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In shooter video games, rocket jumping (also known as blast jumping or explosive jumping) is a technique of using the knockback of an explosive weapon, most often a rocket launcher, to launch the shooter into the air. The aim of this technique is to reach heights, distances and speed that standard character movement cannot achieve. Although the origin of rocket jumping is unclear, its usage was popularized by Quake and Team Fortress 2.
Rocket jumping is used often in competitive play, where it can allow the player to gain quick bursts of speed, reach normally unobtainable heights, secure positional advantages, or in speedrunning. However, a potential consequence of rocket jumping is that it can injure the player character, either from the blast or from fall damage. This effect makes the technique less useful in games where the damage from the blast and/or fall is high, or where health is difficult to replenish.
While using explosives to propel oneself was first seen in Doom, the modern technique became a core mechanic in Quake. By exploiting the physics of the Quake engine, many advanced movement techniques were spawned such as circle jumping, strafing, bunny hopping, and explosive jumping. Rocket jumping was kept as an intentional mechanic for the following games in the Quake series. In Quake III Arena some of the computer-controlled opponents use rocket jumps.
Rocket jumping has appeared in several games in a variety of forms, sometimes as a form of emergent gameplay.
A horizontal form of rocket jumping appears in Doom (1993), where it is used to reach the secret exit in E3M6.
The first games to feature vertical rocket jumping were Bungie's Marathon and 3D Realms' Rise of the Triad, which were both released on the same day. It was featured the same year on The Outfoxies. Rocket jumping became very popular in the original Quake (1996), and was used as an advanced technique for deathmatch play as well as for the Quake done Quick series.
In the game Team Fortress 2 (2007), the Soldier class can use his rockets to rocket jump. This is an intentional feature with several mechanics associated with it. The game features numerous unlockable weapons with attributes that only affect rocket jumping or only apply while rocket jumping. The Demoman class can achieve a similar effect using his own assortment of explosive weapons, such as the stickybomb launcher, or by crouching and jumping with his Ullapool caber melee weapon. It is also possible to use knockback provided by enemy explosives to perform a similarly boosted jump as any class.
In Minecraft (2011), the player can activate TNT in order to propel themselves. While it is usually fatal when attempted, equipping armour can allow players to survive the blast damage, enabling it to be used as a form of transportation. It can also be attempted with creepers, in-game entities that explode upon one being close for a certain period of time. The Breeze ball could also be classified as a form of rocket jump, as it uses the same mechanics, although the player sustains no damage.
In Overwatch (2016), multiple characters have explosive projectiles that can be used to rocket jump.
As a result of rocket jumping being discovered and later implemented into various games, it has been praised for the unique layer of strategy it adds to games that include it. It can be linked to the rise in demand and delivery of movement-based shooter games during the 2010s-20s. While some of these games do not implement rocket jumping directly, they have been similarly praised for their innovation in movement-based gameplay and themselves spawned a demand for more movement-based shooters.
Rocket jumping has appeared in other media as well.
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