Hypoptopomatinae

Hypoptopomatinae
Otocinclus cocama
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Division: Teleostei
Order: Siluriformes
Family: Loricariidae
Subfamily: Hypoptopomatinae
C. H. Eigenmann & R. S. Eigenmann, 1890
Genera

see text

The Hypoptopomatinae are a subfamily of catfishes (order Siluriformes) of the family Loricariidae, composed of 32 genera and approximately 265 species. This subfamily represents about one-tenth of all loricariid species.

Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes does not recognise tribes within the Loricariidae, but other authorities have divided this taxon into three tribes, Hypoptopomatini, Neoplecostomini and Otothyrini. However, in a 2005 analysis, Otothyrini was found to not be monophyletic, with its representatives comprising a paraphyletic group in relation to the tribe Hypoptopomatini. More recent phylogenetic evidence shows that Hypoptopomatini and Otothyrini, while each are monophyletic tribes, do not form a monophyletic subfamily, and therefore should each be recognized as their own individual subfamilies. Problematically, the most recent Hypoptopomatine genera, Gymnotocinclus and Rhinolekos, were not classified in either of the tribes. Gymnotocinclus was subsequently invalidated when it was synonymised with Corumbataia in 2019.

Almost all species of Hypoptopomatinae have a diploid number of 2n = 54; this group is karyotypically very conserved.

Hypoptopomatinae are distributed east of the Andes in South America from Venezuela to northern Argentina. Most of the hypoptopomatine species are usually found at or near the water surface, typically in close association with riverbank vegetation or some subsurface structure.

Genera

Hypoptopomatinae contains the following genera:

References

  1. ↑ Richard van der Laan; William N. Eschmeyer & Ronald Fricke (2014). "Family-group names of recent fishes". Zootaxa. 3882 (2): 1–230. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3882.1.1. PMID 25543675.
  2. ↑ Ribeiro, Alexandre C.; Carvalho, Murilo; Melo, Alex L. A. (2005). "Description and relationships of Otothyropsis marapoama, a new genus and species of Hypoptopomatine catfish (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from rio Tietê basin, southeastern Brazil". Neotropical Ichthyology. 3 (4): 489–498. doi:10.1590/S1679-62252005000400006. hdl:11449/26922.
  3. 1 2 Fricke, Ron; Eschmeyer, William N. & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Hypoptopomatinae". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 25 March 2026.
  4. ↑ Reis, Roberto E.; Schaefer, Scott A. (December 21, 1998). "New Cascudinhos from Southern Brazil: Systematics, Endemism, and Relationships (Siluriformes, Loricariidae, Hypoptopomatinae)" (PDF). American Museum Novitates (3254): 1–25.
  5. ↑ Richard van der Laan; Ronald Fricke (eds.). "Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes Classification". Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 25 March 2026.
  6. ↑ Gauger, Marco F. W.; Buckup, Paulo Andreas (2005). "Two new species of Hypoptopomatinae from the rio Paraíba do Sul basin, with comments on the monophyly of Parotocinclus and the Otothyrini (Siluriformes: Loricariidae)". Neotropical Ichthyology. 3 (4): 509–518. doi:10.1590/S1679-62252005000400008.
  7. ↑ Cramer, Christian A.; Bonatto, Sandro L.; Reis, Roberto E. (2011). "Molecular phylogeny of the Neoplecostominae and Hypoptopomatinae (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) using multiple genes". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 59 (1): 43–52. Bibcode:2011MolPE..59...43C. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2011.01.002. PMID 21241812.
  8. ↑ de Oliveira Martins, F.; Langeani, F. (2011). "Rhinolekos, a new genus with three new species of Hypoptopomatinae (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from upper rio Paraná". Neotropical Ichthyology. 9 (1): 65–78. doi:10.1590/S1679-62252011000100004. hdl:11449/22345.
  9. ↑ Carvalho, Tiago Pinto; Lehmann A., Pablo; Reis, Roberto E. (2008). "Gymnotocinclus anosteos, a new uniquely-plated genus and species of loricariid catfish (Teleostei: Siluriformes) from the upper rio Tocantins basin, central Brazil". Neotropical Ichthyology. 6 (3): 329–338. doi:10.1590/S1679-62252008000300006.
  10. ↑ Roxo FF; Ochoa LE; Sabaj MH; Lujan NK; Covain R; Silva GSC; Melo BF; Albert JS; Chang J; Foresti F; Alfaro ME; Oliveira C. (2019). "Phylogenomic reappraisal of the Neotropical catfish family Loricariidae (Teleostei: Siluriformes) using ultraconserved elements". Mol Phylogenet Evol. 135: 148–165. Bibcode:2019MolPE.135..148R. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2019.02.017. hdl:11449/190212. PMID 30802595.
  11. ↑ Andreata, Artur Antonio; Oliveira, Claudio; Foresti, Fausto (2006). "Karyological characterization of four Neotropical fish species of the genus Hisonotus (Teleostei, Loricariidae, Hypoptopomatinae) from distinct Brazilian river basins" (PDF). Genet. Mol. Biol. 29 (1): 62–66. doi:10.1590/S1415-47572006000100013.
  12. ↑ Ferreira, Katiane M.; Ribeiro, Alexandre C. (2007). "Corumbataia britskii (Siluriformes: Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae) a new species from the upper Rio Paraná basin, Mato Grosso do Sul, Central Brazil" (PDF). Zootaxa. 1386: 59–68. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1386.1.7.
  13. ↑ de Brito, Marcelo F. G.; Caramaschi, Érica P. (2005). "An albino armored catfish Schizolecis guntheri (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from an Atlantic Forest coastal basin" (PDF). Neotropical Ichthyology. 3 (1): 123–125. doi:10.1590/s1679-62252005000100009.