Möng Kawng (Shan: မိူင်းၵွင်း; Tai Nüa: ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥐᥩᥒᥰ; Burmese: မိုးကောင်း; Chinese:孟拱), also known as Mogaung, was a Shan state in what is today Burma. It was an outlying territory, located away from the main Shan State area in present-day Kachin State.
According to legend, a predecessor state named Udiri Pale had been established in 58 BC. The area was said to have been inhabited by the Tai Long. According to Tai chronicles, the kingdom was founded in 1215 by a saopha named Sam Long Hpa, who ruled over an area stretching from Hkamti Lông to Shwebo, and extending into the country of the Nagas and Mishmis. Modern scholars disagree with the date of this history, and believe that Samlongpha belonged to the mid-14th century. Sam Long Hpa built his capital on the Nam Kawng river (present-day Mogaung river) and established it as a tributary state to Möng Mao.
According to Hsenwi state chronicle, the two generals Tao Hsö Yen and Tao Hsö Han Kai, who were sent with Sam Long Hpa to conquer Assam, sent on messengers to Hsö Hkan Hpa with a story that Sam Long Hpa had obtained the easy submission of Wehsali Long (Assam) by conspiring with the king of that place to dethrone Hsö Hkan Hpa. He believed the story and sent poisoned food to Sam Long Hpa, which he ate at Möng Kawng, where he died.
Möng Kawng and Möng Yang were occupied by China between 1479 and 1483, after regaining independence they were again briefly occupied by China in 1495.
From 1651 to 1742 the state was occupied by the Ava-based Kingdom of Burma and following a period of less than thirty years it was again occupied by Burma from 1771 to 1775. Finally Möng Kawng was annexed by the Ava Kingdom in 1796.
In Chinese records, Möng Kawng first emerges in 1295 as Mengguang (蒙光), when a Tribal Command ruled by a native leader was set up by the Yuan dynasty, extending as far as the border with India (Xitian) by 1310.
In the Ming Shilu, the state was known as Mengyang and was under Yunnan as a pacification superintendency. In the same chronicle, the kingdom is said to extend to the east to Jinsha River in China, south to Ava-Burma, west to the territory of Da-Gula and to the north till Ganyai, a polity near Daying river.
It is asserted that it was originally under the territory of Lu-chuan and it is to Mongkawng and Da-Gula where Si Jifa, the ruler of Mong Mao fled after the destruction of Lu-chuan by the Chinese during the Luchuan–Pingmian campaigns (1436–49).
In 1477, the Ava Kingdom marched against Mogaung and captured it. After their submission, the Burmese chronicle records the King of Ava taking the Sawbwa of Mogaung and giving him the town of Tagaung to rule over.
↑Nisbet, John (1901). Burma Under British Rule—and Before. Vol.1. Archbald Constable & Company.
↑Daniels, Christian (2018). "The Mongol-Yuan in Yunnan and Proto Tai/Tai Polities during the 13th-14th Centuries". JSS. 106: 227–228.
↑"79. Meng-yang polity which the MSL records as a 'prefecture" and later as a 'pacification superintendency' under Yun-nan. It is the polity known in Shan as Mong Yang or Mong Kawng and in Burmese as Mo-hnyin or Mogaung."(Wade 1994:274)
Ferquist, Jon (2005), "Min-gyi-nyo, the Shan Invansions of Ava (1525-27), and the Beginnings of Expansionary Warfare in Toungoo Burma: 1486-1539", Bulletin of Burma Research, 2 (2)
Wade, Geoffrey (1994), The Ming Shi-lu (Veritable Records of the Ming Dynasty) as a Source for Southeast Asian History -- 14th to 17th Centuries, Hong Kong{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Gogoi, Padmeswar (1956). The political expansion of the Mao Shans.
Scott, James George (1967), Hsenwi State Chronicle
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