Prototype pollution

Prototype pollution is a class of vulnerabilities in prototype-based languages such as JavaScript runtimes that allows attackers to overwrite arbitrary properties in an object's root prototype. In a prototype pollution attack, attackers inject properties into existing JavaScript construct prototypes with unsafe merges. Prototype pollution can affect client-side and server-side runtimes. Using prototype pollution to modify properties called by gadgets could lead to Denial of Service (DoS) attacks, code execution, or privilege escalation.

References

  1. ↑ Li, Song; Kang, Mingqing; Hou, Jianwei; Cao, Yinzhi (2021-08-18). "Detecting Node.js prototype pollution vulnerabilities via object lookup analysis". Proceedings of the 29th ACM Joint Meeting on European Software Engineering Conference and Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering. ESEC/FSE 2021. New York, NY, USA: Association for Computing Machinery. pp. 268–279. doi:10.1145/3468264.3468542. ISBN 978-1-4503-8562-6.
  2. ↑ Kang, Zifeng; Li, Song; Cao, Yinzhi (2022). "Probe the Proto: Measuring Client-Side Prototype Pollution Vulnerabilities of One Million Real-world Websites". Proceedings 2022 Network and Distributed System Security Symposium. Reston, VA: Internet Society. doi:10.14722/ndss.2022.24308. ISBN 978-1-891562-74-7.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: periodical has ISBN (link)
  3. ↑ Shcherbakov, Mikhail; Balliu, Musard; Staicu, Cristian-Alexandru (2023). "Silent Spring: Prototype Pollution Leads to Remote Code Execution in Node.js". SEC '23: Proceedings of the 32nd USENIX Conference on Security Symposium: 5521–5538. arXiv:2207.11171. ISBN 978-1-939133-37-3.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: periodical has ISBN (link)
    1. ↑ Shcherbakov, Balliu & Staicu 2023, p. 5521
  4. ↑ Cornelissen, Eric; Shcherbakov, Mikhail; Balliu, Musard (2024). "{GHunter}: Universal Prototype Pollution Gadgets in {JavaScript} Runtimes". USENIX Security: 3693–3710. ISBN 978-1-939133-44-1.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: periodical has ISBN (link)
  5. ↑ Hakim, Ismail Abdurrahman; Widyawan; Mustika, I Wayan; Prasetyo, Eko (2023-12-01). "A Multivocal Literature Review on Prototype Pollution Vulnerability". 2023 International Conference on Information Technology and Computing (ICITCOM). IEEE. pp. 375–379. doi:10.1109/ICITCOM60176.2023.10442205. ISBN 979-8-3503-5963-3.
  6. ↑ Kim, Hee Yeon; Kim, Ji Hoon; Oh, Ho Kyun; Lee, Beom Jin; Mun, Si Woo; Shin, Jeong Hoon; Kim, Kyounggon (2022-02-01). "DAPP: automatic detection and analysis of prototype pollution vulnerability in Node.js modules". International Journal of Information Security. 21 (1): 1–23. doi:10.1007/s10207-020-00537-0. ISSN 1615-5270.