Minuscule 220

Minuscule 220
New Testament manuscript
NameVind. Ness. 180
TextGospels
Date13th century
ScriptGreek
Now atAustrian National Library
Size9.7 cm by 6.8 cm
TypeByzantine
CategoryV
Handvery small letters
Notemarginalia

Minuscule 220 is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, made of parchment. It is designated by the siglum 220 in the Gregory-Aland numbering of New Testament manuscripts, and ε 457 in the von Soden numbering of New Testament manuscripts. Using the study of comparative writing styles (palaeography), it has been assigned to the 13th century. It has complex contents and marginal notes.

Description

The manuscript is a codex (precursor to the modern book format), containing the complete text of the four Gospels, on 303 parchment leaves (sized 9.7 cm by 6.8 cm). It is written in one column per page, 22 lines per page, in very small letters.

The text is divided according to the chapters (known as κεφαλαια / kephalaia), whose numbers are given in the margin, and their titles (known as τιτλοι / titloi) written at the top of the pages. There is also a division according to the Ammonian Sections (234 in Mark, the last in 16:10), but there are no references to the Eusebian Canons. It contains lectionary markings in the margin for liturgical reading, and a synaxaria.

Text

The Greek text of the codex is considered to be a representative of the Byzantine text-type. Biblical scholar Kurt Aland placed it in Category V of his New Testament manuscript classification system. Category V manuscripts are described as "manuscripts with a purely or predominantly Byzantine text.": 336  According to the Claremont Profile Method (a specific analysis of textual data), it represents the textual family Π
 in Luke 1, Luke 10, and Luke 20.

History

The earliest history of the manuscript is unknown. It was examined by the Jesuit scholar Francis K. Alter. Alter used it in his edition of the Greek text of the New Testament. Biblical scholar Caspar René Gregory saw it in 1887.

It is currently dated by the INTF to the 13th century. It is presently housed at the Austrian National Library (shelf number Theol. Gr. 337), in Vienna.

See also

References

  1. ↑ Gregory, Caspar René (1908). Die griechischen Handschriften des Neuen Testament [The Greek Manuscripts of the New Testament]. Leipzig: J. C. Hinrichs'sche Buchhandlung. p. 56.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Aland, Kurt; M. Welte; B. Köster; K. Junack (1994). Kurzgefasste Liste der griechischen Handschriften des Neues Testaments [A Concise List of the Greek Manuscripts of the New Testament]. Berlin; New York: Walter de Gruyter. p. 60. ISBN 3-11-011986-2.
  3. 1 2 3 4 "Liste Handschriften: Minuscule 220". Münster: Institute for New Testament Textual Research. Retrieved 2026-09-18.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 Gregory, Caspar René (1900). Textkritik des Neuen Testaments [Textual Criticism of the New Testament]. Vol. 1. Leipzig: J. C. Hinrichs. p. 168.
  5. ↑ Scrivener, Frederick Henry Ambrose; Edward Miller (1894). A Plain Introduction to the Criticism of the New Testament. Vol. 1 (4 ed.). London: George Bell & Sons. p. 221.
  6. 1 2 Aland, Kurt; Aland, Barbara (1995). The Text of the New Testament: An Introduction to the Critical Editions and to the Theory and Practice of Modern Textual Criticism. Translated by Erroll F. Rhodes. Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. p. 138. ISBN 978-0-8028-4098-1.
  7. ↑ Wisse, Frederik (1982). The Profile Method for Classifying and Evaluating Manuscript Evidence. Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. p. 57. ISBN 0-8028-1918-4.
  8. ↑ Alter, Francis Karl (1786). Novum Testamentum Graecum, ad Codicem Vindobonensem Graece expressum: Varietam Lectionis addidit Franciscus Carolus Alter [The Greek New Testament, as Presented from the Greek Codices of Vienna: Variant Readings added by Francis Karl Alter]. Vienna: Johann Thomas von Trattnern. Retrieved 2026-09-18.