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| Arutane–Sape | |
|---|---|
| Kalianan | |
| (defunct?) | |
| Geographic distribution | Brazil–Venezuela border |
| Linguistic classification | Proposed language family |
| Subdivisions | |
| Language codes | |
| Glottolog | None |
Documented location of Arutani–Sapé languages. The two most southern spots are Arutani villages; the northern one is Sapé location. | |
Arutani–Sape, also known as Awake–Kaliana or Kalianan, is a proposed language family that includes two of the most poorly documented languages in South America, both of which are now moribund or extinct. They are at best only distantly related. Kaufman (1990) found a connection convincing, but Migliazza & Campbell (1988) maintained that there is no evidence for linking them. The two languages are,
Kaufman (1990) states that a further connection with Máku (Maku of Roraima/Auari) is "promising". (See Macro-Puinavean languages.)
Migliazza (1978) gives the following Swadesh list table for Uruak, Sape, and Máku ("Maku"):
| no. | gloss | Uruak | Sape | Máku |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | I | maykate/ma-/tsa- | mɨ | teːne |
| 2 | thou | kaykate/ka- | kapɨ | eːne |
| 3 | we | materya | mɨyono | teːkene |
| 4 | this | kiʔa | tɨsa | ki |
| 5 | that | ayta | tɨsami | kwa |
| 6 | who | maʔayokə | pante | toči |
| 7 | what | maya | pemente | čini |
| 8 | not | ãʔãy | atsam/ɨka | laʔa |
| 9 | all | kitate | kawen | peʔtaka |
| 10 | many | kaʔtyaw | kawen | eːsuʔu |
| 11 | one | kyoana/kyano | koka | nokuðamu |
| 12 | two | komana | kɨrya | baʔta |
| 13 | big | kwaya | konən | bote |
| 14 | long | šawi | karya | kaxi |
| 15 | small | sikipi | to | kudi |
| 16 | woman | kari | kapay | neːlabə |
| 17 | man | maʔkya | kwa | laːsəba |
| 18 | person | kina | kamon | dzoʔkude |
| 19 | fish | kotom | pə | meʔkəsa |
| 20 | bird | yopsa | čam | iːduba |
| 21 | dog | toari | to | dzoʔwi |
| 22 | louse | koʔka | čo | iːne |
| 23 | tree | šapi | tapa | oːba |
| 24 | seed | kuka | ku | küːte |
| 25 | leaf | aña | muyra | deːmu |
| 26 | root | aša | tu | leːmekeči |
| 27 | bark | kõhã | kui/kuy | čiːmu |
| 28 | skin | kõhã | kuy | čːmu |
| 29 | flesh | mitsa | mɨan | muči |
| 30 | blood | kaña | tsom | leːme |
| 31 | bone | mo | wina | aːmu |
| 32 | grease | wiñaya | kun | eːkünü |
| 33 | egg | kokama | kupi | küʔte |
| 34 | horn | širipya | wina | eːkatso |
| 35 | tail | mašya | upi | neːto |
| 36 | feather | oša | ičam upa | kuːte |
| 37 | hair | oša | pa | kuːte |
| 38 | head | kwate | moynaku | keːte |
| 39 | ear | watika | awi | čikaʔte |
| 40 | eye | kohap | amku | sukute |
| 41 | nose | wa/kwa | ayku | pi |
| 42 | mouth | maʔa | itu | wɨːči |
| 43 | tooth | ka | pɨka | wuːmu |
| 44 | tongue | takõhã | matu | duːte |
| 45 | claw | šopti | ičam aypa | sukuči |
| 46 | foot | šate | ikora | basuku |
| 47 | knee | korokopsa | mɨney | basəkate |
| 48 | hand | maša/mama | piča apa | suku |
| 49 | belly | tsya | tukuy | sɨkɨči |
| 50 | neck | šoropaña | pokoy | lipite |
| 51 | breasts | kotsa | wi | čüčü |
| 52 | heart | kirakote | pokowi | səbuku |
| 53 | liver | ika | mapi | iːsa |
| 54 | drink | oyta/ayta | pe | mi |
| 55 | eat | pa/kapa | ko/ku | ki |
| 56 | bite | psa/pasa | pu | bü |
| 57 | see | kina | mow | ku |
| 58 | hear | ko | man | ne |
| 59 | know | kina | mow | nimi |
| 60 | sleep | anə | paku/ku | we |
| 61 | die | atay | siya | kinə |
| 62 | kill | rio (beat) | kaya | šipinu |
| 63 | swim | ša | pə | lawa |
| 64 | fly | šan | karu | nü |
| 65 | walk | ma | paru | te |
| 66 | come | mana | ma | na |
| 67 | lie down | kio/taa | pɨre | ða |
| 68 | sit | naka | maye | sɨkɨ |
| 69 | stand | kara | pa | kəy |
| 70 | give | matso | emeyma | se |
| 71 | say | mataka/tsama | mo | šini/šibu |
| 72 | sun | uši | ñam | keʔle |
| 73 | moon | aʔtap | tapo | ya |
| 74 | star | okihat | ñayino | ðaoku |
| 75 | water | akohã | nam | naʔme |
| 76 | rain | akohã | nam posoe | naʔme |
| 77 | stone | muka | takuypa | liːne |
| 78 | sand | iñãkosa | inoku | lunükü |
| 79 | earth | iñã | inokučin | boʔte |
| 80 | cloud | karapaso | usəyna | sapənawi |
| 81 | smoke | šana | yui | čipe |
| 82 | fire | ani | šoko | nühẽ |
| 83 | ash | šoni | tukutu | meːte |
| 84 | burn | asipa | šoko | we/niʔ |
| 85 | path | aʔma | mu | iːkilu |
| 86 | mountain | piʔa | takwa | wiːke |
| 87 | red | araʔwi | ayña | leme |
| 88 | green | atehe | šanurua | nüčü |
| 89 | yellow | pišio | pusia | kaləmadə |
| 90 | white | araway | sae | kaləmate |
| 91 | black | sipan/soson | tsaiña | kabi/weʔči |
| 92 | night | tose | useyna | iːkisu |
| 93 | hot | kuri | ɨrɨa | we |
| 94 | cold | roma/kima | unkoya | antsu/mihu |
| 95 | full | topi | ukwa | suku |
| 96 | new | koma | yenkoña | asi |
| 97 | good | taseri | amayñakoa | kuduma/eːdi |
| 98 | round | siari | način | kuməsa |
| 99 | dry | šona | patokwa | kaːte |
| 100 | name | rawi | marua | entse |