Kamakã language

Kamakã
Ezeshio
Native toBrazil
RegionBahia
EthnicityKamakã people [pt]
Extinctby 1950s
Dialects
Language codes
ISO 639-3vkm
Glottologkama1372
Linguasphere89-GAA-aa

The Kamakã language (Kamakan), or Ezeshio, is an extinct language of a small family, belonging to the Macro-Jê languages of Brazil. Kotoxó and Mongoyó/Mangaló are sometimes included as dialects.

Classification

Kamakã is a Macro-Jê language. It was spoken by several groups of indigenous peoples who lived in Bahia, including the Kamakã, Mongoyó, Menién, Kotoxó and Masakará.

History

The Kamakã people [pt] are now completely integrated into the Pataxó-hã-hã-hãe people.

Phonology

Grahl (2009) proposes the following phonology for Kamakã. Nikulin (2020) believes that he "does not exercise due caution", thereby "incurring evident errors".

Vowels
Oral Nasal
Front Central Back Front Central Back
High i ɨ u ĩ (ɨ̃) (ũ)
Mid e ə o (ẽ) (õ)
Low ɛ a ɔ ã
Consonants
Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Stop p t tʃ k
Fricative f s ʃ x h
Nasal m n ɲ
Flap ɾ
Glide j w

References

  1. 1 2 Nikulin, Andrey. 2020. Proto-Macro-Jê: um estudo reconstrutivo. Doctoral dissertation, University of Brasília.
  2. ↑ Ribeiro, Eduardo Rivail (October 2010). "Nimuendajú was right: The inclusion of the jabutí language family in the Macro-Jê stock". International Journal of American Linguistics. 76 (4): 547. doi:10.1086/658056. hdl:2066/86080. ISSN 0020-7071.
  3. ↑ Nelson, Jessica F. (2018). Pataxó Hãhãhãe: Race, Indigeneity and Language Revitalization in the Brazilian Northeast (PDF). University of Arizona.
  4. ↑ Grahl, João A. P. (2009). Kamakã em Prolog: Possibilidades de análise de uma língua de tradição oral morta (PDF) (Master's thesis). Universidade Federal do Paraná.