Mercury(I) nitrate

Mercury(I) nitrate
	Mercury(I) nitrate dihydrate
Names
	IUPAC name Mercury(I) nitrate
	Other names Mercurous nitrate
Identifiers
CAS Number	(anhydrous): 10415-75-5 ; (dihydrate): 14836-60-3 ;
3D model (JSmol)	(anhydrous): Interactive image; (dihydrate): Interactive image;
ChemSpider	(anhydrous): 23580; (dihydrate): 9493944;
ECHA InfoCard	100.202.814
EC Number	(anhydrous): 233-886-4;
PubChem CID	(anhydrous): 25247;
UNII	(anhydrous): J78005WL7R ; (dihydrate): Z92K1EV5HQ ;
UN number	1627
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	(anhydrous): DTXSID30163975 ;
	InChI (anhydrous): InChI=1S/Hg.NO3/c;2-1(3)4/q+1;-1 Key: DRXYRSRECMWYAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N; (dihydrate): InChI=1S/2Hg.2NO3.2H2O/c;;22-1(3)4;;/h;;;;21H2/q2+1;2-1;; Key: LSABZDVKJBWCBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N;
	SMILES (anhydrous): [N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[Hg+][Hg+].[N+](=O)([O-])[O-]; (dihydrate): [N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[OH2+][Hg][Hg][OH2+].[N+](=O)([O-])[O-];
Properties
Chemical formula	Hg2(NO3)2 (anhydrous); Hg2(NO3)2·2H2O (dihydrate)
Molar mass	525.19 g/mol (anhydrous); 561.22 g/mol (dihydrate)
Appearance	white monoclinic crystals (anhydrous); colorless crystals (dihydrate)
Density	5.7 g/cm3 (anhydrous); 4.8 g/cm3 (dihydrate)
Melting point	decomposes at 125 °C (anhydrous); decomposes at 70 °C (dihydrate)
Solubility in water	soluble, slow hydrolysis
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)	−27.95·10−6 cm3/mol
Structure
Crystal structure	monoclinic
Space group	P21
Lattice constant	a = 6.21 Å, b = 8.34 Å, c = 11.70 Å α = 90°, β = 93.6°, γ = 90°
Hazards
	GHS labelling:
Pictograms
Signal word	Danger
Hazard statements	H300, H310, H330, H373, H410
Precautionary statements	P260, P262, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P284, P301+P316, P302+P352, P304+P340, P316, P319, P320, P321, P330, P361+P364, P391, P403+P233, P405, P501
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)	3 1 1 OX
Related compounds
Other anions	Mercury(I) fluoride; Mercury(I) chloride; Mercury(I) bromide; Mercury(I) iodide
Other cations	Mercury(II) nitrate
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). verify (what is ?) Infobox references

Mercury(I) nitrate is an inorganic compound, a salt of mercury and nitric acid with the formula Hg₂(NO₃)₂. It is a colorless solid, used as a precursor to other Hg₂²⁺ complexes.

Structure

The structure of the dihydrate has been determined by X-ray crystallography. It consists of a [H₂O-Hg-Hg-OH₂]²⁺ center, with a Hg-Hg distance of 251 pm.

Reactions

Mercury(I) nitrate is formed when elemental mercury is combined with dilute nitric acid (concentrated nitric acid will yield mercury(II) nitrate). Mercury(I) nitrate is a reducing agent which is oxidized upon contact with air.

Dehydration of the dihydrate under vacuum yields the anhydrous form.

Mercuric(II) nitrate reacts with elemental mercury(0) to form mercurous(I) nitrate (comproportionation reaction):^{[citation needed]}

Hg(NO₃)₂ + Hg ⇌ Hg₂(NO₃)₂

Solutions of mercury(I) nitrate are acidic due to slow reaction with water:

Hg₂(NO₃)₂ + H₂O ⇌ Hg₂(NO₃)(OH) + HNO₃

Hg₂(NO₃)(OH) forms a yellow precipitate.

If the solution is boiled, or exposed to light, mercury(I) nitrate undergoes a disproportionation reaction yielding elemental mercury and mercury(II) nitrate:

Hg₂(NO₃)₂ ⇌ Hg + Hg(NO₃)₂

These reactions are reversible; the nitric acid formed can redissolve the basic salt.^{[citation needed]}

References

↑ Lide, David R. (1998), Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (87 ed.), Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press, pp. 4–45, ISBN 0-8493-0594-2
1 2 3 4 Weil, Matthias (2003). "Single Crystal Growth and Crystal Structure of Anhydrous Mercury(I) Nitrate, Hg 2 (NO 3 ) 2". Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie. 629 (9): 1547–1552. doi:10.1002/zaac.200300107. ISSN 0044-2313.
↑ Sneed, Mayce Cannon (1926). General Inorganic Chemistry. Boston: Ginn.
↑ Tarr, Henry T. B. (1894). Fox, John W. (ed.). Qualitative Chemical Analysis of Inorganic Substances as Practiced in Georgetown College, D. C. New York: American Book Company. p. 9.
↑ "Mercurous nitrate". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.
↑ Grdenić, D.; Sikirica, M.; Vicković, I. (1975). "A redetermination of the crystal structure of mercury(I) nitrate dihydrate". Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Crystallography and Crystal Chemistry. 31 (8): 2174–2175. doi:10.1107/S0567740875007182. ISSN 0567-7408.
↑ Patnaik, Pradyot (2003), Handbook of Inorganic Chemical Compounds, McGraw-Hill Professional, p. 573, ISBN 0-07-049439-8, retrieved 2009-07-20

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[hand-1] Lide, David R. (1998), Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (87 ed.), Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press, pp. 4–45, ISBN 0-8493-0594-2

[anhystr-2] 1 2 3 4 Weil, Matthias (2003). "Single Crystal Growth and Crystal Structure of Anhydrous Mercury(I) Nitrate, Hg 2 (NO 3 ) 2". Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie. 629 (9): 1547–1552. doi:10.1002/zaac.200300107. ISSN 0044-2313.

[3] Sneed, Mayce Cannon (1926). General Inorganic Chemistry. Boston: Ginn.

[4] Tarr, Henry T. B. (1894). Fox, John W. (ed.). Qualitative Chemical Analysis of Inorganic Substances as Practiced in Georgetown College, D. C. New York: American Book Company. p. 9.

[5] "Mercurous nitrate". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.

[6] Grdenić, D.; Sikirica, M.; Vicković, I. (1975). "A redetermination of the crystal structure of mercury(I) nitrate dihydrate". Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Crystallography and Crystal Chemistry. 31 (8): 2174–2175. doi:10.1107/S0567740875007182. ISSN 0567-7408.

[patniak-7] Patnaik, Pradyot (2003), Handbook of Inorganic Chemical Compounds, McGraw-Hill Professional, p. 573, ISBN 0-07-049439-8, retrieved 2009-07-20