Henson Gletscher Formation

Henson Gletscher Formation
Stratigraphic range: Cambrian
TypeFormation
Location
CountryGreenland
Type section
Named forHenson Gletscher

The Henson Gletscher Formation is a geologic formation in Greenland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cambrian period. It is named after the Henson Glacier (Greenland). It preserves numerous phosphatocopines and bradoriids, alongside priapulid larvae such as Inuitiphlaskus and pentastomids like Dietericambria.

Color key
Taxon Reclassified taxon Taxon falsely reported as present Dubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon Ootaxon Morphotaxon

Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text
crossed out taxa are discredited.

Paleobiota

Paleobiota
Genus Species Higher taxon Notes Images
Dietericambria D. hensoniensis Pentastomida The earliest pentastomid fossil known
Dietericambria reconstruction
Perissopyge P. phenax Ptychopariida Also known from various other formations
Eoagnostus E. roddyi Agnostida
Pagetides P. elegans Eodiscida
Fritzolenellus F. truemani Olenelloidea
F. truemani from Canada
Ovatoryctocara O. yaxiensis, O. granulata Oryctocephalidae
Arthricocephalus A. chauveaui Oryctocephalidae
A. chauveaui
Lancastria L. plana Oryctocephalidae
L. elongata fossil from China
Protoryctocephalus P. arcticus Oryctocephalidae
Eoptychoparia E. pearylandica Ptychopariidae
Bonnia B. brennus Dorypygidae
Neopagetina N. rjonsnitzkii Hebediscidae
Haliplanktos H. jishouensis Oryctocephalidae
Oryctocephalus O. indica Oryctocephalidae Indicator for transition between Cambrian Series 2 and 3
O. indicus fossil
Onchocephalus? O?. freucheni Ptychopariida
Bathyuriscus B. sp Dolichometopidae Also known from the Burgess Shale
Bathyuriscus specimens from elsewhere
Glossopleura G. walcotti Dolichometopidae Quite widespread across North America
G. mckeei fossil from the Bright Angel Shale
Kootenia K. nodosa Dorypygidae May be synonymous with Olenoides?
K. burgessensis fossil from the Burgess Shale
Hartshillia H. inflata Corynexochida
Olenoides O. sp Dorypygidae One of the best-known trilobites thanks to fossils from the Burgess Shale
3D reconstruction of O. serratus
Bolaspidella B. sp Ptychoparioidea
Ogygopsis O. klotzi, O. typicalis, O. batis, O. virgata Dorypygidae Very common in the Burgess Shale, but rare elsewhere
O. klotzi from the Burgess Shale
Parasolenopleura P. aculeata Solenopleuridae
Zacanthoides Z. blakeri Corynexochida
Elrathia E. sp Alokistocaridae Incredibly abundant in the Wheeler Shale
E. kingii fossil from the Wheeler Shale
Syspacephalus S. spp Ptychopariidae Known from three separate undescribed species
Eodiscus E. scanicus Eodiscidae
Costadiscus C. minutus Eodiscida
Mongolitubulus M. squamifer, M. reticulatus Arthropoda Enigmatic sclerite taxon
Navarana N. pearylandica Bradoriida Formerly assigned to Hipponicharion
Liangshanella ?L. nivalis Bradoriida
L. burgessensis fossil from the Burgess Shale
Pseudindiana P. sipa Phosphatocopida
Dabashanella D. retroswinga, D. longa, D?. lunaiformis Phosphatocopida
Dabashanella reconstruction
Comleyopsis C. qassutit Phosphatocopida Formerly classed under Liangshanella
Onychodictyon O. sp Lobopodia Known from complete fossils in the Maotianshan Shales
Restoration of Onychodictyon ferox
Microdictyon M. robisoni Lobopodia Widespread genus of lobopodian, mostly known from sclerites
M. sinicum reconstruction
Inuitiphlaskus I. kouchinskyi Priapulida A loricate (with lorica) priapulid larva
Hadimopanella H. apicata Palaeoscolecida Enigmatic sclerite taxon
Blastozoa/“Pelmatozoa” indet. Unapplicable Echinodermata Known from stem fragments and holdfasts
Tarimspira T. artemi Paraconodontida Possibly the earliest paraconodont?
Cambroctoconus C. koori Octocorallia? Only otherwise known from Asia
Tavsenicoralla T. avannaa Eumetazoa Branching “corallimorph”, may be a bryozoan?
Olivooides? O. sp Medusozoa Possibly known from very early embryonic stages
Chancelloria C. sp Chancelloriidae An enigmatic fossil known mostly from sclerites
C. pentacta from Utah
Allonnia A. tetrathallis, A. erromenosa, A. quadrocornuformis, A. rossica Chancelloriidae An enigmatic fossil known mostly from sclerites
A. pennetta life reconstruction
Thoracospongia T. lacrimiformis Amphidiscosida? Tentatively assigned to the family Stiodermatidae
Dodecaactinella D. oncera Calcarea? Also known from the Ordovician
Eiffelia E. floriformis Eiffeliidae Mainly known from the Burgess Shale
E. globosa from the Burgess Shale
Abnormisella A. inseperata Silicea Possibly the same as Speciosuspongia?
Australispongia? A?. inuak Silicea Mainly known from other formations in Greenland
Celtispongia C. dorte Silicea Possibly also known from China
Cjulanciella C. asimmetrica Silicea Species name occasionally spelled as asymmetrica
Kuonamia K. fusiformis Silicea Renamed from Disparella
Sanningasoqia S. borealis Silicea Also found in the Holm Dal Formation
Hertzina H. elongata Protoconodonta
Amphigeisina A. danica Protoconodonta
Hagionella H. cultrata Protoconodonta
Gumella G. cuneata Protoconodonta
Gapparodus G. bisulcatus Protoconodonta
Paibiconus P. proarcuatus Protoconodonta
Protowenella P. flemingi Orthothecida Previously thought to be a helcionelloid mollusc
Conotheca C. hensoni Circothecidae
Tulenicornus T. frykmani Hyolithida
Slapylites S. sp Hyolithida
Crestjahitus C. groenlandicus Hyolithida
Yuku Y. tjurtu Hyolithida
Nausakia N. thulensis Naukatida An unusual brachiopod with a hat-like lower valve
Eoobolus E. priscus Linguloidea
Acrothele A. sp Acrotheloidea
A. susidua from Utah
Linnarssonia L. ?tuberculata Acrotretida
L. sp
Tesella T. deplanata Tommotiida
Hensoniconus H. siku Helcionelloidea Previously placed in the genus Scenella
Vendrascospira V. frykmani, V. troelseni Helcionelloidea Formerly placed within Figurina
Tavseniconus T. erectus Stenothecidae Also known from Morocco
Dorispira D. accordionata, D. arguta, D. avannga, D. septentrionalis, D. tavsenensis, D. tippik, ?D. penecyrano Helcionelloidea A relatively widespread helcionelloid
Parailsanella P. sp Helcionelloidea Only known from one internal mould in Henson Gletscher
Sermeqiconus S. polaris Helcionelloidea Referred tentatively to Figurina
Mellopegma M. chelata, M. georginense, M. schizocheras Stenothecidae Known from hundreds of specimens
Erugoconus E. acuminatus Helcionelloidea Family uncertain
Eotebenna E. arctica Helcionelloidea Only known otherwise from Australia
Yochelcionella Y. greenlandica, Y. gracilis Helcionelloidea Bears an unusual “snorkel” from the back of its shell
Y. cyrano reconstruction
Nyboeconus N. robisoni Helcionelloidea Similar shells were formerly placed as enigmatic fossils
Capitoconus C. borealis Helcionelloidea
Coreospira C. sp Helcionelloidea
Stenothecoides S. elongata, S. terraglaciei Stenothecoidea Enigmatic shelled genus, maybe a brachiopod or mollusc
Stenothecella S. sibirica Stenothecoidea Enigmatic shelled genus, maybe a brachiopod or mollusc
Costipelagiella C. nevadense Pelagiellidae
Hyolithellus H. micans Hyolithelminthida
Torrelella T. sp Hyolithelminthida
Coleoloides C. typicalis Hyolithelminthida
Sphenothallus S. sp Conulariida? Enigmatic holdfast, possibly a conulariid
Sphenothallus from the Ordovician of the US
Cambrocoryne C. lagenamorpha incertae sedis Bears some similarities to foraminiferans and sclerites of Wiwaxia
Aetholicopalla A. adnata incertae sedis Resembles Archaeooides
Laugephakos L. groenlandicus incertae sedis Resembles hyolithelminthids
Hensonidendra H. hensoniensis, H. tavsenica incertae sedis Resembles bryozoans, “corallimorphs”, and epiphytaceans
Eohyella E. spp Cyanobacteria Resembles modern Hyella
Microscope image of modern Hyella caespitosa
Girvanella G. spp Oscillatoriaceae
Subtiflora S. sp Oscillatoriaceae
Epiphyton E. sp Cyanobacteria

See also

References

  1. 1 2 Peel, J.S. (31 December 2022). "A priapulid larva from the middle Cambrian (Wuliuan Stage) of North Greenland (Laurentia)". Bulletin of Geosciences: 445–452. doi:10.3140/bull.geosci.1865.
  2. 1 2 Peel, John S. (3 April 2022). "The oldest tongue worm: a stem-group pentastomid arthropod from the early middle Cambrian (Wuliuan Stage) of North Greenland (Laurentia)". GFF. 144 (2): 97–105. doi:10.1080/11035897.2022.2064543.
  3. ↑ Stein, Martin; Peel, John S. (June 2008). "Perissopyge (Trilobita) from the lower Cambrian (Series 2, Stage 4) of North America and Greenland". GFF. 130 (2): 71–78. doi:10.1080/11035890801302071.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 Peel, John S.; Streng, Michael; Geyer, Gerd; Kouchinsky, Artem; Skovsted, Christian B. (21 August 2020). "'Ovatoryctocara granulata' assemblage (Cambrian series 2-series 3 boundary) of Londal, North Greenland". Australasian Palaeontological Memoirs (49): 241–282.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Geyer, G.; Peel, J.S. (30 September 2011). "The Henson Gletscher Formation, North Greenland, and its bearing on the global Cambrian Series 2–Series 3 boundary". Bulletin of Geosciences: 465–534. doi:10.3140/bull.geosci.1252.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Babcock, L.E (1 January 1994). "Systematics and phylogenetics of polymeroid trilobites from the Henson Gletscher and Kap Stanton formations (Middle Cambrian), North Greenland". Bulletin Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse. 169: 79–127. doi:10.34194/bullggu.v169.6727.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Peel, J. (13 April 2025). "Middle Cambrian (Wuliuan Stage) Small Shelly Fossils from North Greenland (Laurentia)". Bulletin of Geosciences: 1–56. doi:10.3140/bull.geosci.1912.
  8. ↑ Skovsted, Christian B.; Peel, John S. (31 December 2001). "The problematic fossil Mongolitubulus from the Lower Cambrian of Greenland". Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark. 48: 135–147. doi:10.37570/bgsd-2001-48-07.
  9. ↑ Peel, John S. (September 2017). "Systematics and biogeography of some early Cambrian (Series 2) bradoriids (Arthropoda) from Laurentia (Greenland)". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 54 (9): 961–972. doi:10.1139/cjes-2017-0101.
  10. ↑ Streng, M; Peel, J. S. (16 August 2026). "A bradoriid arthropod from the Wuliuan (middle Cambrian) of North Greenland turns phosphatocopid". Bulletin of Geosciences. 101 (3). doi:10.3140/bull.geosci.1979.
  11. ↑ Topper, Timothy P.; Skovsted, Christian B.; Peel, John S.; Harper, David A.T. (October 2013). "Moulting in the lobopodian Onychodictyon from the lower Cambrian of Greenland". Lethaia. 46 (4): 490–495. doi:10.1111/let.12026.
  12. ↑ Peel, J.S; Larsen, N.H (31 December 1984). "Hadimopanella apicata from the Lower Cambrian of western North Greenland". Rapport Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse. 121: 89–96. doi:10.34194/rapggu.v121.7875.
  13. ↑ Clausen, Sebastien; Peel, John S. (September 2012). "Middle Cambrian echinoderm remains from the Henson Gletscher Formation of North Greenland". GFF. 134 (3): 173–200. doi:10.1080/11035897.2012.721003.
  14. ↑ Peel, John S. (3 July 2017). "The oldest pelmatozoan encrusted hardground and holdfasts from Laurentia (Cambrian Series 2–3)". GFF. 139 (3): 195–204. doi:10.1080/11035897.2017.1347196.
  15. ↑ Peel, John S. (January 2019). "Tarimspira from the Cambrian (Series 2, Stage 4) of Laurentia (Greenland): extending the skeletal record of paraconodontid vertebrates". Journal of Paleontology. 93 (1): 115–125. doi:10.1017/jpa.2018.68.
  16. ↑ Peel, John S. (September 2017). "A problematic cnidarian ( Cambroctoconus ; Octocorallia?) from the Cambrian (Series 2–3) of Laurentia". Journal of Paleontology. 91 (5): 871–882. doi:10.1017/jpa.2017.49.
  17. ↑ Peel, John S.; Willman, Sebastian (March 2022). "Cavity-dwelling microorganisms from the Ediacaran and Cambrian of North Greenland (Laurentia)". Journal of Paleontology. 96 (2): 243–255. doi:10.1017/jpa.2021.96.
  18. ↑ Peel, John S. (3 July 2017). "First records from Laurentia of some middle Cambrian (Series 3) sponge spicules". Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology. 41 (3): 306–314. doi:10.1080/03115518.2017.1282983.
  19. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Peel, John S. (3 April 2019). "Sponge spicule assemblages from the Cambrian (Series 2–3) of North Greenland (Laurentia): systematics and biogeography". GFF. 141 (2): 133–161. doi:10.1080/11035897.2019.1578261.
  20. ↑ Peel, John S. (2 October 2021). "In-place operculum demonstrates that the Middle Cambrian Protowenella is a hyolith and not a mollusc". Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology. 45 (4): 385–394. doi:10.1080/03115518.2021.2004225.
  21. ↑ Streng, Michael; Butler, Aodhán D.; Peel, John S.; Garwood, Russell J.; Caron, Jean-Bernard (March 2016). "A new family of Cambrian rhynchonelliformean brachiopods ( Order Naukatida) with an aberrant coral-like morphology". Palaeontology. 59 (2): 269–293. doi:10.1111/pala.12226.
  22. ↑ Peel, John S. (3 July 2023). "Muscle scars in Miaolingian helcionelloids from Laurentia and the diversity of muscle scar patterns in Cambrian univalve molluscs". Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology. 47 (3): 221–233. doi:10.1080/03115518.2023.2243501.
  23. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Peel, John S.; Kouchinsky, Artem (22 April 2022). "Middle Cambrian (Miaolingian Series, Wuliuan Stage) molluscs and mollusc-like microfossils from North Greenland (Laurentia)". Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark. 70: 69–104. doi:10.37570/bgsd-2022-70-06.
  24. ↑ Peel, John S. (1 July 1989). "A Lower Cambrian Eotebenna (Mollusca) from Arctic North America". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 26 (7): 1501–1503. doi:10.1139/e89-127.
  25. ↑ Atkins, Christian J.; Benthe, H. F.; Haberland, G. (20 October 2004). "New species of Yochelcionella (Mollusca: Helcionelloida) from the Lower Cambrian of North Greenland". Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark. 51: 1–9. doi:10.37570/bgsd-2004-51-01.
  26. ↑ Peel, J.S (1 January 1994). "An enigmatic cap-shaped fossil from the Middle Cambrian of North Greenland". Bulletin Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse. 169: 149–155. doi:10.34194/bullggu.v169.6729.
  27. ↑ Peel, J.S. (1 October 2021). "Ontogeny, morphology and pedicle attachment of stenothecoids from the middle Cambrian of North Greenland (Laurentia)". Bulletin of Geosciences: 381–399. doi:10.3140/bull.geosci.1839.
  28. ↑ Peel, J. S. (2023). "A phosphatised fossil Lagerstätte from the middle Cambrian (Wuliuan Stage) of North Greenland (Laurentia)". Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark. 72: 102–122. doi:10.37570/bgsd-2023-72-03. S2CID 259807172.
  29. ↑ Stockfors, Martin; Peel, John S. (September 2005). "Endolithic Cyanobacteria from the Middle Cambrian of North Greenland". GFF. 127 (3): 179–185. doi:10.1080/11035890501273179.