Ponomaryov, also spelled Ponomariov or Ponomarev (Russian: Пономарёв), or Ponomaryova (feminine; Пономарёва) is a Russian language patronymic surname derived from the occupation of ponomar ("sexton"), and literally meaning "sexton's son". The word "Ponomar" has also become a surname. Surnames with similar origin include Palamar, Ponomarenko, Palamarenko, Palamarchuk, Ponamarchuk, Ponomarchuk.
Notable people with the surname include: