Puri language

You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Portuguese. (April 2025) Click [show] for important translation instructions. View a machine-translated version of the Portuguese article. Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must follow the LLM translation guideline, revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia. Consider adding a topic to this template: there are already 606 articles in the main category, and specifying|topic= will aid in categorization. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article. You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Portuguese Wikipedia article at [[:pt:Língua puri]]; see its history for attribution. You may also add the template {{Translated|pt|Língua puri}} to the talk page. For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation.

Puri
Puri–Coroado
Kwaytikindo
Native to	Brazil
Ethnicity	Puri people
Extinct	after 1885
Revival	unknown L2 speakers
Language family	Language isolate
Dialects	Puri proper Coroado †
Writing system	Latin
Language codes
ISO 639-3	prr
Glottolog	puri1262
Linguasphere	89-IAA-aa
Map of Purian and Macro-Jê languages

Puri (Puri: Kwaytikindo 'language') is an extinct language currently being revived of eastern Brazil, spoken by the Puri people. It ceased being spoken sometime in the 19th century, but the Puri people have reconstructed the language, and a number of second-language speakers exist, according to the Ethnologue. It can be considered a language isolate, with the related Coroado language seen as a dialect.

Geographical distribution

Puri was spoken in a continuous region stretching from the Preto River to the Paraíba River (from Queluz, São Paulo to Paraibuna, São Paulo). The Puri occupied the Upper Paraíba do Sul River up to Queluz, São Paulo, and the Coroado from the Pomba River to the Doce River in Minas Gerais.

Classification

Puri and Coroado (sometimes collectively called Purian) may be related to Waitaká, which is unattested. Previously, the Koropó language, once spoken in Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro, was seen as Purian by Loukotka (1935), but it has been proven to be part of the Maxakalían languages instead by Ramirez et al. (2015).

Purian was initially part of the Macro-Jê proposal. However, when Coropó is removed, there are not sufficient lexical connections to maintain this classification.

The Waitaká and Maromomin languages, both extinct, are possibly belonging to the Purian family, but this is not confirmable as no linguistic information was recorded.

History

In the 2010s, a Puri language revitalization project was launched in the indigenous village of Maraká’nà (Maracanã), Rio de Janeiro State. In 2021, a primer was published.

Syntax

Vocabulary

References

Bibliography

• Campbell, Lyle. (1997). American Indian languages: The historical linguistics of Native America. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-509427-1.
• Kaufman, Terrence. (1994). The native languages of South America. In C. Mosley & R. E. Asher (Eds.), Atlas of the world's languages (pp. 46–76). London: Routledge.

External links

Wiktionary has a list of reconstructed forms at Appendix:Proto-Puri reconstructions

• PROEL: Familia Purían