Gynomonoecy

Gynomonoecy is defined as the presence of both female and hermaphrodite flowers on the same individual of a plant species. It is prevalent in Asteraceae but is poorly understood.

It is a monomorphic sexual system comparable with monoecy, andromonoecy and trimonoecy.

Occurrence

This sexual system occurs in about 2.8% of flowering plants. It is present in 3% of Silene species and 23 families of flowering plants, but is most common in the daisy family, Asteraceae. Of the approximately 23000 species in the Asteraceae: 480  about 200 are gynomonoecious.

Evolution

Gynomonoecy may be an intermediate evolutionary state between monoecy and hermaphroditism. It is also postulated to be the ancestor to trimonoecy.

Gynomonecy evolved once in Hawaiian Tetramolopium.

In families like Compositae or Chenopodiaceae, gynomonoecy is considered leading path to monoecy from hermaphroditism and vice versa.

References

  1. ↑ Allaby, Michael (2006), "gynomonoecious", A Dictionary of Plant Sciences, Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/acref/9780198608912.001.0001, ISBN 978-0-19-860891-2, retrieved 2021-07-15
  2. ↑ Martínez-Gómez, Pedro (2019). Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding. MDPI. p. 442. ISBN 978-3-03921-175-3.
  3. 1 2 Torices, Rubén; Méndez, Marcos; Gómez, José María (2011). "Where do monomorphic sexual systems fit in the evolution of dioecy? Insights from the largest family of angiosperms". New Phytologist. 190 (1): 234–248. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03609.x. ISSN 1469-8137. PMID 21219336.
  4. ↑ BERTIN, ROBERT I.; GWISC, GREGORY M. (2002-11-01). "Floral sex ratios and gynomonoecy in Solidago (Asteraceae)". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 77 (3): 413–422. doi:10.1046/j.1095-8312.2002.00137.x. ISSN 0024-4066.
  5. ↑ Casimiro-Soriguer, Inés; Buide, Maria L.; Narbona, Eduardo (2015-01-01). "Diversity of sexual systems within different lineages of the genus Silene". AoB Plants. 7 (plv037). doi:10.1093/aobpla/plv037. ISSN 2041-2851. PMC 4433491. PMID 25862920.
  6. ↑ Mamut, Jannathan; Tan, Dun-Yan (2014). "Gynomonoecy in angiosperms: phylogeny, sex expression and evolutionary significance". Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology. 38 (1): 76–90. doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00008.
  7. ↑ Judd, Walter S.; Campbell, Christopher S.; Kellogg, Elizabeth A.; Stevens, Peter F.; Donoghue, Michael J. (2002). Plant systematics, a phylogenetic approach (2 ed.). Sunderland MA, USA: Sinauer Associates Inc. ISBN 0-87893-403-0.
  8. ↑ Avise, John C. (2011). Hermaphroditism: A Primer on the Biology, Ecology, and Evolution of Dual Sexuality. Columbia University Press. pp. 52–53. ISBN 978-0-231-52715-6.
  9. ↑ Ainsworth, Charles (2008-04-15). Annual Plant Reviews, Flowering and its Manipulation. John Wiley & Sons. p. 14. ISBN 978-1-4051-7240-0.
  10. ↑ Stuessy, Tod F.; Ono, Mikio (2007). Evolution and Speciation of Island Plants. Cambridge University Press. p. 63. ISBN 978-0-521-04832-3.
  11. ↑ Casimiro-Soriguer, Inés; Buide, Maria L.; Narbona, Eduardo (2015). "Diversity of sexual systems within different lineages of the genus Silene". AoB Plants. 7 (plv037). doi:10.1093/aobpla/plv037. ISSN 2041-2851. PMC 4433491. PMID 25862920.