Roraiman warbler

Roraiman warbler
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Parulidae
Genus: Myiothlypis
Species:
M. roraimae
Binomial name
Myiothlypis roraimae
(Sharpe, 1885)
Synonyms
  • Myiothlypis bivittata roraimae

The Roraiman warbler (Myiothlypis roraimae) is a passerine bird in the new world warbler family Parulidae. It is found in Brazil, Guyana, and Venezuela. Taxonomic systems are divided on whether it is a species or subspecies.

Taxonomy and systematics

The Roraiman warbler was formally described in 1885 with the binomial Basileuterus roraimae. By 2007 taxonomic systems had begun to resurrect genus Myiothlypis, which had been erected in 1850, for the two-banded warbler and many other species.

At that time the Roraiman warbler was treated as one of three subspecies of the two-banded warbler (M. bivittata). In 2014 the IOC split the Roraiman warbler as a species and retained the English name "two-banded warbler" for the other two subspecies. BirdLife International's Handbook of the Birds of the World (HBW) did the same in 2016. Several studies support this split.

However, as of early 2026 AviList, the Clements taxonomy, and the South American Classification Committee retain the three-subspecies model of the two-banded warbler. AviList states that "Taxon roraimae is retained within Myiothlypis bivittata. These taxa are highly divergent based on analysis of mitochondrial DNA and have very different songs but a split is deferred pending publication of current research." Clements recognizes these differences within the species, somewhat mirroring the IOC and HBW names by calling roraimae the "two-banded warbler (Roraiman)" and grouping bivittata plus argentinae as the "two-banded warbler (two-banded)".

Further information about the Roraiman warbler including description, range, habitat, behavior, and IUCN status are included in the two-banded warbler article.

References

  1. ↑ BirdLife International (2024). "Roraiman Warbler Myiothlypis roraimae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2024 e.T103799761A264330572. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T103799761A264330572.en. Retrieved 16 July 2026.
  2. ↑ Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (April 2026). "New World warblers, mitrospingid tanagers". IOC World Bird List. v 15.2. Retrieved 5 July 2026.
  3. ↑ Sharpe, R. Bowdler (1885). Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching Birds, in the Collection of the British Museum. pp. 392–393. Retrieved July 16, 2026.
  4. 1 2 Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, D. F. Lane, L, N. Naka, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 27 February 2026. A classification of the bird species of South America. South American Classification Committee associated with the International Ornithologists' Union. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm retrieved February 28, 2026
  5. ↑ BirdLife International (2007) Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world. [Old] Version 0. Available at: https://datazone.birdlife.org/about-our-science/taxonomy
  6. ↑ Gill, F and D Donsker (Eds). 2014. IOC World Bird List (v 4.4). http://www.worldbirdnames.org/
  7. ↑ BirdLife International (2016) Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world. [Old] Version 9. Available at: http://datazone.birdlife.org/userfiles/file/Species/Taxonomy/BirdLife_Checklist_Version_90.zip.
  8. ↑ Boesman, P. (2016). "Notes on the vocalizations of Two-banded Warbler (Basileuterus bivittatus)". HBW Alive Ornithological Note 376. In: Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.
  9. ↑ Todd, W. E. C. (1929). "A revision of the wood warbler genus Basileuterus and its allies". Proceedings of the United States National Museum 74: 1–95.
  10. ↑ Lovette, I.J., Pérez-Emán, J.L., Sullivan, J.P., Banks, R.C., Fiorentino, I., Córdoba-Córdoba, S., Echeverry-Galvis, M., Barker, F.K., Burns, K.J., Klicka, J., Lanyon, S.M. and Bermingham, E. (2010). "A comprehensive multilocus phylogeny for the wood-warblers and a revised classification of the Parulidae (Aves)". Mol. Phylogenet. & Evol.. 57(2): 753–770.
  11. 1 2 AviList Core Team (2025). "AviList: The Global Avian Checklist, v2025". Retrieved June 11, 2025.
  12. 1 2 Clements, J. F., P. C. Rasmussen, T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, J. A. Gerbracht, D. Lepage, A. Spencer, S. M. Billerman, B. L. Sullivan, M. Smith, and C. L. Wood. 2025. The eBird/Clements checklist of Birds of the World: v2025. Downloaded from https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/ retrieved November 3, 2025