List of largest snakes

The largest living snakes in the world, measured either by length or by weight, are various members of the Boidae and Pythonidae families. They include anacondas, pythons and boa constrictors, which are all non-venomous constrictors. The longest venomous snake, with a length up to 18.5–18.8 ft (5.6–5.7 m), is the king cobra, while contesters for the heaviest title include the Gaboon viper and the Eastern diamondback rattlesnake. All of these three species reach a maximum mass in the range of 6–20 kg (13–44 lb). The largest known snake overall is the extinct Titanoboa.

There are fourteen or fifteen living snake species that have a maximum mass of at least 50 lb (23 kg), as shown in the table below. These include all species that reach a length of at least 20 ft (6 m). There are also two other species that reach nearly this length – the Oenpelli python (binomial name Nyctophilopython oenpelliensis, Simalia oenpelliensis or Morelia oenpelliensis), and the olive python (Liasis olivaceus). The information available about these two species is rather limited. The Oenpelli python, in particular, has been called the rarest python in the world.

There is considerable variation in the maximum reported size of these species, and most measurements are not verifiable, so the sizes listed should not be considered definitive. In general, the reported lengths are likely to be somewhat overestimated. In spite of what has been, for many years, a standing offer of a large financial reward (initially $1,000 offered by U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt in the early 1900s, later raised to $5,000, then $15,000 in 1978 and $50,000 in 1980) for a live, healthy snake over 30 ft (9.14 m) long by the New York Zoological Society (later renamed as the Wildlife Conservation Society), no attempt to claim the reward has ever been made.

Although it is generally accepted that the reticulated python is the world's longest snake, most length estimates longer than 6 m (20 ft) have been called into question. It has been suggested that confident length records for the largest snakes must be established from a dead body soon after death, or alternatively from a heavily sedated snake, using a steel tape and in the presence of witnesses, and must be published (and preferably recorded on video). At least one reticulated python was measured under full anesthesia at 6.95 m (22.8 ft), and somewhat less reliable scientific reports up to 10.05 m (33.0 ft) have appeared.

Although weight is easier to measure reliably than length (e.g., by simply measuring the weight of a container with and without the snake inside it and subtracting one measurement from the other), a significant factor in the weight of a snake is whether it has been kept in captivity and provided an unusual abundance of food in conditions that also cause reduced levels of activity. Moreover, the weight of wild specimens is often reduced as a symptom of parasite infestations that are eliminated by veterinary care in captivity. Thus, the largest weights measured for captive specimens often greatly exceed the largest weights observed in the wild for the same species. This phenomenon may particularly affect the weight measurements for anaconda species that are especially difficult to keep in captivity due to their semi-aquatic nature, resulting in other species having larger weights measured in captivity. In particular, the green anaconda (Eunectes murinus) is an especially massive snake if only observations in the wild are considered.

Largest serpent species in the world

RankCommon nameScientific nameFamilyMassImageLengthRange map
1 Green anaconda (a.k.a. giant anaconda)Eunectes murinusBoidaeMay exceed 227 kg (500 lb), measurement validity questionable
170 kg (370 lb), unverified but plausible weight for wild-caught specimen in Acre, Brazil, see section on remarkable individual specimens


130 kg (290 lb) to 147 kg (324 lb), not firmly verified, specimen kept at Reptilarium du Larzac in Sainte-Eulalie-de-Cernon, France
97.5 kg (215 lb), reliable, maximum among 780 specimens caught over a seven-year period 1992–98
Average 30.8 kg (68 lb) among 45 specimens (1992–98)
Generally considered the heaviest in the wild (exceeded by P.bivittatus and M. reticulatus in captivity) Some specimens may be of a distinct "northern green anaconda" species.

 May exceed 8.8 m (28 ft 10 in), not firmly verified
6.32 m (20 ft 9 in), reliable for specimen listed by Rivas et al.
6.27 m (20 ft 7 in), somewhat reliable
5.6 m (18 ft 4 in), somewhat reliable
5.21 m (17 ft 1 in), reliable, maximum among 780 specimens caught over a seven-year period 1992–98
Average 3.7 m (12 ft 2 in) among 45 specimens (1992–98)
Minimum adult length 3.2 m (10 ft 6 in)

Some specimens may be of a distinct "northern green anaconda" species.
2 Burmese pythonPython bivittatus
(now recognized as distinct from P. molurus)		Pythonidae182.8 kg (403 lb), reliable, for "Baby" in 1998 (in captivity)
98 kg (216 lb), reliable, for the heaviest specimen found in the wild
94 kg (207 lb), reliable, for the biggest male in the wild		5.7912 m (19 ft 0 in), reliable, for the longest specimen found in the wild 10 July 2023
Minimum adult length 2.35 m (7 ft 9 in)
3 Reticulated pythonMalayopython reticulatusPythonidaeUp to 158 kg (350 lb), somewhat reliable
158.8 kg (350 lb), somewhat reliable, for "Medusa" in 2011
About 156 kg (344 lb), somewhat reliable, for "Twinkie" in 2014
136 kg (300 lb), somewhat reliable, for "Fluffy" in 2010
133.7 kg (295 lb), reasonably reliable, for "Colossus" in 1954 (with an empty stomach)
124.7 kg (275 lb), somewhat reliable, for "Samantha" in 2002
115 kg (254 lb), somewhat reliable, for "Super Snake" in 2021
59 kg (130 lb), reliable, wild specimen in 1999 (after not eating for nearly 3 months)		10.05 m (33 ft 0 in), not firmly verified
7.92 m (26 ft 0 in), somewhat reliable, for "Samantha" in 2002
7.67 m (25 ft 2 in), somewhat reliable, for "Medusa" in 2011
7.3 m (23 ft 11 in), somewhat reliable, for "Fluffy" in 2010
7 m (23 ft 0 in), somewhat reliable, for "Twinkie" in 2014
7 m (23 ft 0 in), somewhat reliable, for "Super Snake" in 2021
6.95 m (22 ft 10 in), reliable, wild specimen in 1999
6.35 m (20 ft 10 in), reasonably reliable, for "Colossus" in 1963 (skeletal length)
Specimens longer than 6 m (19 ft 8 in) are rare
Minimum adult length 3.04 m (10 ft 0 in)
Generally considered the world's longest
4 Central African rock pythonPython sebae
(now recognized as distinct from P. natalensis)		PythonidaeUp to 113 kg (250 lb), not firmly verified
91 kg (200 lb), reliable		Up to 7.5 m (24 ft 7 in), not firmly verified
6.5 m (21 ft 4 in), reliable
Minimum adult length 2.50 m (8 ft 2 in)
Range shown as green region
5 Southern African rock pythonPython natalensis
(now recognized as distinct from P. sebae)		Pythonidae80 kg (180 lb), somewhat reliable, for the largest specimen
65 kg (143 lb), reliable
Of 75 specimens measured in South Africa, the longest female weighed 53.4 kg (118 lb).		6 m (19 ft 8 in) not firmly verified
5.8 m (19 ft 0 in), reliable
Of 75 specimens measured in South Africa, the longest female was 4.34 m (14 ft 3 in) long.
Specimens longer than 4.6 m (15 ft 1 in) are rare.
Typically 2.8–4 m (9 ft 2 in – 13 ft 1 in)
Range shown as orange region
6 Indian pythonPython molurus
(now recognized as distinct from P. bivittatus)		Pythonidae91 kg (200 lb), not firmly verified
52 kg (115 lb), reliable		6.4 m (21 ft 0 in), not firmly verified
4.6 m (15.1 ft), reliable
7 Australian scrub pythonSimalia kinghorni
(now recognized as distinct from S. amethistina)		Pythonidae35 kg (77 lb), reliable
24 kg (53 lb), reliable		Some reports up to or exceeding 8 m (26 ft 3 in), not firmly verified
7.2 m (23 ft 7 in), not firmly verified
In excess of 6 m (19 ft 8 in)
5.65 m (18 ft 6 in), reliable
Typically 3.5 m (11 ft 6 in)
Minimum adult length 1.8 m (5 ft 11 in)
Little information about size is available
Range shown as dark green region
8 Amethystine pythonSimalia amethistina
(recently recognized as distinct from S. kinghorni)		PythonidaeAble to reach 20 kg (44 lb), and probably larger
Little information about size is available		Able to reach 5.5 m (18 ft 1 in)
4.72 m (15 ft 6 in), reliable
Little information about size is available
Range shown as dark orange and bright orange regions
9 Yellow anacondaEunectes notaeusBoidaeThey commonly weigh 25–35 kg (55–77 lb), though large specimens can weigh 40–55 kg (88–121 lb) or even more.4.6 m (15.1 ft), reasonably reliable
Typically 3–4 m (9 ft 10 in – 13 ft 1 in)
3.1 m (10 ft 2 in) maximum among 86 specimens in a field study		South America
10 Red tailed boaBoa constrictorBoidaeMore than 45 kg (99 lb)Possibly up to 4.3 m (14 ft 1 in)
A much larger report was debunked
11 Cuban boaChilabothrus anguliferBoidaeMaximum 40 kg (88 lb), reliable
27 kg (60 lb), reliable		5.65 m (18 ft 6 in), for the largest specimen
Up to 4.8 m (15 ft 9 in)
12 Beni anacondaEunectes beniensis
(now recognized as distinct from E. murinus and E. notaeus)		Boidae35 kg (77 lb)[citation needed]Largest specimen 3.2 m (10 ft 6 in), relatively reliable
Typically up to 2 m (6 ft 7 in), relatively reliable
Little information about size is available (known from only six specimens as of 2009)
13 Dark-spotted anacondaEunectes deschauenseei
(sometimes confused with E. notaeus)		Boidae30 kg (66 lb)[citation needed]3 m (9 ft 10 in), relatively reliable
14 Papuan pythonApodora papuanaPythonidaeAverage reported as 22.5 kg (50 lb)
Little information about size is available		One reasonably reliable report of 4.39 m (14 ft 4.8 in)
Average reported as 4 m (13 ft 1.5 in)
Often reaches 3–4 m (9 ft 10.1 in – 13 ft 1.5 in)
Most specimens 1.4–3.6 m (4 ft 7 in – 11 ft 10 in)
Little information about size is available

By families

Boas (Boidae)

Pythons (Pythonidae)

Typical snakes (Colubridae)

Elapids (Elapidae)

King cobra, the largest elapid

Blind snakes (Leptotyphlopidae)

Lamprophids (Lamprophiidae)

Vipers (Viperidae)

Remarkable individual specimens

Individual specimens considered among largest measured for their respective species include the following:

Green anacondas:

The skeleton of this specimen was apparently preserved at the Federal University of Acre and reportedly measured 6.21 m (20.4 ft), which implies that the live snake must have been about 6.4 m (21 ft 0 in) to 6.5 m (21 ft 4 in). Weight appears not reliably verified, but is plausible for a bulky specimen of that length based on allometric scaling of verified bulky specimens of shorter length.

Burmese pythons:

Reticulated pythons:

Australian scrub pythons:

See also

References

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