Ps.-Iamblichus: The Theology of Arithmetic (translation, introduction, notes; foreword by Keith Critchlow), Phanes Press, 1988
Xenophon: Conversations of Socrates (translations of Apology, Memorabilia, Symposium and Oeconomicus, with introductions and notes; partly a revision of earlier versions by Hugh Tredennick), Penguin Books (Penguin Classics), 1990
Plutarch: Essays (translations; introductions and notes by Ian Kidd), Penguin Books (Penguin Classics), 1992
Epicurus: Letter on Happiness (translation and biography; introduction by John McDade, S.J.), Rider Books, 1993 (US ed. Chronicle Books, 1996)
Plato: Republic (translation, introduction, notes), Oxford University Press, 1993 (World's Classics, 1994; Book of the Month Club, February 1994)
Plato: Statesman (translation; introduction and notes by Julia Annas), Cambridge University Press (Cambridge Texts in the History of Political Thought), 1995
Aristotle: Physics (translation; introduction and notes by David Bostock), Oxford University Press (World's Classics), 1996
Xenophon: Hiero the Tyrant and Other Treatises (translations of Agesilaus, Hiero, Ways and Means, On Horsemanship, On Hunting and Hipparchicus; introductions and notes by Paul Cartledge), Penguin Books (Penguin Classics), 1997
Herodotus: The Histories (translation; introduction and notes by Carolyn Dewald), Oxford University Press (Oxford World's Classics), 1998 (History Book Club, Book of the Month Club, Reader's Subscription, BCA)
Plutarch: Greek Lives (translations; introductions and notes by Philip Stadter), Oxford University Press (Oxford World's Classics), 1998
Plutarch: Roman Lives (translations; introductions and notes by Philip Stadter), Oxford University Press (Oxford World's Classics), 1999
The First Philosophers: The Presocratics and the Sophists (translations, introductions, notes), Oxford University Press (Oxford World's Classics), 2000
Euripides: Orestes and Other Plays (Ion, Orestes, Phoenician Women, Suppliant Women; translations; introduction by Edith Hall; notes by James Morwood), Oxford University Press (Oxford World's Classics), 2001
Euripides: Heracles and Other Plays (Alcestis, Heracles, Heraclidae, Cyclops; translations; introduction by Edith Hall; notes by James Morwood), Oxford University Press (Oxford World's Classics), 2002
Xenophon: The Expedition of Cyrus (translation; introduction and notes by Tim Rood), Oxford University Press (Oxford World's Classics), 2005
Plato: Timaeus and Critias (translation; introduction and notes by Andrew Gregory), Oxford University Press (Oxford World's Classics), 2008
Polybius: The Histories (translation; introduction and notes by Brian McGing), Oxford University Press (Oxford World's Classics), 2010
Demosthenes: Selected Speeches (translation; introduction and notes by Chris Carey), Oxford University Press (Oxford World's Classics), 2014
Plutarch: Hellenistic Lives (translation; introduction and notes by Andrew Erskine), Oxford University Press (Oxford World's Classics), 2016
Aristotle: The Art of Rhetoric (translation; introduction and notes by Harvey Yunis), Oxford University Press (Oxford World's Classics), 2018
Diodorus of Sicily: The Library, Books 16-20. Philip II, Alexander the Great, and the Successors (translation, introduction, notes), Oxford University Press (Oxford World's Classics, 2019
The Complete Works of Epictetus: Handbook, Discourses, and Fragments (translated, edited, introduction and notes), University of Chicago Press (2022) ISBN9780226769332
The Wisdom of Marcus Aurelius (translation, introduction), Basic Books (2025)
Thucydides, The History of the Peloponnesian War (translation; introduction by Polly Low), Basic Books (2025)
Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics (translation; introduction by John Sellars), Basic Books (2026)
General non-fiction
Before Eureka: The Presocratics and Their Science, The Bristol Press, 1989 (US ed., St Martin's Press, 1989)
Prophet: The Life and Times of Kahlil Gibran, Allen Lane, 1998 (Penguin, 1999; US ed., St Martin's Press, 1998; TSP Book Club; Italian ed., Guanda, 2000; Spanish ed., Editorial Complutense, 2000; French ed., Editions Fides-Bellarmin, 2000)
Plato: Gorgias, Analysis and Commentary, Project Archelogos [e-publication], 2001
Hidden Depths: The Story of Hypnosis, Macmillan, 2002 (Spanish ed., Debate, 2002)
Athens: From Ancient Ideal to Modern City, Macmillan, 2003
Xenophon's Retreat: Greece, Persia, and the End of the Golden Age, Faber and Faber/Harvard University Press, 2006
Why Socrates Died: Dispelling the Myths, Faber and Faber/Norton/McClelland & Stewart, 2009
Dividing the Spoils: The War for Alexander the Great's Empire, Oxford, 2011
The Greek Myths, with Kathryn Waterfield, Quercus 2012
Taken at the Flood: The Roman Conquest of Greece, Oxford, 2014
Creators, Conquerors, and Citizens: A History of Ancient Greece, Oxford 2018
The Making of a King: Antigonus Gonatas of Macedon and the Greeks, Oxford/Chicago 2021
Plato of Athens: A Life in Philosophy, Oxford 2023