List of kings of the Ningthouja dynasty

Classical Meitei illuminated manuscript painting, depicting a “Paphal” of a totemic Meitei dragon of the Ningthouja (Mangang) clan, from the “Pakhangba Lambuba”, an ancient Meitei language text

Location of Manipur in Republic of India

This is a list of Meitei kings of the Ningthouja dynasty (alias Meitei dynasty), who ruled from 33 AD and later reigned over the Kingdom of Manipur after its establishment in 1110 AD as they are recorded in the Royal Chronicle of Manipur (Cheitharol Kumbaba). The Chronicle was reconstructed during the 18th century, with unknown provenance of the earlier sections and, according to scholars, its historicity is assured only for the portions after 1485.

The Ningthouja dynasty was founded by King Nongda Lairen Pakhangba in 33 AD, who assumed the title Meidingu for the later kings belonging to the dynasty, after defeating the once powerful Khabas. Before he took the throne, the salais or clans were already in existence and they each had their own kings and territories. Nongda Lairen Pakhangba initiated the process of unification of the warring ethnic groups and principalities groups, which led to the formation of Manipur realm, under the political supremacy of the Ningthouja dynasty in the first century AD.

The Kingdom of Kangleipak with written constitution was established in 1110 AD by King Loiyumba of the Ningthouja dynasty, who incorporated most neighboring principalities, with the Ningthouja dynasty as ruling house of the kingdom. The Kangleipak kings expanded their territory, reaching their zenith under king Khagemba (1597–1652 AD). In 1714, a king named Pamheiba adopted Hinduism. He adopted the name Gharib Nawaz, and in 1724 renamed the kingdom as "Manipur" (Sanskrit for "abode of jewels"). Manipur was conquered by Burma in 1819 AD, and became a Princely State within the British Raj in 1825 AD till 1947 AD.

On 11 August 1947 AD, Maharajah of Manipur Bodhchandra Singh signed the Instrument of Accession joining the Union of India while retaining internal autonomy. In October 1949, he further signed a merger agreement with India allegedly under coercion. Manipur then became a part C state of the Republic of India governed by the Constitution of India.

List

Burmese rule in Manipur (1819–1825 AD)

There were some puppet kings of Manipur during the Seven Years Devastation (Chahi Taret Khuntakpa). They were:

British protectorate of Manipur (1824-1891 AD)

Manipur became a British protectorate after the outbreak of the First Anglo-Burmese War. The kings were:

Princely state of Manipur (1891-1949 AD)

Manipur became a princely state after the Anglo-Manipur War. The kings were:

Military and political power were exercised by the general commanding British forces in Manipur

Dominion of India and Republic of India

Sovereign State of Manipur

Titular rulers

See also

References

  1. ↑ The court chronicle of the kings of Manipur : the Cheitharon kumpapa : original text, translation, and notes. Parratt, Saroj Nalini. London: Routledge. 2005. ISBN 0-203-44427-2. OCLC 252763470.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  2. ↑ Samrat (17 June 2023), "Notion States: The many nationalisms colliding in the Manipur violence", The Caravan
  3. ↑ Singh, Dr Th Suresh (2 June 2014). The Endless Kabaw Valley: British Created Visious Cycle of Manipur, Burma and India. Quills Ink. p. 28. ISBN 978-93-84318-00-0. Quoting 'Pakhangba Laihui, "Panthoibi Khongul" etc., scholar Khelchandra stated in his article "Sources of the History of Manipur" at page 37 stated that the Khaba dynasty ruled in Manipur before 1st Century AD before Nongda-Lairen Pakhangba, the 1st recognized King of Kangla, ascended the throne in 33 AD.
  4. ↑ Tarapot, Phanjoubam (2003). Bleeding Manipur. Har-Anand Publications. p. 92. ISBN 978-81-241-0902-1.
  5. ↑ "International Journal of Dravidian Linguistics: IJDL". International Journal of Dravidian Linguistics: 159. 2011.
  6. ↑ Tarapot, Phanjoubam (2003). Bleeding Manipur. Har-Anand Publications. p. 96. ISBN 978-81-241-0902-1.
  7. ↑ Homen Thangjam (19 May 2021). Manipur KCDO Silver Jubilee Souvenir 2021. pp. 15–16.
  8. ↑ Phanjoubam Tarapot, Bleeding Manipur, Har Anand Publications (30 July 2007) ISBN 978-8124109021
  9. ↑ Arora, Vibha; Kipgen, Ngamjahao (2012). "The Politics of Identifying with and Distancing from Kuki Identity in Manipur". Sociological Bulletin. 61 (3): 429–449. doi:10.1177/0038022920120303. ISSN 0038-0229. JSTOR 26290634. S2CID 157167951. Historically, Manipur was an independent kingdom ruled by Meitei dynasty. The physical boundary of Manipur has been fluctuating with historical changes in political power and the intra state and the inter state boundaries
  10. ↑ Singha, Memchaton (2016). "Marriage Diplomacy Between the States of Manipur and Burma, 18th to 19th Centuries". Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. 77: 874–879. ISSN 2249-1937. JSTOR 26552717. Both Manipur and Burma succeeded in maintaining their status as independent princely states until the British occupation by in the last part of 19th century
  11. ↑ Waikhom, Rangitabali (2002). "Women's Society and Politics in Pre-Colonial Manipur". Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. 63: 1356–1357. ISSN 2249-1937. JSTOR 44158255.
  12. ↑ Mukherjee, Kunal (28 February 2021). Race, Ethnicity and Religion in Conflict Across Asia. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-000-37161-1.
  13. ↑ Instrument of accession of ruler of Manipur state
  14. ↑ Subramanian, K. S. (5 October 2015). State, Policy and Conflicts in Northeast India. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-39650-5.
  15. ↑ Roy, Kaushik (2 March 2017). Unconventional Warfare in South Asia, 1947 to the Present. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-351-87709-1.
  16. ↑ KSHETRIMAYUM, JOGENDRO (2009). "Shooting the Sun: A Study of Death and Protest in Manipur". Economic and Political Weekly. 44 (40): 48–54. ISSN 0012-9976. JSTOR 25663656. Loiyamba Shinyen (ls), considered the first writ ten constitution of Manipur (Kabui 1988; Naorem 1988). Dated to 1110 ad, it was written during the reign of Loiyamba or Loiyumba
  17. ↑ "Biography of His Highness Maharaja Bodhachandra Last King of Manipur Part 1". e-pao.net. Retrieved 2 December 2019.