Gene density

In genetics, the gene density of an organism's genome is the ratio of the number of genes per number of base pairs, usually written in terms of a million base pairs, or megabase (Mb). The human genome has a gene density of 11-15 genes/Mb, while the genome of the C. elegans roundworm is estimated to have 200.

Seemingly simple organisms, such as bacteria and amoebas, have a much higher gene density than humans. Bacterial DNA has a gene density on the order of 500-1000 genes/Mb. This is due several factors, including that the fact that bacterial DNA has no introns. There are also fewer codons in bacterial genes.

Species

Protozoa

species number of genes base pairs in genome (Mb) gene density
Babesia microti 3,685 6.4 575.8
Besnoitia besnoiti 8,546 58.8 145.3
Cryptosporidium parvum 3,887 9.1 427.1
Giardia intestinalis 5,388 11.5 468.5
Leishmania donovani 8,123 32.4 250.7
Plasmodium falciparum 5,683 23.5 241.8
Phytophthora infestans 19,344 203.2 95.2
Tetrahymena thermophila 26,996 130.4 207
Theileria parva 4,141 8.3 498.9
Toxoplasma gondii 8,925 64.5 138.4
Trypanosoma cruzi 25,183 32.5 774.9

Fungi

species number of genes base pairs in genome (Mb) gene density
Agaricus bisporus 11,459 30.7 373.3
Aspergillus nidulans 9,586 30.6 313.3
Aspergillus niger 10,828 35.6 304.2
Candida albicans 6,263 14.7 426.1
Cryptococcus neoformans 7,004 18.6 376.5
Debaryomyces hansenii 6,495 12.1 536.8
Encephalitozoon cuniculi 2,029 2.3 882.2
Eremothecium gossypii 5,356 9.1 588.6
Fusarium oxysporum 21,354 52.4 407.5
Kluyveromyces lactis 5,335 10.6 503.3
Lasiodiplodia theobromae 13,054 43.6 299.4
Neurospora crassa 10,590 41.3 256.4
Saccharomyces cerevisiae 6,445 11.9 541.6
Saccharomyces paradoxus 5,840 12 486.6
Schizosaccharomyces pombe 6,974 12.8 544.8
Talaromyces marneffei 10,138 28.3 358.2
Tremella mesenterica 8,292 27.9 297.2
Trichoderma harzianum 14,294 40.7 351.2
Trichophyton rubrum 8,804 23.1 381.1
Ustilago maydis 6,909 19.9 347.2
Wallemia ichthyophaga 5,000 9.5 526.3
Yarrowia lipolytica 7,144 20.3 351.9

Plants

species common name number of genes base pairs in genome (Mb) gene density
Ananas comosus pineapple 25,758 382 67.4
Arabidopsis thaliana thale cress 38,311 119 321.9
Asparagus officinalis asparagus 32,237 1,187 27.2
Brassica rapa field mustard 51,592 333 154.9
Cannabis sativa cannabis 31,170 876 35.6
Cajanus cajan pigeon pea 33,495 593 56.5
Capsicum annuum pepper 41,729 2,909 14.3
Coffea arabica coffee 56,902 1,094 52
Glycine max soybean 59,905 995.7 60.2
Juglans regia English walnut 37,996 634.7 59.9
Nicotiana tabacum tobacco 74,273 3,734.2 19.9
Olea europaea olive 47,911 1,316.7 36.4
Oryza sativa rice 35,223 385 91.5
Panicum hallii grass 31,528 511.6 61.6
Physcomitrium patens spreading earthmoss 23,747 472 50.3
Prunus dulcis almond 26,936 236.9 113.7
Prunus persica peach 26,412 214.2 123.3
Punica granatum pomegrante 29,281 308.4 94.9
Rosa chinensis rose 40,349 513.9 78.5
Solanum lycopersicum tomato 31,263 813 38.5
Solanum tuberosum potato 33,606 760 44.2
Theobroma cacao cocoa 24,957 335 74.5
Zea mays corn 49,796 2,197 22.7

Invertebrate

invertebrate species
species common name number of genes base pairs in genome (Mb) gene density
Aedes aegypti yellow fever mosquito 19,623 1,274 15.4
Anopheles gambiae African malaria mosquito 13,247 250 53
Apis mellifera honey bee 12,374 226 54.8
Caenorhabditis elegans C. elegans 47,632 102 467
Daphnia magna water flea 21,549 126 171
Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly 17,868 137 130.4
Hydra vulgaris hydra 22,980 1,055 21.8
Limulus polyphemus horseshoe crab 27,318 1,828 14.9
Octopus sinensis octopus 29,784 2,719 11
Pediculus humanus human louse 10,993 110 99.9
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus purple sea urchin 33,504 921 36.4

Vertebrate non-mammals

species common name number of genes base pairs in genome (Mb) gene density
Alligator mississippiensis American alligator 25,279 2,161 11.7
Anolis carolinensis anole lizard 22,293 1,799 12.4
Astyanax mexicanus Mexican tetra 31,695 1,263 25.1
Columba livia pigeon 26,679 1,063 25.1
Danio rerio zebrafish 47,350 1,408 33.6
Gallus gallus chicken 24,402 1,043 23.4
Nothobranchius furzeri turquoise killifish 25,387 1,052 24.1
Oryzias latipes Japanese rice fish 26,846 746 36
Petromyzon marinus sea lamprey 22,167 987 22.5
Taeniopygia guttata zebra finch 21,543 1,069 20.2
Takifugu rubripes Japanese puffer 27,413 384 71.8
Xenopus tropicalis tropical clawed frog 28,863 1,468 19.7
Xenopus laevis African clawed frog 37,283 2,718 13.7

Vertebrate mammals

species common name number of genes base pairs in genome (Mb) gene density
Acinonyx jubatus cheetah 34,482 2,378 14.5
Ailuropoda melanoleuca giant panda 32,950 2,371 13.9
Aotus nancymaae night monkey 31,331 2,861 11
Artibeus jamaicensis Jamaican fruit-eating bat 31,480 2,316 13.6
Arvicanthis niloticus African grass rat 31,912 2,496 12.8
Balaenoptera acutorostrata minke whale 26,805 2,431 11
Balaenoptera musculus blue whale 27,194 2,105 12.9
Bison bison American bison 27,488 2,828 9.7
Bos mutus wild yak 26,159 2,703 9.7
Bos taurus cattle 35,061 2,715 12.9
Canis lupus familiaris dog 36,717 2,370 15.5
Chinchilla lanigera long-tailed chinchilla 30,378 2,390 12.7
Felis catus cat 35,521 2,521 14
Gorilla gorilla gorilla 35,419 3,063 11.6
Homo sapiens human 44,507 2,861 15.5
Macaca mulatta Rhesus monkey 40,164 2,970 13.5
Mus musculus house mouse 42,823 2,689 15.9
Pan troglodytes chimpanzee 40,769 3,050 13.4
Rattus norvegicus brown rat 38,371 2,743 14
Sus scrofa pig 30,345 2,459 12.3

Gene count is calculated by the number of gene flags in the latest version of a given species gtf annotation file. Bear in mind that well studied organisms will probably have higher gene counts because these species have better annotation, therefore these numbers are estimates for comparison.

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Science Reference: Gene". Science Daily. Archived from the original on 2015-03-28. Retrieved 2013-10-15.
  2. ↑ Sands, Jeff. "Genomes of Bacteria". Lehigh University. Retrieved 2013-10-15.
  3. ↑ "Index of /genomes/refseq/protozoa/Babesia_microti/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_000691945.2_ASM69194v2". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-31.
  4. ↑ "Babesia microti (ID 11700) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-31.
  5. ↑ "Index of /genomes/refseq/protozoa/Besnoitia_besnoiti/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_002563875.1_Bbes1.0". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-31.
  6. ↑ "Besnoitia besnoiti (ID 62526) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-31.
  7. ↑ "Index of /genomes/refseq/protozoa/Cryptosporidium_parvum/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_000165345.1_ASM16534v1". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-31.
  8. ↑ "Cryptosporidium parvum (ID 29) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-31.
  9. ↑ "Giardia intestinalis (ID 26) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-31.
  10. ↑ "Giardia intestinalis (ID 26) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-30.
  11. ↑ "Index of /genomes/refseq/protozoa/Leishmania_donovani/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_000227135.1_ASM22713v2". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-31.
  12. ↑ "Leishmania donovani (ID 3516) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-31.
  13. ↑ "Index of /genomes/refseq/protozoa/Plasmodium_falciparum/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_000002765.5_GCA_000002765". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-30.[dead link]
  14. ↑ "Plasmodium falciparum (ID 33) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-30.
  15. ↑ "Index of /genomes/refseq/protozoa/Phytophthora_infestans/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_000142945.1_ASM14294v1". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-31.
  16. ↑ "Phytophthora infestans (ID 293) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-31.
  17. ↑ "Index of /genomes/refseq/protozoa/Tetrahymena_thermophila/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_000189635.1_JCVI-TTA1-2.2". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-30.
  18. ↑ "Tetrahymena thermophila (ID 222) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-30.
  19. ↑ "Index of /genomes/refseq/protozoa/Theileria_parva/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_000165365.1_ASM16536v1". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-31.
  20. ↑ "Theileria parva (ID 38) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-31.
  21. ↑ "Index of /genomes/refseq/protozoa/Toxoplasma_gondii/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_000006565.2_TGA4". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-31.
  22. ↑ "Toxoplasma gondii (ID 30) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-31.
  23. ↑ "Index of /genomes/refseq/protozoa/Trypanosoma_cruzi/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_000209065.1_ASM20906v1". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-30.
  24. ↑ "Trypanosoma cruzi (ID 25) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-30.
  25. ↑ "Index of /genomes/refseq/fungi/Agaricus_bisporus/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_000300555.1_Agabi_varbur_1". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-30.
  26. ↑ "Agaricus bisporus (ID 858) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-30.
  27. ↑ "Index of /genomes/refseq/fungi/Aspergillus_nidulans/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_000149205.2_ASM14920v2". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-30.[dead link]
  28. ↑ "Aspergillus nidulans (ID 17) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-30.
  29. ↑ "Index of /genomes/refseq/fungi/Aspergillus_niger/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_000002855.3_ASM285v2". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-14.[dead link]
  30. ↑ "Aspergillus niger (ID 429) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-14.
  31. ↑ "Index of /genomes/refseq/fungi/Candida_albicans/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_000182965.3_ASM18296v3". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-30.
  32. ↑ "Candida albicans (ID 21) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-30.
  33. ↑ "Index of /genomes/refseq/fungi/Cryptococcus_neoformans/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_000091045.1_ASM9104v1". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-14.[dead link]
  34. ↑ "Cryptococcus neoformans (ID 61) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-14.
  35. ↑ "Index of /genomes/refseq/fungi/Debaryomyces_hansenii/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_000006445.2_ASM644v2". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-31.
  36. ↑ "Debaryomyces hansenii (ID 195) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-31.
  37. ↑ "Index of /genomes/refseq/fungi/Encephalitozoon_cuniculi/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_000091225.1_ASM9122v1". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-31.[dead link]
  38. ↑ "Encephalitozoon cuniculi (ID 39) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-31.
  39. ↑ "Index of /genomes/refseq/fungi/Eremothecium_gossypii/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_000091025.4_ASM9102v4". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-30.
  40. ↑ "Eremothecium gossypii (ID 74) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-30.
  41. ↑ "Index of /genomes/refseq/fungi/Fusarium_oxysporum/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_000149955.1_ASM14995v2". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-31.
  42. ↑ "Fusarium oxysporum (ID 707) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-31.
  43. ↑ "Index of /genomes/refseq/fungi/Kluyveromyces_lactis/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_000002515.2_ASM251v1". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-31.
  44. ↑ "Kluyveromyces lactis (ID 193) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-31.
  45. ↑ "Index of /genomes/refseq/fungi/Lasiodiplodia_theobromae/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_012971845.1_ASM1297184v1". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-31.
  46. ↑ "Lasiodiplodia theobromae (ID 54334) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-31.
  47. ↑ "Index of /genomes/refseq/fungi/Neurospora_crassa/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_000182925.2_NC12". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-14.
  48. ↑ "Neurospora crassa (ID 19) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-14.
  49. ↑ "Index of /genomes/refseq/fungi/Saccharomyces_cerevisiae/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_000146045.2_R64". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-14.
  50. ↑ "Error encountered - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-14.
  51. ↑ "Index of /genomes/refseq/fungi/Saccharomyces_paradoxus/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_002079055.1_ASM207905v1". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-14.
  52. ↑ "Saccharomyces paradoxus (ID 66) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-14.
  53. ↑ "Index of /genomes/refseq/fungi/Schizosaccharomyces_pombe/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_000002945.1_ASM294v2". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-14.[dead link]
  54. ↑ "Schizosaccharomyces pombe (ID 14) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-14.
  55. ↑ "Index of /genomes/refseq/fungi/Talaromyces_marneffei/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_000001985.1_JCVI-PMFA1-2.0". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-31.[dead link]
  56. ↑ "Talaromyces marneffei (ID 728) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-31.
  57. ↑ "Index of /genomes/refseq/fungi/Tremella_mesenterica/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_000271645.1_Treme1". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-31.
  58. ↑ "Tremella mesenterica (ID 11041) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-31.
  59. ↑ "Index of /genomes/refseq/fungi/Trichoderma_harzianum/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_003025095.1_Triha_v1.0". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-31.
  60. ↑ "Trichoderma harzianum (ID 2441) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-31.
  61. ↑ "Index of /genomes/refseq/fungi/Trichophyton_rubrum/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_000151425.1_ASM15142v1". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-31.
  62. ↑ "Trichophyton rubrum (ID 799) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-31.
  63. ↑ "Index of /genomes/refseq/fungi/Ustilago_maydis/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_000328475.2_Umaydis521_2.0". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-30.[dead link]
  64. ↑ "Ustilago maydis (ID 70) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-30.
  65. ↑ "Index of /genomes/refseq/fungi/Wallemia_ichthyophaga/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_000400465.1_Wallemia_ichthyophaga_version_1.0". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-31.
  66. ↑ "Wallemia ichthyophaga (ID 17303) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-31.
  67. ↑ "Index of /genomes/refseq/fungi/Yarrowia_lipolytica/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_000002525.2_ASM252v1". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-30.[dead link]
  68. ↑ "Yarrowia lipolytica (ID 194) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-30.
  69. ↑ "Ananas comosus (ID 13945) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-01.
  70. ↑ "Index of /genomes/refseq/plant/Arabidopsis_thaliana/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_000001735.4_TAIR10.1". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-01.
  71. ↑ "Arabidopsis thaliana (ID 4) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-01.
  72. ↑ "Index of /genomes/refseq/plant/Asparagus_officinalis/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_001876935.1_Aspof.V1". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-01.
  73. ↑ "Asparagus officinalis (ID 10978) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-01.
  74. ↑ "Index of /genomes/refseq/plant/Brassica_rapa/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_000309985.2_CAAS_Brap_v3.01". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-01.
  75. ↑ "Brassica rapa (ID 229) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-01.
  76. ↑ "Index of /genomes/refseq/plant/Cannabis_sativa/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_900626175.2_cs10". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-01.[dead link]
  77. ↑ "Cannabis sativa (ID 11681) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-01.
  78. ↑ "Index of /genomes/refseq/plant/Cajanus_cajan/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_000340665.1_C.cajan_V1.0". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-31.[dead link]
  79. ↑ "Cajanus cajan (ID 2878) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-31.
  80. ↑ "Index of /genomes/refseq/plant/Capsicum_annuum/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_000710875.1_Pepper_Zunla_1_Ref_v1.0". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-31.[dead link]
  81. ↑ "Capsicum annuum (ID 10896) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-31.
  82. ↑ "Index of /genomes/refseq/plant/Coffea_arabica/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_003713225.1_Cara_1.0". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-01.[dead link]
  83. ↑ "Coffea arabica (ID 77) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-01.
  84. ↑ "Index of /genomes/refseq/plant/Glycine_max/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_000004515.5_Glycine_max_v2.1". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2021-01-01.[dead link]
  85. ↑ "Glycine max (ID 5) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2021-01-01.
  86. ↑ "Index of /genomes/refseq/plant/Juglans_regia/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_001411555.2_Walnut_2.0". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2021-01-01.
  87. ↑ "Juglans regia (ID 17683) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2021-01-01.
  88. ↑ "Index of /genomes/refseq/plant/Nicotiana_tabacum/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_000715135.1_Ntab-TN90". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-31.
  89. ↑ "Nicotiana tabacum (ID 425) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-31.
  90. ↑ "Olea europaea (ID 10724) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2021-01-01.
  91. ↑ "Olea europaea (ID 10724) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-31.
  92. ↑ "Index of /genomes/refseq/plant/Oryza_sativa/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_001433935.1_IRGSP-1.0". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-01.[dead link]
  93. ↑ "Oryza sativa (ID 10) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-01.
  94. ↑ "Index of /genomes/refseq/plant/Panicum_hallii/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_002211085.1_PHallii_v3.1". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-31.
  95. ↑ "Panicum hallii (ID 12791) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-31.
  96. ↑ "Physcomitrium patens (ID 383) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-01.
  97. ↑ "Physcomitrium patens (ID 383) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-01.
  98. ↑ "Index of /genomes/refseq/plant/Prunus_dulcis/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_902201215.1_ALMONDv2". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-31.
  99. ↑ "Prunus dulcis (ID 10947) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-31.
  100. ↑ "Index of /genomes/refseq/plant/Prunus_persica/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_000346465.2_Prunus_persica_NCBIv2". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-31.
  101. ↑ "Prunus persica (ID 388) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-31.
  102. ↑ "Index of /genomes/refseq/plant/Punica_granatum/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_007655135.1_ASM765513v2". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-31.
  103. ↑ "Punica granatum (ID 13946) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-31.
  104. ↑ "Index of /genomes/refseq/plant/Rosa_chinensis/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_002994745.1_RchiOBHm-V2". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-31.[dead link]
  105. ↑ "Rosa chinensis (ID 11715) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-31.
  106. ↑ "Index of /genomes/refseq/plant/Solanum_lycopersicum/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_000188115.4_SL3.0". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-01.[dead link]
  107. ↑ "Solanum lycopersicum (ID 7) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-01.
  108. ↑ "Index of /genomes/refseq/plant/Solanum_tuberosum/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_000226075.1_SolTub_3.0". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-01.
  109. ↑ "Solanum tuberosum (ID 400) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-01.
  110. ↑ "Index of /genomes/refseq/plant/Theobroma_cacao/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_000208745.1_Criollo_cocoa_genome_V2". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-01.
  111. ↑ "Theobroma cacao (ID 572) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-01.
  112. ↑ "Index of /genomes/refseq/plant/Zea_mays/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_902167145.1_Zm-B73-REFERENCE-NAM-5.0". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-01.
  113. ↑ "Zea mays (ID 12) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-01.
  114. ↑ "Index of /genomes/refseq/invertebrate/Aedes_aegypti/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_002204515.2_AaegL5.0". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  115. ↑ "Aedes aegypti (ID 44) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  116. ↑ "Index of /genomes/refseq/invertebrate/Anopheles_gambiae/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_000005575.2_AgamP3". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.[dead link]
  117. ↑ "Anopheles gambiae (ID 46) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  118. ↑ "Index of /genomes/refseq/invertebrate/Apis_mellifera/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_003254395.2_Amel_HAv3.1". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  119. ↑ "Apis mellifera (ID 48) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  120. ↑ "Index of /genomes/refseq/invertebrate/Caenorhabditis_elegans/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_000002985.6_WBcel235". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  121. ↑ "Caenorhabditis elegans (ID 41) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  122. ↑ "Index of /genomes/refseq/invertebrate/Daphnia_magna/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_003990815.1_ASM399081v1". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.[dead link]
  123. ↑ "Daphnia magna (ID 10953) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  124. ↑ "Index of /genomes/refseq/invertebrate/Drosophila_melanogaster/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_000001215.4_Release_6_plus_ISO1_MT". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  125. ↑ "Drosophila melanogaster (ID 47) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  126. ↑ "Index of /genomes/refseq/invertebrate/Hydra_vulgaris/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_000004095.1_Hydra_RP_1.0". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.[dead link]
  127. ↑ "Hydra vulgaris (ID 12836) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  128. ↑ "Index of /genomes/refseq/invertebrate/Limulus_polyphemus/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_000517525.1_Limulus_polyphemus-2.1.2". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  129. ↑ "Limulus polyphemus (ID 787) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  130. ↑ "Index of /genomes/refseq/invertebrate/Octopus_sinensis/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_006345805.1_ASM634580v1". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  131. ↑ "Octopus sinensis (ID 84214) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  132. ↑ "Index of /genomes/refseq/invertebrate/Pediculus_humanus/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_000006295.1_JCVI_LOUSE_1.0". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  133. ↑ "Pediculus humanus (ID 522) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  134. ↑ "Index of /genomes/refseq/invertebrate/Strongylocentrotus_purpuratus/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_000002235.5_Spur_5.0". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  135. ↑ "Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (ID 86) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  136. ↑ "Index of /genomes/refseq/vertebrate_other/Alligator_mississippiensis/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_000281125.3_ASM28112v4". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-01.[dead link]
  137. ↑ "Alligator mississippiensis (ID 13409) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-01.
  138. ↑ "Index of /genomes/refseq/vertebrate_other/Anolis_carolinensis/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_000090745.1_AnoCar2.0". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-01.[dead link]
  139. ↑ "Anolis carolinensis (ID 708) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-01.
  140. ↑ "Index of /genomes/refseq/vertebrate_other/Astyanax_mexicanus/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_000372685.2_Astyanax_mexicanus-2.0". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-01.[dead link]
  141. ↑ "Astyanax mexicanus (ID 13073) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-01.
  142. ↑ "Index of /genomes/refseq/vertebrate_other/Columba_livia/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_000337935.1_Cliv_1.0". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-01.[dead link]
  143. ↑ "Columba livia (ID 10719) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-01.
  144. ↑ "Index of /genomes/refseq/vertebrate_other/Danio_rerio/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_000002035.6_GRCz11". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.[dead link]
  145. ↑ "Danio rerio (ID 50) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  146. ↑ "Index of /genomes/refseq/vertebrate_other/Gallus_gallus/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_000002315.6_GRCg6a". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.[dead link]
  147. ↑ "Gallus gallus (ID 111) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  148. ↑ "Index of /genomes/refseq/vertebrate_other/Nothobranchius_furzeri/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_001465895.1_Nfu_20140520". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-01.[dead link]
  149. ↑ "Nothobranchius furzeri (ID 2642) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-01.
  150. ↑ "Index of /genomes/refseq/vertebrate_other/Oryzias_latipes/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_002234675.1_ASM223467v1". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-01.
  151. ↑ "Oryzias latipes (ID 542) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-01.
  152. ↑ "Index of /genomes/refseq/vertebrate_other/Petromyzon_marinus/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_010993605.1_kPetMar1.pri". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-01.
  153. ↑ "Petromyzon marinus (ID 287) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-01.
  154. ↑ "Index of /genomes/refseq/vertebrate_other/Taeniopygia_guttata/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_008822105.2_bTaeGut2.pat.W.v2". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-01.[dead link]
  155. ↑ "Taeniopygia guttata (ID 367) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-01.
  156. ↑ "Index of /genomes/refseq/vertebrate_other/Takifugu_rubripes/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_901000725.2_fTakRub1.2". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-01.
  157. ↑ "Takifugu rubripes (ID 63) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-01.
  158. ↑ "Index of /genomes/refseq/vertebrate_other/Xenopus_tropicalis/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_000004195.4_UCB_Xtro_10.0". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-01.
  159. ↑ "Xenopus tropicalis (ID 80) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-01.
  160. ↑ "Index of /genomes/refseq/vertebrate_other/Xenopus_laevis/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_001663975.1_Xenopus_laevis_v2". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.[dead link]
  161. ↑ "Xenopus laevis (ID 81) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  162. ↑ "Index of /genomes/refseq/vertebrate_mammalian/Acinonyx_jubatus/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_003709585.1_Aci_jub_2". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.[dead link]
  163. ↑ "Acinonyx jubatus (ID 14623) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  164. ↑ "Index of /genomes/refseq/vertebrate_mammalian/Ailuropoda_melanoleuca/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_002007445.1_ASM200744v2". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.[dead link]
  165. ↑ "Ailuropoda melanoleuca (ID 2702) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  166. ↑ "Index of /genomes/refseq/vertebrate_mammalian/Aotus_nancymaae/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_000952055.2_Anan_2.0". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.[dead link]
  167. ↑ "Aotus nancymaae (ID 14430) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  168. ↑ "Index of /genomes/refseq/vertebrate_mammalian/Artibeus_jamaicensis/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_014825515.1_WHU_Ajam_v2". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.[dead link]
  169. ↑ "Artibeus jamaicensis (ID 12026) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  170. ↑ "Index of /genomes/refseq/vertebrate_mammalian/Arvicanthis_niloticus/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_011762505.1_mArvNil1.pat.X". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  171. ↑ "Arvicanthis niloticus (ID 88356) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  172. ↑ "Index of /genomes/refseq/vertebrate_mammalian/Balaenoptera_acutorostrata/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_000493695.1_BalAcu1.0". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.[dead link]
  173. ↑ "Balaenoptera acutorostrata (ID 10769) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  174. ↑ "Index of /genomes/refseq/vertebrate_mammalian/Balaenoptera_musculus/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_009873245.2_mBalMus1.pri.v3". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  175. ↑ "Balaenoptera musculus (ID 7017) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  176. ↑ "Index of /genomes/refseq/vertebrate_mammalian/Bison_bison/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_000754665.1_Bison_UMD1.0". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  177. ↑ "Bison bison (ID 8907) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  178. ↑ "Index of /genomes/refseq/vertebrate_mammalian/Bos_mutus/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_000298355.1_BosGru_v2.0". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.[dead link]
  179. ↑ "Bos mutus (ID 23015) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  180. ↑ "Index of /genomes/refseq/vertebrate_mammalian/Bos_taurus/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_002263795.1_ARS-UCD1.2". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.[dead link]
  181. ↑ "Bos taurus (ID 82) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  182. ↑ "Index of /genomes/refseq/vertebrate_mammalian/Canis_lupus/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_000002285.3_CanFam3.1". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.[dead link]
  183. ↑ "Canis lupus familiaris (ID 85) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  184. ↑ "Index of /genomes/refseq/vertebrate_mammalian/Chinchilla_lanigera/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_000276665.1_ChiLan1.0". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  185. ↑ "Chinchilla lanigera (ID 10466) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  186. ↑ "Index of /genomes/refseq/vertebrate_mammalian/Felis_catus/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_000181335.3_Felis_catus_9.0". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.[dead link]
  187. ↑ "Felis catus (ID 78) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  188. ↑ "Index of /genomes/refseq/vertebrate_mammalian/Gorilla_gorilla/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_008122165.1_Kamilah_GGO_v0". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.[dead link]
  189. ↑ "Gorilla gorilla (ID 2156) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  190. ↑ "Index of /genomes/refseq/vertebrate_mammalian/Homo_sapiens/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_000001405.39_GRCh38.p13". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.[dead link]
  191. ↑ "Homo sapiens (ID 51) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  192. ↑ "Index of /genomes/refseq/vertebrate_mammalian/Macaca_mulatta/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_003339765.1_Mmul_10". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  193. ↑ "Macaca mulatta (ID 215) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  194. ↑ "Index of /genomes/refseq/vertebrate_mammalian/Mus_musculus/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_000001635.27_GRCm39". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  195. ↑ "Mus musculus (ID 52) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  196. ↑ "Index of /genomes/refseq/vertebrate_mammalian/Pan_troglodytes/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_002880755.1_Clint_PTRv2". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.[dead link]
  197. ↑ "Pan troglodytes (ID 202) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  198. ↑ "Index of /genomes/refseq/vertebrate_mammalian/Rattus_norvegicus/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_000001895.5_Rnor_6.0". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.[dead link]
  199. ↑ "Rattus norvegicus (ID 73) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  200. ↑ "Index of /genomes/refseq/vertebrate_mammalian/Sus_scrofa/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_000003025.6_Sscrofa11.1". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  201. ↑ "Sus scrofa (ID 84) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30.