Modal haplotype

A modal haplotype is an ancestral haplotype derived from the DNA test results of a specific group of people, using genetic genealogy.

The two most commonly discussed modal haplotypes are the Atlantic Modal Haplotype (the most common haplotype in parts of Europe, associated with Haplogroup R1b) and the Cohen Modal Haplotype (the haplotype associated with the Jewish Cohanim tradition). However, a specific modal haplotype may be determined for any genealogical DNA test-based surname project or other test group.

List of modal haplotypes

1-SNP "J2a Cohen Modal Haplotype" (J2a-CMH) All Y-DNA testers as of December 2025--with minor, explainable exceptions--who have the J-FGC4992 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) are of Jewish paternal heritage with an oral tradition of descent from the ancient Israelite priesthood. The genetics indicate that the time of the common ancestor for the 400+ known testers worldwide is roughly 500 to 900 BCE, consistent with that oral tradition. {{cite }} {{}}
6-marker Atlantic Modal Haplotype (AMH) with the markers DYS388*12, DYS390*24, DYS391*11, DYS392*13, DYS393*13, and DYS394*14
12-marker Western Atlantic Modal Haplotypes (WAMH) within haplogroup R1b1a2
12-marker Northwest Irish Modal Haplotype (NWIMH) R-M222 (R1b1a2a1a2c1a1a1a1) with the markers DYS390*25, DYS385b*13, DYS392*14, DYS448*18, DYS449*30, DYS464*15,16,16,17, DSY456*17, DYS607*16, DYS413*21,23, DYS534*16, DYS481*25, and DYS714*24
9-marker Western Norway Modal Haplotype within haplogroup I1a with the motif 14-12-28-23-10-11-13-14-14
6-marker Frisian Modal Haplotype (FMH) within haplogroup R1b in cluster R-U106 (R1b1b2a1a)
6-marker Cohen Modal Haplotype (CMH) within haplogroup J1-M267 in cluster J-P58 with the motif 14-16-23-10-11-12 - replaced by Extended Cohen Modal Haplotype
12-marker Extended Cohen Modal Haplotype (eCMH) J1-Z18271 with the markers DYS393*12, DYS390*23, DYS19*14, DYS391*10, DYS385a*13, DYS385b*15, DYS426*11, DYS388*16, DYS439*12, DYS389-1*13, DYS392*11, and DYS389-2*17
10-marker Romani/Gypsy Modal Haplotype within haplogroup H1a-M82 with the markers DYS19*15, DYS389I*14, DYS389II*30, DYS390*22, DYS391*10, DYS392*11, DYS393*12, DYS437*14, DYS438*9, DYS439*11
17-marker Buryat-Mongolian Modal Haplotype within haplogroup N1c1 with the motif 14-11-13-12-11-16-23-10-14-14-11-8-11-12-8-10-10
23-marker Yakut Modal Haplotype within haplogroup N1c with the markers DYS19*14, DYS389-I*14, DYS389-II*32, DYS390*23, DYS391*11, DYS392*16, DYS393*14, DYS385a*11, DYS385b*13, DYS438*11, DYS439*10, DYS437*14, DYS448*19, DYS456*14, DYS635*22, GATA H4*12 (or H4*11), DYS576*16, DYS481*20, DYS549*12, DYS533*11, DYS570*19, and DYS643*12
7-marker Pathan Modal Haplotype within haplogroup R1a1a-M198

References

↑ "Glossary of Genetics Terms". Archived from the original on 2007-10-08. Retrieved 2007-11-13.
↑ https://avotaynuonline.com/2025/08/origin-and-migration-of-the-j-fgc4992-fgc4975-jewish-y-chromosome-branch-and-its-descendant-lineages-draft
↑ see also: author Debra Katz https://drive.google.com/file/d/11gN2hqUuGJ1csAZmQOv85ZVyozRqsYhM/view?usp=drive_link
↑ "Western Atlantic Modal Haplotype - ISOGG Wiki". isogg.org. Retrieved 2024-04-09.
↑ "NW Irish - ISOGG Wiki". isogg.org. Retrieved 2024-04-09.
↑ Moore, Laoise T.; McEvoy, Brian; et al. (February 2006). "A Y-Chromosome Signature of Hegemony in Gaelic Ireland". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 78 (2): 334–338. doi:10.1086/500055. PMC 1380239. PMID 16358217.
↑ Oppenheimer, Stephen (2006). The Origins of the British – A Genetic Detective Story. Constable and Robinson. pp. 151, 198. ISBN 1-84529-158-1.
↑ Hammer, Michael F.; Behar, Doron M.; et al. (November 2009). "Extended Y chromosome haplotypes resolve multiple and unique lineages of the Jewish priesthood". Human Genetics. 126 (5): 707–717. doi:10.1007/s00439-009-0727-5. PMC 2771134. PMID 19669163.
↑ Gusmão, Alfredo; Gusmão, Leonor; et al. (August 2008). "Y-chromosomal STR haplotypes in a Gypsy population from Portugal". Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series. 1 (1): 212–213. doi:10.1016/j.fsigss.2007.10.180.
↑ Kharkov, V. N.; Khamina, K. V.; et al. (4 March 2014). "Gene pool of Buryats: Clinal variability and territorial subdivision based on data of Y-chromosome markers". Russian Journal of Genetics. 50 (2): 185. doi:10.1134/S1022795413110082.
↑ Adamov, Dmitry (2016). "The European Relatives of the Yakuts". Works of the Eurasian Society for Genetic Genealogy: Genetic History of Eurasian Populations. Izdatel'skie Resheniya. p. 38. ISBN 978-5-4474-8041-7.

Modal haplotype

List of modal haplotypes

References

See also