Linqu County

Linqu County
临朐县
Linchu; Linchü; Pianyi; Zhuxu County
County
Gathering the spirit and the qi
Gathering the spirit and the qi
Location of the seat in Weifang
Location of the seat in Weifang
Linqu is located in Shandong
Linqu
Linqu
Location of the seat in Shandong
Coordinates: 36°30′44″N 118°32′32″E / 36.51222°N 118.54222°E / 36.51222; 118.54222
CountryPeople's Republic of China
ProvinceShandong
Prefecture-level cityWeifang
Area
 • Total
1,831 km2 (707 sq mi)
Population
 (2018)
 • Total
925,567
 • Density505.5/km2 (1,309/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+8 (China Standard)
Postal code
262600, 262699
Websitewww.linqu.gov.cn

Linqu County (simplified Chinese: 临朐县; traditional Chinese: 臨朐縣; pinyin: Línqú Xiàn) is a county, originally known as "Pianyi", located in the southwest of Weifang in the middle of Shandong Peninsula, Shandong Province, China. Linqu is also known as Zhuxu County (simplified Chinese: 朱虚县; traditional Chinese: 朱虛縣; pinyin: Zhūxū Xiàn). It covers an area of 1,834 km2 (708 sq mi) and governs 937 villages which were grouped into eight townships and two subdistricts. Linqu has a population of 926 thousand (2020).

With a long history of over 2000 years since its establishment in the Western Han dynasty, Linqu is well known for its beautiful scenery and rich cultures, such as traditional operas, brush paintings and calligraphy, rare rock arts, Mount Yi National Forest Park, Shanwang National Geography Park, Old Dragon Spring and Shimenfang Park. Its over 210 archeology sites include Dawenkou culture and Longshan culture relics.

History

Early history

Among the various Neolithic sites in Linqu, the Xizhufeng site (Chinese: 西朱封遗址; pinyin: Xīzhūfēng yízhǐ), the Weijiazhuang site (魏家庄遗址; Wèijiāzhuāng yízhǐ), the Yaowa site (尧洼遗址; Yáowā yízhǐ) and the Ganjiagou site (敢家沟遗址; Gǎnjiāgōu yízhǐ) exemplify the transition from Dawenkou culture to Longshan culture and further into Yueshi culture and beyond. Pottery, human and animal bones, ding feet, as well as jade artefacts, have all been unearthed.

According to the Bamboo Annals, the Yellow Emperor is said to have performed a form of imperial fengshan ceremony on Yishan [zh], while Dan Zhu, son of Emperor Yao, was enfeoffed at the River Dan (Chinese: 丹水), now the River Mi [zh]. During the Xia and Shang dynasties, the area was associated with the feudal lord Ji Ce (季荝; 季萴; Jì Cè) and the fiefdom of the feudal lord Pang Boling (逄伯陵; Páng Bólíng) respectively.

In the Western Zhou dynasty, Linqu was known as Pianyi (骈邑; 駢邑; Pián Yì) and was originally part of the state of Ji (紀國; 纪国; Jì Guó). Following the state's conquest by the state of Qi in the Spring and Autumn period, the settlement became Quyi (朐邑; Qú Yì) in the Warring States period, whence the basis for the modern name. The Great Wall of Qi, the earliest so-called in China, can be seen in Daguan (大关; 大關; Dàguān), now part of Yishan Town.

Imperial history

After the unification of China under the Qin dynasty, the territory was divided between Qi Commandery and Langya Commandery. In the Western Han dynasty, the area contained three counties: Linqu, Zhuxu, and Jiao (Chinese: 挍; pinyin: Jiāo), as well as two marquisates, Ping (Chinese: 缾; pinyin: Píng) and Linyuan (临原; 臨原; Línyuán). During the Eastern Han dynasty, the territory was administered through two counties, Linqu and Zhuxu, both belonging to Qingzhou (青州; Qīngzhōu).

During the Wei and Jin periods of the Three Kingdoms era, Linqu and Zhuxu continued to exist as separate counties. The city was the site of the Battle of Linqu in 409, during the unrest of the Sixteen Kingdoms period. During the Northern and Southern dynasties, five counties were established within the present-day territory: Changguo, Zhuxu, Banyang, Xi'an, and Anping. These administrative divisions were eventually consolidated into Linqu County during the Sui dynasty.

During the Tang and Song dynasties, Linqu belonged to Qingzhou. Under the Yuan dynasty, it was administered by Yidu Circuit (Chinese: 益都路; pinyin: Yìdū Lù). During the Ming and Qing dynasties, it belonged to Qingzhou Prefecture.

Modern history

Following the establishment of the Republic of China, the prefectural system was abolished and replaced by a circuit system under the Beiyang government. Linqu County initially belonged to Jiaodong Circuit (simplified Chinese: 胶东道; traditional Chinese: 膠東道; pinyin: Jiāodōng Dào), and was transferred to Ziqing Circuit (Chinese: 淄青道; pinyin: Zīqīng Dào) in 1925. In 1928, the circuit system was abolished under the Nationalist government, and Linqu came under the direct administration of Shandong Province.

Upon the establishment of the People's Republic of China, Linqu was transferred to Changwei Special District. Subsequently renamed Changwei Region in 1967 and then Weifang Region in 1981, in October 1983, Weifang Region was reorganized as Weifang City, under whose administration Linqu County remains.

Public health

Linqu County has historically been one of the areas with the highest incidence and mortality rates of gastric cancer in China. A nationwide survey of cancer mortality conducted in 1973–1975 recorded age-standardised gastric cancer mortality rates of 70 per 100,000 among men and 25 per 100,000 among women, with gastric cancer accounting for approximately 42% of all cancer deaths in the county. Since 1983, researchers from Peking University Cancer Hospital and other institutions have conducted long-running epidemiological investigations in the county, examining dietary and environmental risk factors, Helicobacter pylori infection, genetic susceptibility and the progression of precancerous gastric lesions. The research has contributed to the international understanding of gastric carcinogenesis and has generated more than 250 scientific publications.

In 1995, the Shandong Intervention Trial was initiated to investigate whether treatment of H. pylori infection and nutritional supplementation could reduce the development of gastric cancer. A subsequent large community-based intervention trial, launched in 2011, enrolled more than 180,000 residents from 980 villages to evaluate the effectiveness of population-based H. pylori treatment. This study found a modest reduction in gastric cancer incidence among individuals receiving the treatment for H. pylori in intention-to-treat analyses. Linqu also became one of the pilot locations for China's government-supported rural cancer screening initiatives, introduced in the 2000s.

Geography

There are many mountains in the county, such as Mountain Yi and Mountain Song. The River Mi originates in the foothills of Mountain Yi, and is the main source of irrigation in the county. The Yeyuan Reservoir in the upper reaches of the River Mi is the largest water storage area in the county, with the reservoir capacity ranking among the top ten.

Climate

Climate data for Linqu, elevation 150 m (490 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 18.1
(64.6)		 25.4
(77.7)		 31.7
(89.1)		 34.6
(94.3)		 38.3
(100.9)		 40.5
(104.9)		 39.8
(103.6)		 37.7
(99.9)		 39.1
(102.4)		 36.6
(97.9)		 27.1
(80.8)		 21.5
(70.7)		 40.5
(104.9)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 3.8
(38.8)		 7.5
(45.5)		 14.0
(57.2)		 21.0
(69.8)		 26.5
(79.7)		 30.6
(87.1)		 31.6
(88.9)		 30.1
(86.2)		 26.8
(80.2)		 21.0
(69.8)		 13.0
(55.4)		 5.9
(42.6)		 19.3
(66.8)
Daily mean °C (°F) −2.0
(28.4)		 1.2
(34.2)		 7.4
(45.3)		 14.4
(57.9)		 20.1
(68.2)		 24.5
(76.1)		 26.6
(79.9)		 25.2
(77.4)		 20.7
(69.3)		 14.5
(58.1)		 6.9
(44.4)		 0.3
(32.5)		 13.3
(56.0)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −6.7
(19.9)		 −3.8
(25.2)		 1.7
(35.1)		 8.3
(46.9)		 13.9
(57.0)		 19.1
(66.4)		 22.4
(72.3)		 21.2
(70.2)		 15.7
(60.3)		 9.2
(48.6)		 2.0
(35.6)		 −4.2
(24.4)		 8.2
(46.8)
Record low °C (°F) −20.9
(−5.6)		 −18.6
(−1.5)		 −12.4
(9.7)		 −5.9
(21.4)		 −0.5
(31.1)		 7.0
(44.6)		 12.0
(53.6)		 10.9
(51.6)		 4.3
(39.7)		 −4.4
(24.1)		 −14.5
(5.9)		 −23.8
(−10.8)		 −23.8
(−10.8)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 8.0
(0.31)		 13.8
(0.54)		 13.6
(0.54)		 28.2
(1.11)		 55.5
(2.19)		 86.9
(3.42)		 147.5
(5.81)		 160.4
(6.31)		 53.9
(2.12)		 29.9
(1.18)		 28.5
(1.12)		 10.8
(0.43)		 637
(25.08)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 2.9 3.6 4.0 5.4 7.4 8.6 12.7 12.2 6.9 5.5 5.1 3.9 78.2
Average snowy days 4.3 3.6 1.5 0.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.9 2.8 13.2
Average relative humidity (%) 60 57 51 53 58 62 76 80 73 66 64 61 63
Mean monthly sunshine hours 166.3 171.0 220.3 239.5 263.1 229.1 201.6 197.8 200.5 197.9 167.3 164.9 2,419.3
Percentage possible sunshine 54 55 59 61 60 52 46 48 54 57 55 55 55
Source: China Meteorological Administration

Administrative divisions

After the township merger in 2007, Linqu has jurisdiction over 2 subdistricts, 8 towns, and a high-tech industrial park.

Subdistricts
Towns

Economy

The current economy is dominated by aluminum alloy and stainless steel building materials.

Linqu Qinchi Winery once bought CCTV prime-time advertisements at a high price of 320 million yuan, making it a re-election for the second term.

Linqu's GDP

Year201920182017201620152014201320122011201020092008
Billion30.8030.5528.0226.1124.4022.9020.5618.1416.2214.0612.2811.35

Sightseeing

Hongqiqu (红旗渠)

Notes

  1. ↑ "Shandong government Linqu County". Shandong government.
  2. ↑ "Official website of Linqu County Government". Linqu County Government. Archived from the original on 2020-11-05. Retrieved 2020-05-08.
  3. 1 2 "第一章 古遗址" [Chapter 1: Ancient Sites]. Shandong Local Gazetteers Archive (in Chinese). Shandong Provincial Local History Archives.
  4. ↑ "概况 (Overview)" [Overview]. Shandong Local Gazetteers Archive (in Chinese). Shandong Provincial Local History Archives.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "第一章 建置沿革 (Chapter One: Administrative History)" [Chapter One: Historical Administrative Changes]. Shandong Local Gazetteers Archive (in Chinese). Shandong Provincial Local History Archives.
  6. 1 2 3 Pan, Kai-Feng; Li, Wen-Qing; You, Wei-Cheng (2024). "Forty years of practice against gastric cancer in Linqu County, a high-risk area of gastric cancer in China". Malignancy Spectrum. 1 (3): 141–146. doi:10.1002/msp2.38.
  7. ↑ Pan, Kai-Feng; Li, Wen-Qing; Zhang, Lian; Liu, Wei-Dong; Ma, Jun-Ling; Zhang, Yang; Ulm, Kurt; Wang, Jian-Xi; Zhang, Lei; Bajbouj, Monther; Zhang, Lan-Fu; Li, Ming; Vieth, Michael; Quante, Michael; Wang, Le-Hua; Suchanek, Stepan; Mejías-Luque, Raquel; Xu, Heng-Min; Fan, Xiao-Han; Han, Xuan; Liu, Zong-Chao; Zhou, Tong; Guan, Wei-Xiang; Schmid, Roland M.; Gerhard, Markus; Classen, Meinhard; You, Wei-Cheng (November 2024). "Gastric cancer prevention by community eradication of Helicobacter pylori: a cluster-randomized controlled trial". Nature Medicine. 30 (11): 3250–3260. doi:10.1038/s41591-024-03153-w. Retrieved 6 November 2026.
  8. ↑ "彌河風景區 (Chinese)".
  9. ↑ 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 12 August 2023.
  10. ↑ 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 12 August 2023.
  11. ↑ 威海市-行政区划网 www.xzqh.org (in Chinese). XZQH. Retrieved 2012-05-24.
  12. ↑ "合肥工业大学MBA教学案例汇编(Chinese) (Word document)".