Kepler-725

Kepler-725
Observation data
Epoch J2000      Equinox ICRS
Constellation Lyra
Right ascension 18h 55m 54.59951s
Declination +44° 48′ 41.5433″
Apparent magnitude (V) 15.23
Characteristics
Evolutionary stage main sequence
Spectral type G9V
Apparent magnitude (J) 13.685±0.027
Apparent magnitude (H) 13.283±0.026
Apparent magnitude (K) 13.222±0.038
Astrometry
Proper motion (μ) RA: −0.500 mas/yr
Dec.: +4.995 mas/yr
Parallax (π)1.2912±0.0233 mas
Distance2,530 ± 50 ly
(770 ± 10 pc)
Details
Mass0.95±0.01 M☉
Radius0.88+0.05
−0.03 R☉
Surface gravity (log g)4.53±0.06 cgs
Temperature5,395±64 K
Metallicity [Fe/H]0.12±0.04 dex
Rotation17.459±0.022 d
Age1.60±0.04 Gyr
Other designations
Kepler-725, KOI-918, KIC 8672910, 2MASS J18555459+4448416
Database references
SIMBADdata
Exoplanet Archivedata

Kepler-725 is a Sun-like star located about 2,526 light-years (774 parsecs) away in the constellation of Lyra. At an apparent magnitude of 15.1, it is too faint to be seen with the naked eye. It has a spectral type of G9V, which classifies it as a yellow dwarf star.

Planetary system

Kepler-725 has two confirmed planets. The transiting planet Kepler-725 b was discovered in 2016 and is a gas giant with orbital period of 40 days. The non-transiting planet Kepler-725 c was found in 2025 via the transit-timing variation (TTV) method and has a mass of about 10 times Earth mass. This planet receives an average insolation 1.4 times that of Earth, varying depending on its position in its eccentric orbit. It is the first super-Earth partially in the habitable zone to be discovered via the TTV method, and the only known super-Earth in the habitable zone of a Sun-like star with a measured mass (that is not a minimum mass).

Another planetary candidate with a period of 5.7 days, designated KOI-918.02, is a false positive.

The Kepler-725 planetary system
Companion
(in order from star)		 Mass Semimajor axis
(AU)		 Orbital period
(days)		 Eccentricity Inclination
(°)		 Radius
b — 0.2238±0.0008 39.643151(59) 0.231+0.050
−0.044		 89.8±0.1 10.8±0.6 R🜨
c 9.7+3.3
−2.3 M🜨		 0.6744±0.0023 207.541+0.348
−0.248		 0.436±0.017 — —

Notes

  1. ↑ The mass of planet b is not known, but the model used here assumes it has the mass of Jupiter.

References

  1. 1 2 Roman, Nancy G. (1987). "Identification of a constellation from a position". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 99 (617): 695. Bibcode:1987PASP...99..695R. doi:10.1086/132034. Constellation record for this object at VizieR.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Vallenari, A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2023). "Gaia Data Release 3. Summary of the content and survey properties". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 674: A1. arXiv:2208.00211. Bibcode:2023A&A...674A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243940. S2CID 244398875. Gaia DR3 record for this source at VizieR.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 "Kepler-725". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 7 June 2025.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Sun, L.; Gu, S.; Wang, X.; Schmitt, J. H. M. M.; Ioannidis, P.; Kouwenhoven, M. B. N.; Dou, J.; Zhao, G. (June 2025). "A temperate 10-Earth-mass exoplanet around the Sun-like star Kepler-725". nature. 9 (8): 1184–1194. Bibcode:2025NatAs...9.1184S. doi:10.1038/s41550-025-02565-z.
  5. ↑ "The Extrasolar Planet Encyclopaedia — Kepler-725 c.". Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia. 2025.
  6. ↑ Morton, Timothy D.; Bryson, Stephen T.; Coughlin, Jeffrey L.; Rowe, Jason F.; Ravichandran, Ganesh; Petigura, Erik A.; Haas, Michael R.; Batalha, Natalie M. (2016). "False Positive Probabilities for All Kepler Objects of Interest: 1284 Newly Validated Planets and 428 Likely False Positives". The Astrophysical Journal. 822 (2): 86. arXiv:1605.02825. Bibcode:2016ApJ...822...86M. doi:10.3847/0004-637X/822/2/86.
  7. 1 2 Keith Cooper (2025-06-06). "A hidden 'super-Earth' exoplanet is dipping in and out of its habitable zone". Space. Retrieved 2025-06-06.
  8. ↑ "Kepler-725 Overview". NASA Exoplanet Archive.