Pecheneg language

Pecheneg
Pecheneg
Patzinak
Native to	Pecheneg khanates
Region	Central Europe, Eastern Europe, Southeast Europe and Central Asia
Ethnicity	Pechenegs
Era	7th-12th century
Language family	Turkic Common Turkic (classification disputed) Pecheneg; ; ;
Language codes
ISO 639-3	xpc
Glottolog	pech1242

Pecheneg is an extinct Turkic language spoken by the Pechenegs in Eastern Europe (parts of Southern Ukraine, Southern Russia, Moldova, Romania and Hungary) in the 7th–12th centuries. However, names in this language (Beke, Wochun, Lechk, etc.) are reported from Hatvan until 1290.

Classification

Due to poor documentation and the absence of any descendant languages, linguists have been prevented from making an accurate classification. It is placed as unclassified in the Kipchak language family in Glottolog and in the Kipchak–Cuman language family in Linguist List.

Byzantine princess Anna Komnene asserts that the Pechenegs and Cumans spoke the same language, while Mahmud al-Kashgari considered their language to be a corrupted form of Turkic. Most contemporary researchers conclude that they spoke a Common Turkic language.

References

1 2 "Pecheneg". LINGUIST List. Retrieved 5 June 2024. 7th - 12th centuries AD.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
↑ Ayse Dietrich. "THE PECHENEGS – SCRIPT" (PDF). Retrieved 21 February 2025. A few Runic inscriptions have been found from Central Asia across to the Balkans indicating that the Pecenegs inhabited these areas at different times.
↑ Wenzel, Gusztáv (1860). "Codex diplomaticus Arpadianus continuatus =: Árpádkori új okmánytár" (in Latin). Harvard University: Eggenberger Ferdinánd Akademiai. p. 108.
↑ Howorth, Henry Hoyle (1880). History of the Mongols. Burt Franklin. ISBN 9780343146429. Retrieved 15 May 2016. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
↑ Paroń, Aleksander (2021). The Pechenegs : nomads in the political and cultural landscape of Medieval Europe. Thomas Anessi. Leiden. ISBN 978-90-04-44109-5. OCLC 1245959323.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

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[Multitree-1] 1 2 "Pecheneg". LINGUIST List. Retrieved 5 June 2024. 7th - 12th centuries AD.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)

[2] Ayse Dietrich. "THE PECHENEGS – SCRIPT" (PDF). Retrieved 21 February 2025. A few Runic inscriptions have been found from Central Asia across to the Balkans indicating that the Pecenegs inhabited these areas at different times.

[3] Wenzel, Gusztáv (1860). "Codex diplomaticus Arpadianus continuatus =: Árpádkori új okmánytár" (in Latin). Harvard University: Eggenberger Ferdinánd Akademiai. p. 108.

[4] Howorth, Henry Hoyle (1880). History of the Mongols. Burt Franklin. ISBN 9780343146429. Retrieved 15 May 2016. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)

[5] Paroń, Aleksander (2021). The Pechenegs : nomads in the political and cultural landscape of Medieval Europe. Thomas Anessi. Leiden. ISBN 978-90-04-44109-5. OCLC 1245959323.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)