Xakriabá language

Xakriabá
Krẽká
Native toBrazil
RegionMinas Gerais
EthnicityXakriabá people
Language codes
ISO 639-3xkr
Glottologxakr1238
ELPXakriabá
Xakriabá is classified as Extinct by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger.

Xakriabá (also called Chakriaba, Chikriaba, Shacriaba or Shicriabá) is a dormant Akuwẽ (Central Jê) language (Jê, Macro-Jê) formerly spoken in Minas Gerais, Brazil by the Xakriabá people, who today speak Portuguese. The language is known through two short wordlists collected by Augustin Saint-Hilaire and Wilhelm Ludwig von Eschwege.: 14 

History

Before 1712, Xakriabá was originally spoken along the São Francisco River near São Romão, Minas Gerais (Saint-Hilaire 2000: 340–341). The Xakriabá were then forced to migrate after being defeated by Matias Cardoso de Almeida [pt] and other Paulistas from 1690 onwards. In 1819, Saint-Hilaire (1975: 145) noted that the Xakriabá of Triângulo Mineiro region spoke a Xerente dialect. It was reported that Dejanira Xakriabá, who died in 2007, knew the original language of the Xakriabá. Presently, only a few elders remember some phrases in Xakriabá.

Phonology

Vowels

Front Central Back
Close i ĩ ɨ u ũ
Mid e ẽ ə o õ
Open-mid ɛ ɔ
Open a ã

Consonants

Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Stop voiceless p t k
voiced b d
Fricative voiceless s (ʃ) h
voiced z (ʒ)
Nasal m n
Tap ɾ
Approximant w (j)

References

  1. ↑ "Shakriabá". LINGUIST List. Archived from the original on 5 June 2019. Retrieved 7 November 2024.
  2. ↑ Christopher Moseley (2007). Encyclopedia Of The World's Endangered Languages. London, UK: Routledge. p. 182. ISBN 9780700711970.
  3. ↑ Nikulin, Andrey (2020). Proto-Macro-Jê: um estudo reconstrutivo (PDF) (Ph.D. dissertation). Brasília: Universidade de Brasília.
  4. 1 2 Ramirez, H., Vegini, V., & França, M. C. V. de. (2015). Koropó, puri, kamakã e outras línguas do Leste Brasileiro. LIAMES: Línguas Indígenas Americanas, 15(2), 223 - 277. doi:10.20396/liames.v15i2.8642302
  5. ↑ Saint-Hilaire, Auguste de. 2000. Viagem pelas províncias do Rio de Janeiro e Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte: Editora Itatiaia.
  6. ↑ Saint-Hilaire, Auguste de. 1975. Viagem à província de Goiás. Belo Horizonte: Editora Itatiaia.
  7. ↑ Rodrigues, Ana Paula Santos; Silva, Manoel Antônio de Oliveira (2024-03-29). "Os cantos Xakriabá e a retomada da língua akwe᷉". Cadernos de Linguística. 5 (1): e691. doi:10.25189/2675-4916.2024.v5.n1.id691. ISSN 2675-4916.
  8. 1 2 Rodrigues Mota, Liliane (2020). Estudo Sobre o Léxico Akwe Xakriabá: Uma Proposta de Escrita e Uma Chamada para a Revitalização da Língua (PDF). Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais.