List of border conflicts

The following is a list of border conflicts between two or more countries. The list includes only those fought because of border disputes. See list of territorial disputes for those that do not involve fighting. Over 50% of the world’s borders today were drawn as a result of British and French imperialism. The British and French drew the modern borders of the Middle East, 80% of the borders of Africa, in Asia after the independence of the British Raj and French Indochina and the borders of Europe after World War I as victors, as a result of the Paris treaties.

19th century

StartFinishConflictCombatantsDisputed TerritoriesFatalities
18111812Portuguese invasion of the Banda Oriental Portugal v. United ProvincesBanda OrientalUnknown
18161820Portuguese conquest of the Banda Oriental Portugal v. Federal LeagueBanda OrientalUnknown
18251828Cisplatine War Empire of Brazil v. United ProvincesBanda OrientalUnknown
18281829Gran Colombia–Peru War Gran Colombia v. Perupre-modern Ecuador–Peru border~7,600
18371838Upper Canada Rebellion (Patriot War) United Kingdom (Province of Upper Canada) and United States United States v. Republic of Upper CanadaCanada–United States border~325
18371839Tarija War Argentine Confederation v. Peru–Bolivian Confederation Peru–Bolivian ConfederationTarija DepartmentUnknown
18411843Texas-Mexico boundary disputeMexico Mexico v.  TexasNew México
Rio Grande		Unknown
18461848Mexican–American War United States v. MexicoTexas
Santa Fe de Nuevo México
Alta California		~29,000
18591859Pig and Potato War United States v. United Kingdom (Colony of Vancouver Island)San Juan IslandsNone
18611865War Between the States United States United States v.  Confederate StatesFort Sumter, Charleston Harbor
Arizona Territory
Border states		~1,692,000
18641870War of the Triple AllianceParaguay Paraguay v. Argentina Argentina, Empire of Brazil, and UruguayUruguay
Río de la Plata Basin		378,000-500,000
18791883War of the Pacific Chile v. Bolivia and PeruLitoral Department~10,000
18851885Panjdeh incident Russia v.  Afghanistan and  United KingdomKushka (present-day Serhetabat, Turkmenistan)400 or 1042
18961896Battle of Shangi Congo Free State v. Kingdom of RwandaSouthwestern RwandaUnknown
18981898Fashoda Crisis France v.  United KingdomFashoda, Mahdist State (modern-day Sudan)None

20th century before World War II (1918-1939)

StartFinishConflictCombatantsDisputed TerritoriesFatalities
19001900Russian invasion of Manchuria (Boxers Rebellion) Russia v.  China and Society of Righteous and Harmonious FistsAmur RiverMore than 1000
19101918Mexican Border War United States v. MexicoMexico–United States border100+
19251925Klaipėda Revolt League of Nations under the French Administration v. Lithuania LithuaniaMemelland
East Prussia, Germany		15
19251925War of the Stray Dog Greece v.  BulgariaPetrich (modern borders with Greece and North Macedonia)171
19321935Chaco War Bolivia v. ParaguayNorthern Gran Chaco~100,000
19381938Changkufeng Incident Soviet Union v. JapanManchukuo–Soviet Union border region~1,300
19391939Slovak–Hungarian War Slovakia v. HungaryEastern Slovakia69
19391939Nomonhan Incident Soviet Union and Mongolia v. Japan and Manchukuo Manchukuo–Soviet Union border region~48,000

20th century after World War II (1945–2000)

StartFinishConflictCombatantsDisputed TerritoriesFatalities
19451945Levant Crisis France v. United KingdomSyria-Lebanon and Transjordan0
1945 1946 War in southern Vietnam France v. Viet Minh Southern Vietnam 2500+
19461948Beitashan Incident China v. Soviet Union and  MongoliaChinese–Mongolian borderUnknown
194719481947–1948 Kashmir War India v. PakistanJammu and Kashmir2000+
1947 1948 Annexation of Junagadh India v. Junagadh Junagadh State Unknown
1948 1948 1948 Arab-Israel War Arab League and All-Palestine Protectorate v. Israel Mandatory Palestine 10000+
1948 1948 Annexation of Hyderabad India v. Hyderabad Hyderabad 1000+
1949 1956 Palestinian Fedayeen insurgency Palestine Fedayeens v. Israel West Bank and Israel 3300+
1950 1950 Chinese Invasion of Tibet China v. Tibet Chamdo 200+
1950 1953 Korean War North Korea v. South Korea Korea 3000000+
19541954Annexation of Dadra and Nagar Haveli India v. PortugalDadra and Nagar Haveli2
1954 1955 First Taiwan Strait Crisis China v. Taiwan and United States Taiwan Strait 900+
19561956Suez Crisis Israel v. EgyptSinai Peninsula
Suez Canal Zone		1800+
19571958Ifni War Morocco v. France and SpainSpanish Ifni1000+
1958 1958 Second Taiwan Strait Crisis China v. Taiwan and United States Quemoy and Amoy 950+
1958 1958 1958 Pakistan–India border skirmish Pakistan v. India East Pakistan Border 5+
1959 1960 Dir campaign Pakistan v. Afghanistan and Dir state Durand Line Unknown
1960 1961 Bajaur Campaign Pakistan v. Kingdom of Afghanistan and Dir militants Durand Line Unknown
1961 1961 Annexation of Goa India v. Portugal Goa, Daman and Diu 50+
1961 1961 Operation Vantage United Kingdom and Kuwait v. Iraq Kuwait Unknown
1961 1962 Western New Guinea War Indonesia and Soviet Union v. Netherlands Western New Guinea 210+
19621962Sino-Indian War China v. IndiaAksai Chin2000+
1964 1964 First Ethio–Somali Border War Somalia v. Ethiopia Ethiopia–Somalia border 1000+
19651965Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 Pakistan v. IndiaKashmir5000+
1967 1967 Nathu La and Cho La clashes China v. India Nathu La and Cho La (Sikkim and Tibet) 110+
1967 1967 Six-Day War Egypt, Syria and Jordan v. Israel Golan Heights, Sinai Peninsula, West Bank, Gaza 12000+
19691969Sino-Soviet border conflict Soviet Union v. ChinaZhenbao Island
Ussuri River		120+
19711971Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 Pakistan v. IndiaKashmir
4000+
1972 1972 First Yemenite War North Yemen v. South Yemen North Yemen–South Yemen border Unknown
1973 1973 1973 Samita border skirmish Kuwait v. Iraq Samita border Outpost Unknown
1973 1973 Yom Kippur War Egypt and Syria v. Israel Golan Heights, Sinai Peninsula, Suez Canal 22000+
1974 1975 Shatt al-Arab conflict Iran v. Iraq Shatt al-Arab 1000+
1974 1974 Turkish invasion of Cyprus Turkiye v. Cyprus and Greece Cyprus 7000+
1975 1975 Tulung La incident China v. India Arunachal Pradesh 4
1975 1991 Western Sahara War Morocco and Mauritania v. Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic Western Sahara 2000+
1975 1978 Indonesian invasion of East Timor Indonesia v. East Timor East Timor 186000+
1977 1978 Ogaden War Somalia v. Ethiopia, Cuba and South Yemen Ogaden 12000+
19781979Uganda–Tanzania War Uganda v. TanzaniaKagera Salient2000
1979 1979 Second Yemenite War North Yemen v. South Yemen North Yemen–South Yemen border 2700+
19791979Sino-Vietnamese War China v. VietnamCao Bằng, Lạng Sơn and Spratly Islands50000+
1980 1988 Iran–Iraq War Iran v. Iraq Western Iran 500000+
1981 2005 Bakassi clashes Nigeria v. Cameroon Cameroon–Nigeria border 70
1981 1981 Paquisha War Peru v. Ecuador Cordillera del Cóndor 50+
19821982Falklands War Argentina v. United KingdomFalkland Islands,South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands800+
1982 1982 Second Ethio–Somali Border War Somalia v. Ethiopia Hiran and Mudug regions 400+
1983 1983 Chadian–Nigerian War Chad v. Nigeria Lake Chad 100+
19842022Whisky War Denmark v. CanadaHans Island0
19842003Siachen conflict Pakistan v. IndiaSiachen Glacier1000
19851985Agacher Strip War Burkina Faso v. MaliAgacher Strip140+
1985 2000 South Lebanon conflict Lebanon and Hezbollah vs Israel Southern Lebanon 2300+
19861987Sumdorong Chu standoff India v. ChinaSumdorong ChuUnknown
1986 1987 Ciskei–Transkei War Ciskei v. Transkei Ciskei-Transkei Border Unknown
19871988Thai–Laotian Border War Laos and Vietnam v. ThailandChat Trakan district
Botene district		140+
1987 1993 First Palestinian Intifada Palestine v. Israel West Bank and Gaza Strip 2000+
1988 1988 Johnson South Reef skirmish Vietnam v. China Johnson South Reef 60+
1988 1988 First Nagorno-Karabakh War Azerbaijan v. Armenia Nagorno-Karabakh 17000+
1989 1991 Mauritania–Senegal Border War Mauritania v. Senegal Mauritania–Senegal border Unknown
1995 1996 Third Taiwan Strait Crisis China v. Taiwan and United States Taiwan Strait Unknown
1995 1995 Hanish Islands conflict Yemen v. Eritrea Hanish Islands 20+
1998 2000 Eritrean–Ethiopian War Eritrea v. Ethiopia Badme 300000
19982018Eritrean–Ethiopian border conflict Eritrea v. EthiopiaEritrea–Ethiopia border100000
1999 1999 Kargil War Pakistan v. India Kargil district 900+

21st century

StartFinishConflictCombatantsDisputed TerritoryFatalities
2000 2005 Second Palestine Intifada Palestine v. Israel Israeli-occupied territories 4000+
200020062000–2006 Shebaa Farms conflict Israel v. HezbollahShebaa farms30+
200120012001 Bangladesh–India border clashes Bangladesh v. IndiaBangladesh–India border region19
200120022001–2002 India–Pakistan standoff India v. PakistanKashmir700+
20022002Perejil Island crisis Morocco v. SpainPerejil Island0
20032005Conflict in Tuzla Island Ukraine v. RussiaTuzla Island0
200620062006 Lebanon War Israel v. Lebanon and HezbollahNorthern District, Southern Lebanon, Golan Heights1500+
20082008Djiboutian–Eritrean border conflict Djibouti v. EritreaRas Doumeira140+
2008 2008 2008 Mardakert clashes Azerbaijan v. Republic of Artsakh Line of Contact 4+
20082008Russo-Georgian War Georgia v. RussiaSouth Ossetia and Abkhazia340+
200820112008–2011 Cambodian–Thai border crisis Cambodia v. ThailandPreah Vihear25+
200820082008 India–Pakistan standoff India v. PakistanIndia–Pakistan border regionUnknown
2009 2009 2009 Afghanistan–Iran clash Iran Iran v. Islamic Republic of Afghanistan Afghanistan Afghanistan–Iran border 1
2010 2010 2010 Mardakert clashes Azerbaijan v. Republic of Artsakh and Armenia Line of Contact 6+
20102010Costa Rica–Nicaragua San Juan River border dispute Costa Rica v. NicaraguaSan Juan River0
2010 2010 February 2010 Nagorno-Karabakh clashes Armenia v. Azerbaijan Line of Contact 3
20112011Wazzin ClashesLibya Libya v. TunisiaWazzin20+
201120112011 India–Pakistan border skirmish India v. PakistanKashmir (Kupwara district and Neelum Valley)8
20122012Heglig Crisis Sudan v. South SudanUnity State
South Kordofan		260+
20122022Syrian–Turkish border clashes during the Syrian civil war Syria v. TurkeyAkçakale15+
2012 2012 2012 Armenian–Azerbaijani border clashes Azerbaijan v. Armenia Line of Contact 9
2012 2017 2012–2017 Lebanon–Syria border clashes Lebanon v. Syria Lebanon–Syria border 100+
2012 2024 Israeli–Syrian ceasefire line incidents during the Syrian civil war Syria v. Israel Quneitra Governorate and Golan Heights 250+
201320132013 India–Pakistan border skirmishes India v. PakistanKashmir Line of Control28
201420152014–2015 India–Pakistan border skirmishes India v. PakistanKashmir Line of Control
Indo-Pakistani border region		55+
2014 2014 2014 Armenian–Azerbaijani clashes Azerbaijan v. Armenia Line of Contact 10+
2014 2014 2014 Russian annexation of Crimea Russia v. Ukraine Crimea 3
2014 2022 War in Donbas Russia v. Ukraine Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts 10000+
201620162016 Belize–Guatemala border standoff Belize v. GuatemalaSarstoon River1
201620182016–2018 India–Pakistan border skirmishes India v. PakistanKashmir165+
201720172017 Afghanistan–Pakistan border skirmish Afghanistan v. PakistanChaman8+
201720172017 China–India border standoff China v. India and BhutanDoklam0
201820182018 Armenian–Azerbaijani clashes Armenia v. AzerbaijanNakhchivan Autonomous Republic (Sharur District and Sadarak District)2+
2018 2018 2018 Syrian Kurdish–Turkish border clashes Rojava v. Turkiye Northern Syria 5+
201920192019 India–Pakistan border skirmishes India v. PakistanLine of Control50+
202020202020 Armenian–Azerbaijani clashes Armenia v. AzerbaijanMovses, Armenia and Ağdam, Azerbaijan17+
2020 2020 Second Nagorno-Karabakh War Azerbaijan v. Armenia Nagorno-Karabakh and Armenian-occupied territories 5000+
202020212020–2021 China–India skirmishes China v. IndiaSikkim, Ladakh and Line of Actual Control30+
2020 2021 2020–21 India–Pakistan border skirmishes Pakistan v. India Line of Control, Kashmir 40+
20202022Ethiopian–Sudanese border conflict Ethiopia v. SudanEthiopian–Sudanese border90+
202120212021 Kyrgyzstan–Tajikistan conflict Kyrgyzstan v. TajikistanLeilek District55
2022 2022 2022 Kyrgyzstan–Tajikistan clashes Kyrgyzstan v. Tajikistan Kyrgyzstan–Tajikistan border 140+
2022 2022 Al-Shabaab campaign in Ethiopia Islamic Wilayaat of Somalia v. Ethiopia Somali Region 900+
2023 2023 January 2023 Jenin incursion Palestine v. Israel West Bank 5+
2023 2023 February 2023 Nablus incursion Palestine v. Israel West Bank 11
2023 2023 2023 Afghanistan–Iran border clash Afghanistan v. Iran Afghanistan–Iran border 3+
2023 2023 June 2023 Jenin incursion Palestine v. Israel West Bank 3+
2023 2023 July 2023 Jenin incursion Palestine v. Israel West Bank 13+
2023 2023 Las Anod conflict Somaliland v. Somalia and Puntland Sool, Sanaag and Buhodle regions 4000+
2023 2023 2023 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict Azerbaijan v. Republic of Artsakh Nagorno-Karabakh 300+
2024 2026 Afghanistan–Pakistan border conflict Pakistan v. Afghanistan Durand Line 80+
2025 2025 2025 Cambodian–Thai border crisis Cambodia v. Thailand Cambodia–Thailand border 150+

Ongoing

StartFinishConflictCombatantsDisputed TerritoryFatalities
2020 Ongoing Western Saharan clashes Morocco v. Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic Moroccan Western Sahara Wall 15+
2021 Ongoing Armenia–Azerbaijan border crisis Armenia v. Azerbaijan Armenia–Azerbaijan border 600+
2022 Ongoing North Kosovo crisis Kosovo v. Kosovo Serb rebels and Serbia North Kosovo, Merdare border and Central Serbia 4
2022 Ongoing Fourth Taiwan Strait Crisis China v. Taiwan Taiwan Strait -
2022 Ongoing Russo-Ukrainian war (2022–present) Russia v. Ukraine Ukraine and Russia 2,000,000+
2023 Ongoing Israeli incursions in the West Bank during the Gaza war Israel v. Palestine West Bank 1,000+
2023 Ongoing Third Lebanon War Israel v. Lebanon and Hezbollah Blue Line 9,000+
2023 Ongoing Lebanon–Syria clashes (2024–present) Syria v. Lebanon and Hezbollah Lebanon–Syria border 5+
2024OngoingIsraeli invasion of Syria (2024–present) Israel v. SyriaQuneitra Governorate and Daraa governorates100+

See also

References

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