Chiang Khaeng

Chiang Khaeng
State of the Shan States
15th century–1896
Chiang Khaeng (brown) in 1892
Capital
  • Chiang Khaeng (1400s‍–‍1858)
  • Muang Yu (1858‍–‍1885)
  • Muang Sing (1885‍–‍1896)
History 
• Foundation of the state
15th century
• Division of the state
1896
Succeeded by
Kengtung State
Muang Sing

Chiang Khaeng (Shan: ၵဵင်းၸဵင်; Thai: เชียงแขง), also known as Kengcheng or Kyaingchaing, was a Tai Lue state located on the border between modern-day Myanmar and Laos. In 1896, Chiang Khaeng was partitioned between the French and British colonial powers, its territory west of the Mekong river was incorporated into the neighbouring state of Kengtung under British Burma, while its territory east of the Mekong went to French Indochina.

History

According to tradition, Chiang Khaeng was founded by Chao Fa Dek Noi, a young prince of Chiang Hung who had been exiled with a group of followers. Although there is no reliable data on the exact date of its founding, it most likely occurred in the 15th century. Chiang Khaeng initially had a close tributary relationship towards Chiang Hung, though by the beginning of the 16th century it had become a vassal state of Lan Na. Chiang Khaeng, like many of its neighbours, was conquered by King Bayinnaung in 1558 and made into a vassal state of Burma.

The original capital of Chiang Khaeng was located on the eastern bank of the Mekong river near its confluence with the Luai river. In 1858, the old capital of Chiang Khaeng was abandoned and transferred to Muang Yu. In 1885, the capital was moved again to Muang Sing.

Chiang Khaeng remained a tributary state of the kingdoms of Burma until 1887, when the Shan states submitted to British rule after the fall of the Konbaung dynasty.

In 1896, Chiang Khaeng was divided between British Burma and French Indochina with the Mekong as a border. The districts of the Cis-Mekong part of the state were merged with Kengtung State and the eastern districts, now the Muang Sing area, went first to Siam and then to the French. The limit between Kengtung and China was demarcated by an Anglo-Chinese commission in 1898–1899.

Sir George Scott mentioned the following about the Keng Cheng Myosa:

This was the unfortunate man who was told that he belonged to Siam and then that he didn't. Half his territory finally handed over to France.

Rulers

The rulers of Chiang Khaeng had the title Ngwegunhmu and by c. 1880, it changed to Myoza.

References

Notes

Citations

  1. ↑ Scott, James George; Hardiman, John Percy (1901). Gazetteer of Upper Burma and the Shan States. Vol. 3. AMS Press. ISBN 978-0-404-16860-5. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
  2. 1 2 Grabowsky, Volker (1999). "Introduction to the History of Müang Sing (Laos) prior to French Rule: The Fate of a Lü Principality". Bulletin de l'École française d'Extrême-Orient. 86: 233–291. ISSN 0336-1519.
  3. ↑ Grabowsky, Volker (2003). "Chiang Khaeng 1893-1896: A Lue Principality in the Upper Mekong Valley at the Centre of Franco-British Rivalry". In Goscha, Christopher E.; Ivarsson, Søren (eds.). Contesting Visions of the Lao Past: Lao Historiography at the Crossroads. NIAS Press. pp. 37–70. ISBN 978-87-91114-02-1.
  4. ↑ Simms, Sanda (2013-10-11). The Kingdoms of Laos. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-86330-1.
  5. ↑ "Edward Vaughan Hyde Kenealy". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2020-05-31.
  6. ↑ Scott, James George, Sir. 1934. Scott Collection: Views in Keng Tung and the Wild Wa Country.
  7. ↑ "Shan and Karenni States". World Statesmen.org. Retrieved 2020-05-31.

21°21′N 100°52′E / 21.350°N 100.867°E / 21.350; 100.867