Pernitride

Pernitride
Names
IUPAC names
  • dinitride(4−)
  • diazanetetraide
Other names
  • hydrazido(4-)
  • hydrazinetetraide
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEBI
ChemSpider
  • InChI=1S/N2/c1-2/q-4
    Key: UXMOGIXOTMNDOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
  • [N-2][N-2]
Properties
N24−
Molar mass 28.016 g·mol−1
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

In chemistry, pernitrides are compounds containing the pernitride group, N2−−N2−. Pernitride is isoelectronic to peroxide (O−−O−), from which the name is derived.

Transition metal pernitrides

Pernitrides MN2 for each of the platinum group elements in their +4 oxidation state (M = Pt, Ir, Os, Pd, Rh, Ru) have been obtained via direct combination of the elements at high temperature and pressure using a laser heated diamond anvil cell. Titanium(IV) pernitride TiN2 can likewise be obtained by combining titanium(III) nitride (TiN) with molecular nitrogen. All these pernitrides are recoverable (kinetically persistent) at ambient temperature and pressure with the exception of PdN2, which was inferred to decompose below 13 GPa.

Pernitride complexes

Pernitrides are related to hydrazine and inorganic hydrazides, from which they may be formally derived via deprotonation. A gallium pernitride complex [(GaMe)4(GaMe2)4(N2)(NH−NMe)4] has been synthesized via thermolysis of the corresponding hydrazide [(GaMe2)4(NH−NMe)(NH−NHMe)2].

See also

References

  1. ↑ Krach, Georg; Brüning, Lukas; Ambach, Sebastian; Bykova, Elena; Giordano, Nico; Winkler, Björn; Bykov, Maxim; Schnick, Wolfgang (10 June 2025). "High-Pressure Synthesis of Ultra-Incompressible Beryllium Tungsten Nitride Pernitride BeW10N14(N2)". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 64 (24) e202505778. doi:10.1002/anie.202505778. PMC 12144890. PMID 40178157.
  2. 1 2 Crowhurst, Jonathan C.; Goncharov, Alexander F.; Sadigh, Babak; Evans, Cheryl L.; Morrall, Peter G.; Ferreira, James L.; Nelson, A. J. (3 March 2006). "Synthesis and Characterization of the Nitrides of Platinum and Iridium". Science. 311 (5765): 1275–1278. Bibcode:2006Sci...311.1275C. doi:10.1126/science.1121813. PMID 16513980.
  3. ↑ Young, Andrea F.; Sanloup, Chrystele; Gregoryanz, Eugene; Scandolo, Sandro; Hemley, Russell J.; Mao, Ho-kwang (20 April 2006). "Synthesis of Novel Transition Metal Nitrides IrN2 and OsN2". Physical Review Letters. 96 (15) 155501. Bibcode:2006PhRvL..96o5501Y. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.155501. PMID 16712167.
  4. 1 2 Crowhurst, Jonathan C.; Goncharov, Alexander F.; Sadigh, B.; Zaug, J.M.; Aberg, D.; Meng, Yue; Prakapenka, Vitali B. (January 2008). "Synthesis and characterization of nitrides of iridium and palladium". Journal of Materials Research. 23 (1): 1–5. Bibcode:2008JMatR..23....1C. doi:10.1557/JMR.2008.0027.
  5. ↑ Niwa, Ken; Dzivenko, Dmytro; Suzuki, Kentaro; Riedel, Ralf; Troyan, Ivan; Eremets, Mikhail; Hasegawa, Masashi (21 January 2014). "High Pressure Synthesis of Marcasite-Type Rhodium Pernitride". Inorganic Chemistry. 53 (2): 697–699. doi:10.1021/ic402885k. PMID 24393052.
  6. ↑ Niwa, Ken; Suzuki, Kentaro; Muto, Shunsuke; Tatsumi, Kazuyoshi; Soda, Kazuo; Kikegawa, Takumi; Hasegawa, Masashi (20 October 2014). "Discovery of the Last Remaining Binary Platinum-Group Pernitride RuN2". Chemistry – A European Journal. 20 (43): 13885–13888. Bibcode:2014ChEuJ..2013885N. doi:10.1002/chem.201404165. PMID 25205266.
  7. 1 2 Bhadram, Venkata S.; Kim, Duck Young; Strobel, Timothy A. (22 March 2016). "High-Pressure Synthesis and Characterization of Incompressible Titanium Pernitride". Chemistry of Materials. 28 (6): 1616–1620. doi:10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b00042. OSTI 1364642.
  8. ↑ Åberg, Daniel; Sadigh, Babak; Crowhurst, Jonathan; Goncharov, Alexander F. (3 March 2008). "Thermodynamic Ground States of Platinum Metal Nitrides". Physical Review Letters. 100 (9) 095501. arXiv:1009.0458. Bibcode:2008PhRvL.100i5501A. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.095501. PMID 18352720.
  9. ↑ Helling, Christoph; Schulz, Stephan (2022). "9.07 Gallium, Indium, and Thallium". In Parkin, Gerard; Meyer, Karsten; O'Hare, Dermot; Aldridge, Simon (eds.). Comprehensive Organometallic Chemistry IV. Vol. 9. Amsterdam: Elsevier. p. 384. ISBN 978-0-323-91350-8.
  10. ↑ Uhl, Werner; Rezaeirad, Babak; Layh, Marcus; Hagemeier, Elke; Würthwein, Ernst-Ulrich; Ghavtadze, Nugzar; Kuzu, Istemi (25 October 2010). "Synthesis of a GaN Cage Compound with a Hydrazinetetraide Fragment, [N−N]4−, Stabilised by Six Gallium Atoms". Chemistry – A European Journal. 16 (40): 12195–12198. doi:10.1002/chem.201001589. PMID 20853295.