PARP2

PARP2
Identifiers
Aliases	PARP2, ADPRT2, ADPRTL2, ADPRTL3, ARTD2, PARP-2, pADPRT-2, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 2
External IDs	OMIM: 607725; MGI: 1341112; GeneCards: PARP2
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	3KCZ, 3KJD, 4PJV, 4TVJ, 4ZZX, 4ZZY, 5DSY, 5D5K
Enzyme activity
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 14 (human)
End	20,357,904 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 14 (mouse)
End	51,058,758 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	cerebellar hemisphere; ; right hemisphere of cerebellum; ; right frontal lobe; ; Brodmann area 9; ; gonad; ; ventricular zone; ; ganglionic eminence; ; prefrontal cortex; ; cerebellar vermis; ; left ovary;
	Top expressed in
	tail of embryo; ; Ileal epithelium; ; genital tubercle; ; neural layer of retina; ; otic placode; ; epiblast; ; ventricular zone; ; embryo; ; primitive streak; ; embryo;
	More reference expression data
	; ; ; ;
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	transferase activity; DNA binding; protein binding; DNA ligase (ATP) activity; glycosyltransferase activity; NAD+ ADP-ribosyltransferase activity; protein ADP-ribosylase activity; NAD DNA ADP-ribosyltransferase activity;
Cellular component	cytoplasm; nucleolus; nucleus; nucleoplasm;
Biological process	DNA ligation involved in DNA repair; lagging strand elongation; protein ADP-ribosylation; DNA repair; extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway; base-excision repair; peptidyl-serine ADP-ribosylation; positive regulation of cell growth involved in cardiac muscle cell development; negative regulation of neuron death; double-strand break repair; protein poly-ADP-ribosylation; DNA ADP-ribosylation; cellular response to DNA damage stimulus;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
Databases	NCBI: entry; OMA: entry
	10038
	11546
	ENSG00000129484
	ENSMUSG00000036023
	Q9UGN5
	O88554
	NM_001042618; NM_005484
	NM_009632
	NP_001036083; NP_005475
	NP_033762
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PARP2 gene. It is one of the PARP family of enzymes.

Function

This gene encodes poly(ADP-ribosyl)transferase-like 2 protein, which contains a catalytic domain and is capable of catalyzing a poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation reaction. This protein has a catalytic domain which is homologous to that of poly (ADP-ribosyl) transferase, but lacks an N-terminal DNA binding domain which activates the C-terminal catalytic domain of poly (ADP-ribosyl) transferase. The basic residues within the N-terminal region of this protein may bear potential DNA-binding properties, and may be involved in the nuclear and/or nucleolar targeting of the protein. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found.

In the plant species Arabidopsis thaliana, PARP2 plays more significant roles than PARP1 in protective responses to DNA damage and bacterial pathogenesis. The plant PARP2 carries N-terminal SAP DNA binding motifs rather than the Zn-finger DNA binding motifs of plant and animal PARP1 proteins.

PARP inhibitor drugs

Some PARP inhibitor anti-cancer drugs (primarily aimed at PARP1) also inhibit PARP2, e.g. niraparib.

Interactions

PARP2 has been shown to interact with XRCC1.

PARP2 also interacts with HPF1.

PARP2 binds to and bridges blunt DNA ends.

References

1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000129484 – Ensembl, May 2017
1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000036023 – Ensembl, May 2017
↑ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑ Johansson M (May 1999). "A human poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase gene family (ADPRTL): cDNA cloning of two novel poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase homologues". Genomics. 57 (3): 442–5. doi:10.1006/geno.1999.5799. PMID 10329013.
↑ Yélamos J, Schreiber V, Dantzer F (April 2008). "Toward specific functions of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-2". Trends in Molecular Medicine. 14 (4): 169–78. doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2008.02.003. PMID 18353725.
1 2 "Entrez Gene: PARP2 poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase family, member 2".
1 2 Song J, Keppler BD, Wise RR, Bent AF (May 2015). "PARP2 Is the Predominant Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase in Arabidopsis DNA Damage and Immune Responses". PLOS Genetics. 11 (5) e1005200. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1005200. PMC 4423837. PMID 25950582.
↑ Schreiber V, Amé JC, Dollé P, Schultz I, Rinaldi B, Fraulob V, Ménissier-de Murcia J, de Murcia G (June 2002). "Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-2 (PARP-2) is required for efficient base excision DNA repair in association with PARP-1 and XRCC1". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (25): 23028–36. doi:10.1074/jbc.M202390200. PMID 11948190.
↑ Gibbs-Seymour I, Fontana P, Rack JG, Ahel I (5 May 2016). "HPF1/C4orf27 Is a PARP-1-Interacting Protein that Regulates PARP-1 ADP-Ribosylation Activity". Molecular Cell. 62 (3): 432–442. doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2016.03.008. PMC 4858568. PMID 27067600.
↑ Suskiewicz MJ, Zobel F, Ogden TE, Fontana P, Ariza A, Yang JC, Zhu K, Bracken L, Hawthorne WJ, Ahel D, Neuhaus D, Ahel I (March 2020). "HPF1 completes the PARP active site for DNA damage-induced ADP-ribosylation". Nature. 579 (7800): 598–602. Bibcode:2020Natur.579..598S. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2013-6. PMC 7104379. PMID 32028527.
1 2 Gaullier G, Roberts G, Muthurajan UM, Bowerman S, Rudolph J, Mahadevan J, Jha A, Rae PS, Luger K (3 November 2020). "Bridging of nucleosome-proximal DNA double-strand breaks by PARP2 enhances its interaction with HPF1". PLOS ONE. 15 (11) e0240932. Bibcode:2020PLoSO..1540932G. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0240932. PMC 7608914. PMID 33141820.
↑ Obaji E, Haikarainen T, Lehtiö L (14 December 2018). "Structural basis for DNA break recognition by ARTD2/PARP2". Nucleic Acids Research. 46 (22): 12154–12165. doi:10.1093/nar/gky927. PMC 6294510. PMID 30321391.
↑ Bilokapic S, Suskiewicz MJ, Ahel I, Halic M (September 2020). "Bridging of DNA breaks activates PARP2-HPF1 to modify chromatin". Nature. 585 (7826): 609–613. Bibcode:2020Natur.585..609B. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2725-7. PMC 7529888. PMID 32939087.

External links

PARP2 human gene location in the UCSC Genome Browser.
PARP2 human gene details in the UCSC Genome Browser.

This article on a gene on human chromosome 14 is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by adding missing information.

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] 1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000129484 – Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] 1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000036023 – Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[pmid10329013-5] Johansson M (May 1999). "A human poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase gene family (ADPRTL): cDNA cloning of two novel poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase homologues". Genomics. 57 (3): 442–5. doi:10.1006/geno.1999.5799. PMID 10329013.

[pmid18353725-6] Yélamos J, Schreiber V, Dantzer F (April 2008). "Toward specific functions of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-2". Trends in Molecular Medicine. 14 (4): 169–78. doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2008.02.003. PMID 18353725.

[entrez-7] 1 2 "Entrez Gene: PARP2 poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase family, member 2".

[Song2015-8] 1 2 Song J, Keppler BD, Wise RR, Bent AF (May 2015). "PARP2 Is the Predominant Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase in Arabidopsis DNA Damage and Immune Responses". PLOS Genetics. 11 (5) e1005200. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1005200. PMC 4423837. PMID 25950582.

[pmid11948190-9] Schreiber V, Amé JC, Dollé P, Schultz I, Rinaldi B, Fraulob V, Ménissier-de Murcia J, de Murcia G (June 2002). "Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-2 (PARP-2) is required for efficient base excision DNA repair in association with PARP-1 and XRCC1". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (25): 23028–36. doi:10.1074/jbc.M202390200. PMID 11948190.

[pmid27067600-10] Gibbs-Seymour I, Fontana P, Rack JG, Ahel I (5 May 2016). "HPF1/C4orf27 Is a PARP-1-Interacting Protein that Regulates PARP-1 ADP-Ribosylation Activity". Molecular Cell. 62 (3): 432–442. doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2016.03.008. PMC 4858568. PMID 27067600.

[pmid32028527-11] Suskiewicz MJ, Zobel F, Ogden TE, Fontana P, Ariza A, Yang JC, Zhu K, Bracken L, Hawthorne WJ, Ahel D, Neuhaus D, Ahel I (March 2020). "HPF1 completes the PARP active site for DNA damage-induced ADP-ribosylation". Nature. 579 (7800): 598–602. Bibcode:2020Natur.579..598S. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2013-6. PMC 7104379. PMID 32028527.

[pmid33141820-12] 1 2 Gaullier G, Roberts G, Muthurajan UM, Bowerman S, Rudolph J, Mahadevan J, Jha A, Rae PS, Luger K (3 November 2020). "Bridging of nucleosome-proximal DNA double-strand breaks by PARP2 enhances its interaction with HPF1". PLOS ONE. 15 (11) e0240932. Bibcode:2020PLoSO..1540932G. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0240932. PMC 7608914. PMID 33141820.

[pmid30321391-13] Obaji E, Haikarainen T, Lehtiö L (14 December 2018). "Structural basis for DNA break recognition by ARTD2/PARP2". Nucleic Acids Research. 46 (22): 12154–12165. doi:10.1093/nar/gky927. PMC 6294510. PMID 30321391.

[pmid32939087-14] Bilokapic S, Suskiewicz MJ, Ahel I, Halic M (September 2020). "Bridging of DNA breaks activates PARP2-HPF1 to modify chromatin". Nature. 585 (7826): 609–613. Bibcode:2020Natur.585..609B. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2725-7. PMC 7529888. PMID 32939087.