Likum language

Likum
Native toPapua New Guinea
Regionwesternmost Manus Island, Manus Province
Native speakers
(80 cited 2000)
Language codes
ISO 639-3lib
Glottologliku1243
ELPLikum
Likum is classified as Definitely Endangered by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger.

The Likum language is a West Manus language spoken by approximately 80 people in western Manus Island, Manus Province of Papua New Guinea. Its speakers also use Nyindrou. Likum is classified as "definitely endangered" by UNESCO's Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger. It has SVO word order.

Phonology

Consonants

Consonants
LabialAlveolarPalatalVelarGlottal
Plosive/AffricateVoiceless ptckʔ
Labialized pʷ
Voiced (b)(d)~ⁿr ⟨dr⟩j(g)
Voiced labialized (bʷ)(gʷ)
NasalPlain mnɲ
Labialized mʷ
Fricative sh
Trill r
Approximant wj ⟨y⟩
  1. 1 2 Blust describes ⟨c⟩ and ⟨j⟩ as palatal affricates, using ⟨y⟩ for /j/.
  2. ↑ Blust says the evidence for /d/ is weak and considers it a variant of ⟨dr⟩, which he describes as a prenasalized alveolar trill.

Vowels

Vowels
FrontCentralBack
Close iu
Mid eo
Open a

Pronouns

Personal pronouns in Likum have grammatical number and clusivity.

Personal pronouns
SingularDualTrialPlural
1st, incl. jeterutocetulumowto
1st, excl. eruetucetulumowetu
2nd owahetocetulumoweto
3rd iynerudrocetulumowdro

Notes

  1. 1 2 3 4 Likum at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022) Closed access icon
  2. ↑ "UNESCO Interactive Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger". Archived from the original on 17 February 2010.
  3. 1 2 Blust 2021, p. 290.
  4. 1 2 Blust 2021, p. 291.
  5. ↑ Blust 2021, p. 300.

References