Negative elongation factor C/D

NELFCD
Identifiers
Aliases	NELFCD, NELF-C, NELF-D, TH1, TH1L, HSPC130, negative elongation factor complex member C/D
External IDs	OMIM: 605297; MGI: 1926424; GeneCards: NELFCD
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	5L3X
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 20 (human)
End	58,995,133 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 2 (mouse)
End	174,269,295 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	anterior pituitary; ; ventricular zone; ; ganglionic eminence; ; right lobe of thyroid gland; ; left lobe of thyroid gland; ; left ovary; ; right hemisphere of cerebellum; ; right ovary; ; islet of Langerhans; ; right uterine tube;
	Top expressed in
	yolk sac; ; ventricular zone; ; otic vesicle; ; superior cervical ganglion; ; neural layer of retina; ; genital tubercle; ; epiblast; ; otic placode; ; saccule; ; tail of embryo;
	More reference expression data
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	protein binding; RNA binding;
Cellular component	membrane; NELF complex; nucleus; nucleoplasm;
Biological process	transcription elongation from RNA polymerase II promoter; positive regulation of viral transcription; negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated; regulation of transcription, DNA-templated; transcription by RNA polymerase II; transcription, DNA-templated; negative regulation of transcription elongation from RNA polymerase II promoter;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
Databases	NCBI: entry; OMA: entry
	51497
	57314
	ENSG00000101158
	ENSMUSG00000016253
	Q8IXH7
	Q922L6
	NM_016397; NM_198976
	NM_020580
	NP_945327
	NP_065605
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Negative elongation factor C/D (or NELF-C/D) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NELFCD gene (previously TH1L). NELFCD encodes three known isoforms, the (UniProt) canonical transcript is sometimes called NELF-C, while one of the alternative transcripts is called NELF-D. This protein is part of the negative elongation factor (NELF) complex, which is involved in repressing transcriptional elongation.

Function

The NELF^{[clarification needed]} complex of proteins interacts with the DSIF^{[clarification needed]} protein complex to repress transcriptional elongation by RNA polymerase II. The protein encoded by this gene is an essential part of the NELF complex. Alternative translation initiation site usage results in the formation of two isoforms with different N-termini.

Interactions

NELF-C/D has been shown to interact with:

ARAF,
NELF-B, and
NELF-E.

References

1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000101158 – Ensembl, May 2017
1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000016253 – Ensembl, May 2017
↑ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑ Bonthron DT, Hayward BE, Moran V, Strain L (Aug 2000). "Characterization of TH1 and CTSZ, two non-imprinted genes downstream of GNAS1 in chromosome 20q13". Human Genetics. 107 (2): 165–75. doi:10.1007/s004390000344. PMID 11030415. S2CID 25570066.
↑ Zhang QH, Ye M, Wu XY, Ren SX, Zhao M, Zhao CJ, Fu G, Shen Y, Fan HY, Lu G, Zhong M, Xu XR, Han ZG, Zhang JW, Tao J, Huang QH, Zhou J, Hu GX, Gu J, Chen SJ, Chen Z (Oct 2000). "Cloning and functional analysis of cDNAs with open reading frames for 300 previously undefined genes expressed in CD34+ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells". Genome Research. 10 (10): 1546–60. doi:10.1101/gr.140200. PMC 310934. PMID 11042152.
1 2 3 "Entrez Gene: TH1L TH1-like (Drosophila)".
↑ "Negative elongation factor C/D". uniprot.org. UniProt consortium. Retrieved 2026-09-10.
↑ Yuryev A, Wennogle LP (Feb 2003). "Novel raf kinase protein-protein interactions found by an exhaustive yeast two-hybrid analysis". Genomics. 81 (2): 112–25. doi:10.1016/s0888-7543(02)00008-3. PMID 12620389.
↑ Yin XL, Chen S, Gu JX (Feb 2002). "Identification of TH1 as an interaction partner of A-Raf kinase". Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry. 231 (1–2): 69–74. doi:10.1023/A:1014437024129. PMID 11952167. S2CID 19362635.
1 2 Ewing RM, Chu P, Elisma F, Li H, Taylor P, Climie S, McBroom-Cerajewski L, Robinson MD, O'Connor L, Li M, Taylor R, Dharsee M, Ho Y, Heilbut A, Moore L, Zhang S, Ornatsky O, Bukhman YV, Ethier M, Sheng Y, Vasilescu J, Abu-Farha M, Lambert JP, Duewel HS, Stewart II, Kuehl B, Hogue K, Colwill K, Gladwish K, Muskat B, Kinach R, Adams SL, Moran MF, Morin GB, Topaloglou T, Figeys D (2007). "Large-scale mapping of human protein-protein interactions by mass spectrometry". Molecular Systems Biology. 3: 89. doi:10.1038/msb4100134. PMC 1847948. PMID 17353931.
1 2 Narita T, Yamaguchi Y, Yano K, Sugimoto S, Chanarat S, Wada T, Kim DK, Hasegawa J, Omori M, Inukai N, Endoh M, Yamada T, Handa H (Mar 2003). "Human transcription elongation factor NELF: identification of novel subunits and reconstitution of the functionally active complex". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 23 (6): 1863–73. doi:10.1128/mcb.23.6.1863-1873.2003. PMC 149481. PMID 12612062.

Stevens M, De Clercq E, Balzarini J (Sep 2006). "The regulation of HIV-1 transcription: molecular targets for chemotherapeutic intervention". Medicinal Research Reviews. 26 (5): 595–625. doi:10.1002/med.20081. PMC 7168390. PMID 16838299.
Bonaldo MF, Lennon G, Soares MB (Sep 1996). "Normalization and subtraction: two approaches to facilitate gene discovery". Genome Research. 6 (9): 791–806. doi:10.1101/gr.6.9.791. PMID 8889548.
Yamaguchi Y, Takagi T, Wada T, Yano K, Furuya A, Sugimoto S, Hasegawa J, Handa H (Apr 1999). "NELF, a multisubunit complex containing RD, cooperates with DSIF to repress RNA polymerase II elongation". Cell. 97 (1): 41–51. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80713-8. PMID 10199401. S2CID 16855257.
Ping YH, Rana TM (Apr 2001). "DSIF and NELF interact with RNA polymerase II elongation complex and HIV-1 Tat stimulates P-TEFb-mediated phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II and DSIF during transcription elongation". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 276 (16): 12951–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.M006130200. PMID 11112772.
Yin XL, Chen S, Gu JX (Feb 2002). "Identification of TH1 as an interaction partner of A-Raf kinase". Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry. 231 (1–2): 69–74. doi:10.1023/A:1014437024129. PMID 11952167. S2CID 19362635.
Narita T, Yamaguchi Y, Yano K, Sugimoto S, Chanarat S, Wada T, Kim DK, Hasegawa J, Omori M, Inukai N, Endoh M, Yamada T, Handa H (Mar 2003). "Human transcription elongation factor NELF: identification of novel subunits and reconstitution of the functionally active complex". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 23 (6): 1863–73. doi:10.1128/MCB.23.6.1863-1873.2003. PMC 149481. PMID 12612062.
Yuryev A, Wennogle LP (Feb 2003). "Novel raf kinase protein-protein interactions found by an exhaustive yeast two-hybrid analysis". Genomics. 81 (2): 112–25. doi:10.1016/S0888-7543(02)00008-3. PMID 12620389.
Liu W, Shen X, Yang Y, Yin X, Xie J, Yan J, Jiang J, Liu W, Wang H, Sun M, Zheng Y, Gu J (Mar 2004). "Trihydrophobin 1 is a new negative regulator of A-Raf kinase". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 279 (11): 10167–75. doi:10.1074/jbc.M307994200. PMID 14684750.
Colland F, Jacq X, Trouplin V, Mougin C, Groizeleau C, Hamburger A, Meil A, Wojcik J, Legrain P, Gauthier JM (Jul 2004). "Functional proteomics mapping of a human signaling pathway". Genome Research. 14 (7): 1324–32. doi:10.1101/gr.2334104. PMC 442148. PMID 15231748.
Stelzl U, Worm U, Lalowski M, Haenig C, Brembeck FH, Goehler H, Stroedicke M, Zenkner M, Schoenherr A, Koeppen S, Timm J, Mintzlaff S, Abraham C, Bock N, Kietzmann S, Goedde A, Toksöz E, Droege A, Krobitsch S, Korn B, Birchmeier W, Lehrach H, Wanker EE (Sep 2005). "A human protein-protein interaction network: a resource for annotating the proteome". Cell. 122 (6): 957–68. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2005.08.029. hdl:11858/00-001M-0000-0010-8592-0. PMID 16169070. S2CID 8235923.
Yang Y, Liu W, Zou W, Wang H, Zong H, Jiang J, Wang Y, Gu J (May 2007). "Ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis of trihydrophobin 1 (TH1) by the human papilloma virus E6-associated protein (E6-AP)". Journal of Cellular Biochemistry. 101 (1): 167–80. doi:10.1002/jcb.21164. PMID 17131388. S2CID 23675528.

This article on a gene on human chromosome 20 is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by adding missing information.

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] 1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000101158 – Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] 1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000016253 – Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[pmid11030415-5] Bonthron DT, Hayward BE, Moran V, Strain L (Aug 2000). "Characterization of TH1 and CTSZ, two non-imprinted genes downstream of GNAS1 in chromosome 20q13". Human Genetics. 107 (2): 165–75. doi:10.1007/s004390000344. PMID 11030415. S2CID 25570066.

[pmid11042152-6] Zhang QH, Ye M, Wu XY, Ren SX, Zhao M, Zhao CJ, Fu G, Shen Y, Fan HY, Lu G, Zhong M, Xu XR, Han ZG, Zhang JW, Tao J, Huang QH, Zhou J, Hu GX, Gu J, Chen SJ, Chen Z (Oct 2000). "Cloning and functional analysis of cDNAs with open reading frames for 300 previously undefined genes expressed in CD34+ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells". Genome Research. 10 (10): 1546–60. doi:10.1101/gr.140200. PMC 310934. PMID 11042152.

[entrez-7] 1 2 3 "Entrez Gene: TH1L TH1-like (Drosophila)".

[8] "Negative elongation factor C/D". uniprot.org. UniProt consortium. Retrieved 2026-09-10.

[pmid12620389-9] Yuryev A, Wennogle LP (Feb 2003). "Novel raf kinase protein-protein interactions found by an exhaustive yeast two-hybrid analysis". Genomics. 81 (2): 112–25. doi:10.1016/s0888-7543(02)00008-3. PMID 12620389.

[pmid11952167-10] Yin XL, Chen S, Gu JX (Feb 2002). "Identification of TH1 as an interaction partner of A-Raf kinase". Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry. 231 (1–2): 69–74. doi:10.1023/A:1014437024129. PMID 11952167. S2CID 19362635.

[pmid17353931-11] 1 2 Ewing RM, Chu P, Elisma F, Li H, Taylor P, Climie S, McBroom-Cerajewski L, Robinson MD, O'Connor L, Li M, Taylor R, Dharsee M, Ho Y, Heilbut A, Moore L, Zhang S, Ornatsky O, Bukhman YV, Ethier M, Sheng Y, Vasilescu J, Abu-Farha M, Lambert JP, Duewel HS, Stewart II, Kuehl B, Hogue K, Colwill K, Gladwish K, Muskat B, Kinach R, Adams SL, Moran MF, Morin GB, Topaloglou T, Figeys D (2007). "Large-scale mapping of human protein-protein interactions by mass spectrometry". Molecular Systems Biology. 3: 89. doi:10.1038/msb4100134. PMC 1847948. PMID 17353931.

[pmid12612062-12] 1 2 Narita T, Yamaguchi Y, Yano K, Sugimoto S, Chanarat S, Wada T, Kim DK, Hasegawa J, Omori M, Inukai N, Endoh M, Yamada T, Handa H (Mar 2003). "Human transcription elongation factor NELF: identification of novel subunits and reconstitution of the functionally active complex". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 23 (6): 1863–73. doi:10.1128/mcb.23.6.1863-1873.2003. PMC 149481. PMID 12612062.

Negative elongation factor C/D

Function

Interactions

References

Further reading