Hararghe

Location of Hararge within the Ethiopian Empire

Hararghe (Amharic: ሐረርጌ Harärge; Harari: ሀረርጌ፞ይ, هَرَرْݘٛىيْ,Harargêy, Oromo: Harargee, Somali: Xararge, حَرَرْگَِ) was a province of eastern Ethiopia with its capital in Harar.

Etymology

Hararghe is derived from the root Harari term "Gey" which refers to the modern city of Harar. The term Hararghe was used to refer solely to the modern city of Harar prior to the invasion of the Harar Emirate by the Abyssinians in 1887.

History

The region consisted mostly of the territory of the Emirate of Harar annexed by Menelik II in 1887. Including Ethiopia's part of the Ogaden, Haraghe was bounded on west by Shewa, northwest by Wollo Province, northeast by French Somaliland and on the east by Somalia. Originally however Hararghe included the Sidamo, Bale and Arsi Province until Haile Selassie split the provinces. Hararghe was the historical homeland of the Harla people and often synonymous with the region of Adal. French trader Alfred Barday states in 1885, it bordered the Awash River and was known as 'Banan Herer' (Harar plateau) in Somali.

Hararghe was altered as a result of Proclamation 1943/1, which created twelve taklai ghizats from the existing 42 provinces of varying sizes. A comparison of the two maps in Margary Perham, The Government of Ethiopia shows that Hararghe was created by combining the Sultanate of Aussa, the lands of the Karanle, Ogaden, Issa, Isaaq and Gadabursi with the 1935 provinces of Chercher and Harar.

In 1960, the province south of the Shebelle River was made into its own province, Bale. With the adoption of the new constitution in 1995, Hararghe was divided between the Oromia, Afar and Somali Regions, which was given a large part, and what remained was a tiny Harari.

Inhabitants

The presence of humans in the region dates back to at least the Middle Bronze Age, as evidenced by the discovery of a dolmen in the Chercher area of Harar by French archaeologist Père Azaïs in 1931.

As per the account of Somali historian Mohammed Nuuh Ali, speakers of Ethio-Semitic languages migrated from their original area near the northern Awash River to Hararghe around the 1st millennium BC, where they came into contact with an ancient Cushitic-speaking population.

According to Ethiopian historian Dr. Lapiso Gedelebo, the early inhabitants of the region were the Harla, and the Semitic Harari are a derivative of them.

Notable people

See also

References

  1. ↑ Metaferia, Seifu (1978). "THE EASTERN OROMO (K'OTTUS) OF ETHIOPIA AND THEIR TIME-RECKONING « SYSTEM »". Africa: Rivista Trimestrale di Studi e Documentazione dell'istituto Italiano per l'Africa e l'Oriente. 33 (4). Istituto Italiano per l'Africa e l'Oriente (IsIAO): 476. JSTOR 40759054.
  2. ↑ Gäbrä Maryam, Aläqa (1987). History of the People of Ethiopia. Centre for Multiethnic Research, Uppsala University-Faculty of Arts. p. 95. ISBN 978-91-86624-12-5.
  3. ↑ History of Harar (PDF). p. 173.
  4. ↑ Roland, Oliver. Cambridge History of Africa (PDF). Cambridge University Press. p. 149.
  5. ↑ Gebissa, Ezekiel (2004). Leaf of Allah: Khat & Agricultural Transformation in Harerge, Ethiopia 1875-1991. Ohio State University Press. p. 207. ISBN 978-0-85255-480-7.
  6. ↑ McKenna, Amy (15 January 2011). The History of Central and Eastern Africa. Britannica Educational Pub. p. 100. ISBN 978-1-61530-322-9.
  7. ↑ Fontrier, Marc (2018). Abou-Bakr Ibrahim, pasha of Zeyla, slave trader trade and diplomacy in the Gulf of Tadjoura, 1840-1885. Harmattan. p. 32. ISBN 978-2-343-15162-5.
  8. ↑ Barday, Alfred (1885). Comptes rendus des seances de la Societe de geographie et de la Commission centrale. Société de géographie (France). p. 88.
  9. ↑ Selassie, Bereket Habte (1966). "Constitutional Development in Ethiopia". Journal of African Law. 10 (2): 79. doi:10.1017/S002185530000454X. ISSN 0021-8553. JSTOR 744683. S2CID 143788971.
  10. ↑ Perham, The Government of Ethiopia, second edition (London: Faber and Faber, 1969), maps 1 and 2
  11. ↑ Henze, Paul B. (2000). Layers of Time: A History of Ethiopia. Springer. p. 238. ISBN 978-1-137-11786-1.
  12. ↑ Joussaume, Roger (2014). Mégalithisme dans le Chercher en Éthiopie. Éditions de Boccard. pp. 25–36. ISBN 978-2-7018-0354-8.
  13. ↑ Ali, Mohamed (1985). History in the Horn of Africa, 1000 B.C.-1500 A.D.: Aspects of Social and Economic Change Between the Rift Valley and the Indian Ocean. UCLA. p. 81. In the areas at the west of the Shebeelle, and east of the middle-Somali plateau, the spread of South Ethiopic language into the eastern arm of the Harar highlands can be dated to the close of the last millennium B.C. (Ehret, 1984:12). The initial settlement of the proto-South Ethiopic was at the upper Awash where they encountered Highland Eastern Cushites. Shortly after this encounter, one South Ethiopic subgroup, the Eastern Cross-Rift people, expanded to the east into the Hararge region and absorbed the local North Lowland Eastern Cushitic speaking populations that preceded them
  14. ↑ Taha, Arif. ASHURA FESTIVAL: ITS PRACTICE AND VALUE IN HARARI NATIONAL REGIONAL STATE (PDF). Haramaya University. p. 32.

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