Kaishana language

Cawishana
Kaixana
noláhyna
Native toBrazil
Native speakers
1 (2012)
Arawakan
Language codes
ISO 639-3None (mis)
Glottologkais1242
ELPKaixana
Linguasphere82-AFF-ca

Kawishana (Cawishana, Kayuwishana, Kaishana: noláhyna) is a nearly extinct Arawakan language of Brazil. A few speakers were reported in the 1950s, and today, as of 2012, only one person can speak it. It has an active–stative syntax.

Classification

Aikhenvald (1999) classifies it as a Middle Rio Negro, North Amazonian language, along with Bahuana and Manao.

Kaufman (1994) had placed it in a branch of Western Nawiki Upper Amazonian along with two long-extinct languages, Jumana (Yumana) and Pasé, which Aikhenvald leaves unclassified.

References

  1. ↑ Crevels, Mily (2012-01-13), "Language endangerment in South America: The clock is ticking", in Campbell, Lyle; Grondona, Verónica (eds.), The Indigenous Languages of South America, DE GRUYTER, pp. 167–234, doi:10.1515/9783110258035.167, ISBN 978-3-11-025513-3, retrieved 2025-02-01
  2. 1 2 Hanke, Wanda (1960). "Die Sprache der Kaišana am Lago Maparí". Zeitschrift für Ethnologie. 85 (1): 54–81. ISSN 0044-2666.
  3. ↑ Ramirez, Henri (2001). Línguas Arawak da Amazônia Setentrional (PDF). Manaus: EDUA.
  4. 1 2 Dixon, Robert M. W.; Aĭkhenvalʹd, A. I︠U︡, eds. (1999). The Amazonian languages (PDF). Cambridge language surveys. Cambridge, UK ; New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-57021-3.
  5. ↑ Moseley, Christopher; Asher, R. E.; Tait, Mary (1994), Atlas of the world's languages, London ; New York: Routledge, ISBN 978-0-415-01925-5