Rhabdopleurida
| Rhabdopleurida Temporal range: | |
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| Various members of Rhabdopleuridae | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Hemichordata |
| Class: | Pterobranchia |
| Subclass: | Graptolithina |
| Order: | Rhabdopleurida Fowler, 1892 |
| Family: | Rhabdopleuridae Harmer, 1905 |
| Genera | |
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See genera | |
| Synonyms | |
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Rhabdopleurida is one of three orders in the class Pterobranchia, which are small, worm-shaped animals, and the only surviving graptolites. Members belong to the hemichordates. Species in this order are sessile, colonial, connected with a stolon, living in clear water and secrete tubes called tubarium. They have a single gonad, the gill slits are absent and the collar has two tentaculated arms. Rhabdopleura is the best studied pterobranch in developmental biology.
Genera
The family contains a single extant genus, Rhabdopleura. Based on Maletz and Beli (2018), the following genera are recognised in the family Rhabdopleuridae:
Order Rhabdopleurida Fowler, 1892
- Family Rhabdopleuridae Harmer, 1905
- Genus Rhabdopleura Allman in Norman, 1869
- Genus †Archaeolafoea Chapman, 1919
- Genus †Chaunograptus Hall, 1882
- Genus †Sokoloviina Kirjanov, 1968
- Genus †Epigraptus Eisenack, 1941
- Genus †Graptovermis Kozłowski, 1949
- Genus †Haplograptus Ruedemann, 1933
- Genus †Kystodendron Kozłowski, 1959
- Genus †Rhabdopleurites Kozłowski, 1967
- Genus †Rhabdopleuroides Kozłowski, 1961
- Genus †Sphenoecium Chapman & Thomas, 1936
- Genus †Stolonodendrum Kozłowski, 1949
Genera interpreted as possible stolons of members of Rhabdopleuridae:
- Genus †Calyxhydra Kozłowski, 1959
- Genus †Chitinodendron Eisenack, 1937
- Genus †Diplohydra Kozłowski, 1959
- Genus †Flexihydra Kozłowski, 1959
- Genus †Lagenohydra Kozłowski, 1959
- Genus †Palaeokylix Eisenack, 1932
- Genus †Palaeotuba Eisenack, 1934
- Genus †Phragmohydra Kozłowski, 1959
- Genus †Rhabdohydra Kozłowski, 1959
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 Maletz, Jörg; Beli, Elena (2018-01-22). "Treatise Online no. 101: Part V, Second Revision, Chapter 15: Subclass Graptolithina and incertae sedis family Rhabdopleuridae: Introduction and systematic descriptions". Treatise Online. doi:10.17161/to.v0i0.7053. ISSN 2153-4012.
- ↑ Mitchell, Charles E.; Michael J. Melchin; Chris B. Cameron; Jörg Maletz (2012). "Phylogenetic analysis reveals that Rhabdopleura is an extant graptolite". Lethaia. 46: 34–56. doi:10.1111/j.1502-3931.2012.00319.x. ISSN 0024-1164.
- ↑ Sato, A; Rickards, RB; Holland PWH (2008). "The origins of graptolites and other pterobranchs: a journey from 'Polyzoa'". Lethaia. 41 (4): 303–316. doi:10.1111/j.1502-3931.2008.00123.x.
- ↑ Animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu
- ↑ Eol.org
- ↑ Modern Text Book of Zoology: Invertebrates
- ↑ Sato, A; Bishop JDD; Holland PWH (2008). "Developmental biology of pterobranch hemichordates: history and perspectives". Genesis. 46 (11): 587–91. doi:10.1002/dvg.20395. PMID 18798243.
- Marinespecies.org
- ITIS.gov
- Hayward, P.J.; Ryland, J.S. (Ed.) (1990). The marine fauna of the British Isles and North-West Europe: 1. Introduction and protozoans to arthropods. Clarendon Press: Oxford, UK. ISBN 0-19-857356-1. 627 pp.
- Maletz, Jörg (2014). "The classification of the Pterobranchia (Cephalodiscida and Graptolithina)". Bulletin of Geosciences. 89 (3): 477–540. doi:10.3140/bull.geosci.1465. ISSN 1214-1119.
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