Mughal Kashmir

Sarkar of Kashmir
Subah of Kashmir
Sarkar of Kashmir; Subah of Kashmir;
1586–1752
	Alam flag of the Mughal Empire
	Elaborately illustrated map of the Kashmir Subah of the Mughal Empire, commissioned by Jean Baptiste Joseph Gentil, ca.1770
Status	Sarkar of the Kabul Subah of Mughal Empire–(1586–1648); ; Subah of the Mughal Empire–(1648–1752);
Capital	Srinagar
Common languages	Persian (official); Kashmiri (official); Arabic (religious); Hindustani (lingua franca);
Religion	Sunni Islam (official); Shia Islam; Hinduism and other Indian religions;
Demonym	Kashmiri;
Government	Dependent later self governing viceroyalty under Mughal Empire Faujdari with a divisional government under Kabul authority (1586–1648)[citation needed]; Subahdari with a provincial government (1648–1752)[citation needed];
Faujdar/Subahdar
• 1586–1588	Qasim Khan
• 1611–1616	Ahmed Beg Khan
• 1638–1646; 1652–1657	Ali Mardan Khan
• 1671–1675	Iftikhar Khan
• 1721–1723	Abd al-Samad Khan
• 1751–1752	Quli Khan
Legislature	Mughal Darbar
Historical era	Early modern period
• Battle of Hastivanj	10 October 1586
• Annexed by Durrani Empire	1752
Area
• 1601	11,229 sq mi (29,080 km2)
Currency	Gold Mohur; Silver Rupiya; Copper Dam;
Preceded by	Succeeded by
	Kashmir Sultanate
Durrani Empire
Today part of	India; Pakistan;

The Sarkar of Kashmir (Persian: سرکار کشمیر), later the Subah of Kashmir (Persian: صوبہ کشمیر), was a province of the Mughal Empire encompassing the Kashmir region, now divided between Pakistan (Muzaffarabad division) and India (Kashmir division). It was separated from the Kabul Subah and was made into an imperial province under administrative reforms carried out by emperor Shah Jahan in 1648.^{[citation needed]} The province ceased to exist when Durrani forces, under Ahmed Shah Abdali, entered Kashmir in 1752 and captured Quli Khan, the last Mughal Subahdar.

Geography

The Kashmir Subah was bordered on the north by the Maqpon Kingdom of Baltistan, to the east by the Namgyal Kingdom of Ladakh, to the west by the Kabul Subah, the south by Lahore Subah, and to the south east by the semi autonomous hill states of Jammu.

List of governors

Qasim Khan (1586–1587)
Mirza Yusuf Khan Rizvi (1587–1593)
Asaf Khan (1593–1599)
Khan Qulich Kulbah Khan (r. 1606–1609)
Ahmad Beg Khan (r. 1611–1618)
Zaffar Khan (r. 1633–1640)
Ali Mardan Khan (r. 1642, 1650–1657)
Itimad Khan (1659–1662)
Ibrahim Khan (1662–1664)
Islam Khan (1664–1665)
Saif Khan (r. 1664–1667)
Mubarez Khan (r. 1667–1668)
Saif Khan (1669–1672)
Iftikhar Khan (r. 1671–1675)
Qawamuddin Khan (1675–1678)
Ibrahim Khan (1678–1685)
Hifzullah Khan (r. 1686–1690)
Muzafer Khan (r. 1690–1692)
Fazal Khan (r. 1698–1701)
Ibrahim Khan (r. 1701–1706)
Inayatullah Kashmiri (r. 1712–unknown)
Mir Ahmad Khan (r. unknown–1720)
Abdul Samad (r. 1720–1723)
Fakar-ud-Daula
Ati Ullah Khan (r. 1739–1741)
Quli Khan (r. unknown–1752)

References

↑ Habib, Irfan (1986). "Table I: Area and ʽJama of the Mughal Empire, c. 1601". An Atlas of the Mughal Empire: Political and Economic Maps with Detained Notes, Bibliography and Index. Oxford University Press. pp. xii–xiii. ISBN 978-0-19-560379-8.
↑ Saran, Parmatma (1941). The Provincial Government of the Mughals, 1526–1658. Kitabistan.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Parmu, R. K. (1969). "Kashmir Under the Mughals". A History of Muslim Rule in Kashmir, 1320–1819. Delhi: People's Publishing House. pp. 281–347. OCLC 1129473831.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Bakshi, S. R. (1997). Kashmir: History and People. Kashmir Through Ages. Vol. 1. Sarup & Sons. pp. 126–133. ISBN 978-81-85431-96-3. OCLC 40452761. OL 13177434M.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
↑ Singh, Trilochan (1967). "XXII". Guru Tegh Bahadur, Prophet and Martyr: A Biography. Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee. pp. 293–300.
↑ Sufi, G. M. D. (1974). Kashīr, Being a History of Kashmir from the Earliest Times to Our Own. Light & Life Publishers. pp. 55, 278: The Raja of Jammu broke out into open revolt, and was reduced to submission by Hifzullah Khan who had succeeded Ibrahim Khan in 1686 [...] 1690: Hifzullah Khan hands over charge to Muzaffar Khan as Subadar of Kashmir.

[1] Habib, Irfan (1986). "Table I: Area and ʽJama of the Mughal Empire, c. 1601". An Atlas of the Mughal Empire: Political and Economic Maps with Detained Notes, Bibliography and Index. Oxford University Press. pp. xii–xiii. ISBN 978-0-19-560379-8.

[2] Saran, Parmatma (1941). The Provincial Government of the Mughals, 1526–1658. Kitabistan.

[Parmu-3] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Parmu, R. K. (1969). "Kashmir Under the Mughals". A History of Muslim Rule in Kashmir, 1320–1819. Delhi: People's Publishing House. pp. 281–347. OCLC 1129473831.

[:0-4] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Bakshi, S. R. (1997). Kashmir: History and People. Kashmir Through Ages. Vol. 1. Sarup & Sons. pp. 126–133. ISBN 978-81-85431-96-3. OCLC 40452761. OL 13177434M.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[:22-5] Singh, Trilochan (1967). "XXII". Guru Tegh Bahadur, Prophet and Martyr: A Biography. Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee. pp. 293–300.

[Sufi-6] Sufi, G. M. D. (1974). Kashīr, Being a History of Kashmir from the Earliest Times to Our Own. Light & Life Publishers. pp. 55, 278: The Raja of Jammu broke out into open revolt, and was reduced to submission by Hifzullah Khan who had succeeded Ibrahim Khan in 1686 [...] 1690: Hifzullah Khan hands over charge to Muzaffar Khan as Subadar of Kashmir.