) (in Spanish). p. 45.

[auto4-2] 1 2 "Venezuela: la oposición consigue mayoría calificada de 3/5 en las elecciones parlamentarias". BBC Mundo. December 8, 2015. Retrieved December 17, 2023.

[auto-3] 1 2
Malešević, Siniša (2023). "The Many Faces of Nationalism". Nationalities Papers. 52 (3). Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Association for the Study of Nationalities: 2. doi:10.1017/nps.2022.114. Nationalist ideas are the cornerstone of such ideologically diverse movements as the far right Reconquete! in France and Finns Party in Finland and the far-left groups such as the Catalan"s Candidatura d"Unitat Popular or the United Socialist Party of Venezuela.
Miranda, Rafael (2017). "¿Qué ha sido de las democracias de la segunda ola? Estudio histórico comparado entre Costa Rica, Colombia y Venezuela". Democracia, violencia y territorio en América Latina). Ciencia Política (in Spanish). 12 (24). Universidad Nacional de Colombia: 300. doi:10.15446/cp.v12n24.65248. ISSN 1909-230X. En la actualidad se ha configurado un sistema político bipolar centrifugo, siendo los dos lados de la fractura el chavismo y el anti chavismo, en el primer polo se encuentra el Partido Socialista Unido de Venezuela (PSUV) de extrema izquierda, antiliberal y autoritario, y el segundo polo tiene como principal autor la coalición llamada la Mesa de la Unidad Democrática (MUD) donde se encuentran partidos moderados como el tradicional AD hasta partidos de extrema derecha como el Partido Vente Venezuela y el Partido Voluntad Popular, pasando por nuevos partidos que han logrado tener un alcance nacional como el Partido Primero Justicia. [Currently, a centrifugal bipolar political system has been established, with Chavismo and anti-Chavismo on opposite sides of the divide. On one side is the far-left, anti-liberal and authoritarian United Socialist Party of Venezuela (PSUV), and the second pole is led by the coalition known as the Mesa de la Unidad Democrática (MUD), which includes moderate parties such as the traditional AD and far-right parties such as the Vente Venezuela Party and the Voluntad Popular Party, as well as new parties that have achieved national reach, such as the Primero Justicia Party.]
Krause, Katharina Malena (2023). Exploring The Authoritarian Personality (Master thesis). University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Graduate School. p. 51. doi:10.17615/r24t-pa82. Contemporary Venezuela, under leadership of Maduro and the far-left socialist PSUV, and Orbán's Hungary, show that even countries that used to be established democracies can erode quickly if a leader embodying authoritarian character traits assumes office.
McKibben, Charlene (2020). "Populism on the periphery of democracy: moralism and recognition theory". Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy. 26 (6). Routledge. doi:10.1080/13698230.2020.1799159. Therefore, many political parties ranging from the far-left, such as Syriza in Greece and Chávez's United Socialist Party of Venezuela (PSUV)...

[mwAh0] Malešević, Siniša (2023). "The Many Faces of Nationalism". Nationalities Papers. 52 (3). Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Association for the Study of Nationalities: 2. doi:10.1017/nps.2022.114. Nationalist ideas are the cornerstone of such ideologically diverse movements as the far right Reconquete! in France and Finns Party in Finland and the far-left groups such as the Catalan"s Candidatura d"Unitat Popular or the United Socialist Party of Venezuela.

[mwAig] Miranda, Rafael (2017). "¿Qué ha sido de las democracias de la segunda ola? Estudio histórico comparado entre Costa Rica, Colombia y Venezuela". Democracia, violencia y territorio en América Latina). Ciencia Política (in Spanish). 12 (24). Universidad Nacional de Colombia: 300. doi:10.15446/cp.v12n24.65248. ISSN 1909-230X. En la actualidad se ha configurado un sistema político bipolar centrifugo, siendo los dos lados de la fractura el chavismo y el anti chavismo, en el primer polo se encuentra el Partido Socialista Unido de Venezuela (PSUV) de extrema izquierda, antiliberal y autoritario, y el segundo polo tiene como principal autor la coalición llamada la Mesa de la Unidad Democrática (MUD) donde se encuentran partidos moderados como el tradicional AD hasta partidos de extrema derecha como el Partido Vente Venezuela y el Partido Voluntad Popular, pasando por nuevos partidos que han logrado tener un alcance nacional como el Partido Primero Justicia. [Currently, a centrifugal bipolar political system has been established, with Chavismo and anti-Chavismo on opposite sides of the divide. On one side is the far-left, anti-liberal and authoritarian United Socialist Party of Venezuela (PSUV), and the second pole is led by the coalition known as the Mesa de la Unidad Democrática (MUD), which includes moderate parties such as the traditional AD and far-right parties such as the Vente Venezuela Party and the Voluntad Popular Party, as well as new parties that have achieved national reach, such as the Primero Justicia Party.]

[mwAjg] Krause, Katharina Malena (2023). Exploring The Authoritarian Personality (Master thesis). University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Graduate School. p. 51. doi:10.17615/r24t-pa82. Contemporary Venezuela, under leadership of Maduro and the far-left socialist PSUV, and Orbán's Hungary, show that even countries that used to be established democracies can erode quickly if a leader embodying authoritarian character traits assumes office.

[mwAkE] McKibben, Charlene (2020). "Populism on the periphery of democracy: moralism and recognition theory". Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy. 26 (6). Routledge. doi:10.1080/13698230.2020.1799159. Therefore, many political parties ranging from the far-left, such as Syriza in Greece and Chávez's United Socialist Party of Venezuela (PSUV)...

[4] Lopéz, Ociel Alí (July 11, 2018). "Chavismo: Its Strength Could Be its Greatest Risk". North American Congress on Latin America. Retrieved January 27, 2019.

[auto1-5] 1 2 "Conference Proceedings Library". International Political Science Association. Retrieved February 22, 2019.

[auto3-6] 1 2 "Colectivos en Venezuela: ¿Organizaciones sociales o criminales?". NTN24. October 8, 2014. Archived from the original on October 10, 2014. Retrieved March 9, 2015.

[auto2-7] 1 2 "Rapping Chavez launches coalition year before vote". Stabroek News. October 8, 2011. Retrieved October 12, 2026. President Hugo Chavez resuscitated a left-wing political coalition [Great Patriotic Pole] yesterday that he hopes will propel him to re-election.

[auto5-8] 1 2 Terryn, Tristan; Tvedad, Jesper (October 26, 2012). "Presidential Elections in Venezuela : Towards 20 Years of Bolivarian Revolution?" (PDF). www.europarl.europa.eu. Retrieved October 12, 2026. President Hugo Chávez ran as candidate for the Great Patriotic Pole (Gran Polo Patriótico, GPP), an alliance of 12 political parties on the left whose members also include more than 34 000 local social organisations and grassroots movements.

[9] "Hugo Chavez revives Venezuela election coalition". BBC. October 8, 2011. Retrieved April 15, 2019.

[10] "Venezuela opposition leaders taken from homes overnight". CBC Canada. Associated Press. August 1, 2017. Retrieved April 15, 2019.

v t e Political parties in Venezuela
National Assembly (277 seats)	Great Patriotic Pole (253) United Socialist Party of Venezuela 219 Fatherland for All 8 Tupamaro 7 We Are Venezuela Movement 5 Alliance for Change 3 People's Electoral Movement 3 Authentic Renewal Organization 2 Venezuelan Popular Unity 2 Democratic Alliance (22) Democratic Action 11 PODEMOS 4 Progressive Advance 3 Hope for Change 3 Copei 1 United Venezuela Alliance (2) Venezuela First 2 Popular Revolutionary Alternative (1) Communist Party of Venezuela 1
Extra-parliamentary	Agreement for Change Movement for Socialism Democratic Republican Union Marxist–Leninist Communist Party of Venezuela Red Flag Party Ecological Movement of Venezuela National Council of Venezuelan Indians National Convergence Citizen Force (es) Cambiemos Movimiento Ciudadano Justice First A New Era Popular Will Radical Cause Progressive Movement of Venezuela (es) Clear Accounts (es) Project Venezuela Come Venezuela Fearless People's Alliance Emergent People Republican Bicentennial Vanguard Humanist Popular Front Union and Change
Portal:Politics List of political parties Politics of Venezuela