Thistle mistletoe formula

The thistle mistletoe formula is a pagan Norse Runic formula, involving several rhyming words ending in -istill (typically at least þistill and mistill; thistle and mistletoe). The formula is attested in around 15 variants from the Viking Age.

Attestations

Ledberg stone (Ög 181)

The Swedish Ledberg stone from Östergötland contains the formula. Following a standard memorial inscription, we read

ᚦᛘᚴ

þmk

᛬

:

ᛁᛁᛁ

iii

᛬

:

ᛋᛋᛋ

sss

᛬

:

ᛏᛏᛏ

ttt

᛬

:

ᛁᛁᛁ

iii

᛬

:

ᛚᛚᛚ

lll

᛬

:

When resolved becomes, in normalized Old Icelandic spelling:

þistill,

thistle,

mistill,

mistletoe,

kistill

casket

Gørlev stone (DR 239)

Likewise, the Danish Gørlev stone contains the exact same formula, along with a younger futhark rune-row.

Saga of Bósi

The formula reaches its climax in a riddle in the legendary Icelandic Saga of Bósi and Herraud, where it reads (from manuscript AM. 586 4:0, transliterated into the Latin alphabet):

r.o.þ.k.m.u. iiiiii. ssssss. tttttt. iiiiii. llllll

Resolved and normalized, we get:

ristill,

plowshare,

eistill,

testicle,

þistill,

thistle,

kistill,

box/casket,

mistill,

mistletoe,

vistill

?

The meaning of the final word, uistil (vistill), is unclear.

References

1 2 MacLeod, Mindy; Mees, Bernard (2006). Runic Amulets and Magic Objects. Boydell Press. pp. 145–148. ISBN 1-84383-205-4.
1 2 Schulte, Michael (2020). ""Tistel-mistel"-formelen i vikingtid og nordisk middelalder: Form, funksjon og symbolverdi". Maal og Minne (in Norwegian Bokmål). 112 (2): 30–30. ISSN 1890-5455. Retrieved 2021-12-17.
↑ Thompson, Claiborne W. (1978). "THE RUNES IN "BÓSA SAGA OK HERRAUĐS"". Scandinavian Studies. 50 (1): 53. ISSN 0036-5637.
↑ Straubhaar, Sandra Ballif (2011). Old Norse Women's Poetry: The Voices of Female Skalds. Boydell & Brewer. p. 95. JSTOR 10.7722/j.ctt81tbg.

[MacLeod-1] 1 2 MacLeod, Mindy; Mees, Bernard (2006). Runic Amulets and Magic Objects. Boydell Press. pp. 145–148. ISBN 1-84383-205-4.

[Schulte-2] 1 2 Schulte, Michael (2020). ""Tistel-mistel"-formelen i vikingtid og nordisk middelalder: Form, funksjon og symbolverdi". Maal og Minne (in Norwegian Bokmål). 112 (2): 30–30. ISSN 1890-5455. Retrieved 2021-12-17.

[3] Thompson, Claiborne W. (1978). "THE RUNES IN "BÓSA SAGA OK HERRAUĐS"". Scandinavian Studies. 50 (1): 53. ISSN 0036-5637.

[4] Straubhaar, Sandra Ballif (2011). Old Norse Women's Poetry: The Voices of Female Skalds. Boydell & Brewer. p. 95. JSTOR 10.7722/j.ctt81tbg.