The Geolkom Trial (Russian: Дело Геолкома) was a 1928–1929 fabricated trial of the alleged "counter-revolutionary organization within the Geological Committee", which, as the OGPU claimed, "sought to use the rich statistical and intelligence data available to the Geological Committee to distort the economic policy of the Soviet government in the field of mining and the mining industry and thereby contribute to the restoration of the bourgeois-capitalist system in the USSR".
The Geolkom Trial was part of the series of political cases directed against "old" specialists and scientists: the Shakhty Trial (1928), "On Sabotage in the Gold and Platinum Industry" (1929), "On Sabotage in the Oil Industry" (1929–1931), the Industrial Party Trial (1930), the Academic Trial (1930–1931), "On Sabotage and Espionage Activities of Counterrevolutionary Groups in the Geological Industry" (1930–1932).
During the trial, 32 persons were investigated, of which 16 persons were sentenced, including Ilya Ginszburg, Mikhail Dzhakson (Джаксон Михаил Николаевич), Grigory Kuzbasov, Dmitry Ortenberg, Н. И. Сафронов, Н. Н. Тихонович, М. Л. Трофимюк и А. Н. Флёров.
Much more geologists were repressed in the Soviet Union. The book Репрессированные геологи [Repressed Geologists] contains about 1,000 biographical sketches compiled from various sources.